Moni owerenga a Habr. Tikufuna kugawana nawo uthenga wabwino kwambiri. Pomaliza tidadikirira kutulutsa kwenikweni kwa m'badwo watsopano wa mapurosesa a Elbrus 8C aku Russia. Mwalamulo, kupanga kwa serial kumayenera kuyamba kuyambira 2016, koma, kwenikweni, kunali kupanga kwakukulu komwe kudayamba mu 2019 ndipo pafupifupi ma processor 4000 atulutsidwa kale.
Pafupifupi atangoyamba kupanga misa, mapurosesa awa adawonekera mu Aerodisk yathu, yomwe tikufuna kuthokoza NORSI-TRANS, yomwe mokoma mtima idatipatsa nsanja yake Yakhont UVM, yomwe imathandizira mapurosesa a Elbrus 8C, potengera gawo la pulogalamuyo. makina osungira. Iyi ndi nsanja yamakono yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za MCST. Pakalipano, nsanjayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogula apadera ndi ogwira ntchito pa telecom kuti awonetsetse kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochitika zomwe zakhazikitsidwa panthawi yofufuza ntchito.
Pakadali pano, kunyamula kwatha bwino, ndipo tsopano makina osungira a AERODISK akupezeka mu mtundu ndi mapurosesa apanyumba a Elbrus.
M'nkhaniyi, tidzakambirana za mapurosesa okha, mbiri yawo, zomangamanga, ndipo, ndithudi, kukhazikitsa kwathu kachitidwe kosungirako pa Elbrus.
История
Mbiri ya Elbrus processors inayamba nthawi ya Soviet Union. Mu 1973, pa Institute of Fine Mechanics ndi Computer Engineering dzina lake pambuyo S.A. Lebedev (wotchedwa Sergei Lebedev yemweyo, yemwe poyamba anatsogolera chitukuko cha kompyuta yoyamba ya Soviet MESM, ndipo kenako BESM), anayamba kupanga makina opanga makompyuta otchedwa Elbrus. Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev ankayang'anira chitukuko, ndipo Boris Artashesovich Babayan, yemwe anali mmodzi mwa otsogolera otsogolera, nawonso adagwira nawo ntchito.
Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev
Boris Artashesovich Babayan
Makasitomala wamkulu wa polojekitiyi anali, ndithudi, asilikali a USSR, ndipo mndandanda wa makompyuta pamapeto pake unagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo opangira makompyuta ndi machitidwe owombera zida zachitetezo cha mizinga, komanso machitidwe ena apadera. .
Kompyuta yoyamba ya Elbrus inamalizidwa mu 1978. Zinali ndi zomanga modulitsa ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza mapurosesa a 1 mpaka 10 kutengera njira zophatikizira zapakatikati. Liwiro la makinawa linafika pa ntchito 15 miliyoni pa sekondi imodzi. Kuchuluka kwa RAM, komwe kunali kofala kwa mapurosesa onse a 10, kunali mpaka 2 mpaka 20 mphamvu ya mawu a makina kapena 64 MB.
Kenako zinapezeka kuti ambiri mwa umisiri ntchito chitukuko cha Elbrus anaphunzira mu dziko nthawi yomweyo, ndi International Business Machine (IBM) anachita nawo, koma ntchito pa ntchito zimenezi, mosiyana ndi ntchito Elbrus, sanali. zidamalizidwa ndipo sizinapangitse kupanga chinthu chomalizidwa.
Malinga ndi Vsevolod Burtsev, akatswiri a Soviet adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito luso lapamwamba kwambiri la opanga nyumba ndi akunja. Mapangidwe a makompyuta a Elbrus adakhudzidwanso ndi makompyuta a Burroughs, chitukuko cha Hewlett-Packard, komanso zomwe zinachitikira opanga BESM-6.
Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, zochitika zambiri zinali zoyambirira. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi Elbrus-1 chinali kamangidwe kake.
Supercomputer yopangidwa idakhala kompyuta yoyamba ku USSR yomwe idagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zapamwamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mapurosesa a superscalar kunja kunayamba m'zaka za m'ma 90 zazaka zapitazi ndikuwoneka pamsika wa mapurosesa a Intel Pentium okwera mtengo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mapurosesa apadera otulutsa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza kusamutsa kwa mitsinje ya data pakati pa zida zotumphukira ndi RAM pakompyuta. Pakhoza kukhala mapurosesa anayi otere m'dongosolo, adagwira ntchito mofanana ndi purosesa yapakati ndipo anali ndi kukumbukira kwawo.
Elbrus-2
Mu 1985, Elbrus analandira kupitiriza ake zomveka, kompyuta Elbrus-2 analengedwa ndipo anatumiza kupanga misa. Pankhani ya zomangamanga, sizinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zidalipo kale, koma zidagwiritsa ntchito maziko atsopano, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke ntchito yonseyi pafupifupi nthawi za 10 - kuchokera pa ntchito 15 miliyoni pa sekondi imodzi mpaka 125 miliyoni. kuchuluka kwa 16 miliyoni mawu 72-bit kapena 144 MB. Kuchuluka kwa bandiwifi ya Elbrus-2 I / O njira inali 120 MB / s.
"Elbrus-2" idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'malo ofufuza za nyukiliya ku Chelyabinsk-70 ndi Arzamas-16 ku MCC, mu zida zoteteza zida za A-135, komanso m'malo ena ankhondo.
Kulengedwa kwa Elbrus kunayamikiridwa moyenerera ndi atsogoleri a Soviet Union. Mainjiniya ambiri adapatsidwa maoda ndi mendulo. General Designer Vsevolod Burtsev ndi akatswiri ena angapo analandira mphoto boma. Ndipo Boris Babayan adalandira Order of the October Revolution.
Mphotho izi ndizambiri kuposa zoyenera, Boris Babayan pambuyo pake adati:
“Mu 1978, tinapanga makina oyamba apamwamba kwambiri, Elbrus-1. Tsopano Kumadzulo amapanga ma superscalar a zomangamanga zokha. Mbalame yoyamba yapamwamba kwambiri inaonekera Kumadzulo mu 92, yathu mu 78. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa superscalar womwe tidapanga ndi wofanana ndi Pentium Pro yomwe Intel idapanga mu 95.
Mawu awa okhudza mbiri yakale amatsimikiziridwanso ku USA, Keith Diefendorff, wopanga Motorola 88110, m'modzi mwa mapurosesa oyamba a Western superscalar, adalemba:
"Mu 1978, pafupifupi zaka 15 mapurosesa oyambirira a Kumadzulo asanayambe kuoneka, Elbrus-1 adagwiritsa ntchito purosesa, ndi kupereka malangizo awiri m'njira imodzi, kusintha dongosolo la kaperekedwe ka malangizo, kukonzanso mayina ndi kuphedwa mwangozi."
Elbrus-3
Munali mu 1986, ndipo pafupifupi atangomaliza ntchito ya Elbrus yachiwiri, ITMiVT inayamba kupanga dongosolo latsopano la Elbrus-3 pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zatsopano. Boris Babayan adatcha njira iyi "post-superscalar". Zinali zomangamanga, zomwe zinatchedwa VLIW / EPIC, zomwe m'tsogolomu (pakati pa 90s) mapurosesa a Intel Itanium anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito (ndipo ku USSR zinthuzi zinayamba mu 1986 ndipo zinatha mu 1991).
Muzovuta zamakompyuta izi, malingaliro a kuwongolera momveka bwino kwa kufanana kwa magwiridwe antchito mothandizidwa ndi compiler adayamba kukhazikitsidwa.
Mu 1991, choyamba ndipo, mwatsoka, kompyuta yokhayo ya Elbrus-3 inatulutsidwa, yomwe sakanakhoza kusinthidwa bwino, ndipo pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, palibe amene adayifuna, ndipo zochitika ndi mapulani adatsalira papepala.
Mbiri yakumanga kwatsopano
Gulu lomwe linagwira ntchito ku ITMiVT pakupanga makompyuta apamwamba a Soviet silinathe, koma linapitirizabe kugwira ntchito ngati kampani yosiyana yotchedwa MCST (Moscow Center for SPARK-Technologies). Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, mgwirizano wokangalika pakati pa MCST ndi Sun Microsystems unayamba, pamene gulu la MCST linagwira nawo ntchito pakupanga UltraSPARC microprocessor.
Inali nthawi imeneyi pomwe ntchito yomanga ya E2K idayamba, yomwe idathandizidwa ndi Sun. Pambuyo pake, ntchitoyi idakhala yodziyimira payokha ndipo nzeru zake zonse zidakhalabe ndi gulu la MCST.
“Tikapitirizabe kugwira ntchito ndi Dzuwa m’derali, ndiye kuti zonse zikhala za Dzuwa. Ngakhale 90% ya ntchitoyo idachitika Dzuwa lisanabwere. (Boris Babayan)
E2K zomangamanga
Tikamakambirana za kamangidwe ka Elbrus processors, nthawi zambiri timamva mawu otsatirawa kuchokera kwa anzathu pamakampani a IT:
"Elbrus ndi zomangamanga za RISC"
"Elbrus ndi EPIC zomangamanga"
"Elbrus ndi SPARC-zomangamanga"
M'malo mwake, palibe chilichonse mwa mawu awa chomwe chili chowonadi, kapena ngati zili choncho, ndi zoona pang'ono chabe.
Kamangidwe ka E2K ndi kamangidwe kosiyana koyambirira koyambira, mikhalidwe yayikulu ya E2K ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso scalability yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imatheka pofotokoza kufanana kwa magwiridwe antchito. Zomangamanga za E2K zidapangidwa ndi gulu la MCST ndipo zidakhazikitsidwa pamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri (a la EPIC) omwe ali ndi chikoka kuchokera ku zomangamanga za SPARC (zokhala ndi RISC kale). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, MCST inakhudzidwa mwachindunji pakupanga mapangidwe atatu mwa anayi oyambirira (Superscalar, Post-Superscalar ndi SPARC). Dziko lapansi ndi laling'ono kwenikweni.
Kuti tipewe chisokonezo m'tsogolomu, tajambula chithunzi chosavuta chomwe, ngakhale chosavuta, koma chikuwonetsa bwino mizu ya kamangidwe ka E2K.
Tsopano pang'ono za dzina la zomangamanga, mogwirizana ndi zomwe palinso kusamvana.
M'malo osiyanasiyana, mungapeze mayina otsatirawa a zomangamanga izi: "E2K", "Elbrus", "Elbrus 2000", ELBRUS ("ExpLicit Basic Resources Utilization Schedung", mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira). Mayina onsewa amalankhula za chinthu chomwecho - za zomangamanga, koma m'mabuku ovomerezeka aukadaulo, komanso pamisonkhano yaukadaulo, dzina la E2K limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zomangamanga, kotero m'tsogolomu, ngati tikulankhula za zomangamanga, Timagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "E2K", ndipo ngati za purosesa inayake, timagwiritsa ntchito dzina lakuti "Elbrus".
Zaukadaulo zamapangidwe a E2K
Muzomangamanga zachikhalidwe monga RISC kapena CISC (x86, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, ARM), purosesa imalandira malangizo angapo omwe amapangidwa kuti azitsatira motsatizana. Purosesa imatha kuzindikira ntchito zodziyimira pawokha ndikuziyendetsa mofananira (superscalar) komanso kusintha dongosolo lawo (lopanda dongosolo). Komabe, kusanthula kwamphamvu kwa kudalira ndi kuthandizira kuphedwa kwakunja kuli ndi malire ake malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa malamulo omwe akhazikitsidwa ndikuwunikidwa pamzere uliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, midadada yofananira mkati mwa purosesa imawononga mphamvu zambiri, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwawo kovutirapo nthawi zina kumabweretsa kukhazikika kapena zovuta zachitetezo.
Muzomangamanga za E2K, ntchito yayikulu yowunikira kudalira ndikuwongolera dongosolo la magwiridwe antchito imatengedwa ndi wopanga. Purosesa imalandira zomwe zimatchedwa. malangizo otambalala, chilichonse chomwe chimayika malangizo pazida zonse zoyendetsera purosesa zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yomwe wapatsidwa. Purosesa sikufunika kusanthula kudalira pakati pa opareshoni kapena kusinthana pakati pa malangizo ambiri: wophatikiza amachita zonsezi kutengera kusanthula kwa ma code source ndi kukonza kwa processor. Chotsatira chake, hardware ya purosesa ikhoza kukhala yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo.
Wopangayo amatha kusanthula kachidindo kochokera bwino kwambiri kuposa zida za RISC/CISC za processor ndikupeza magwiridwe antchito odziyimira pawokha. Chifukwa chake, zomanga za E2K zili ndi magawo ophatikizira ofanana kwambiri kuposa zomangamanga zachikhalidwe.
Zomwe zilipo pano zamamangidwe a E2K:
- 6 njira za masamu logic unit (ALU) zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana.
- Lembani fayilo ya 256 84-bit registry.
- Thandizo la Hardware pamayendedwe, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi mapaipi. Imawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito purosesa.
- Programmable asynchronous data prepump yokhala ndi njira zowerengera zosiyana. Imakulolani kuti mubise kuchedwa kwa kukumbukira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ALU mokwanira.
- Kuthandizira kuwerengera mongoyerekeza ndi maumboni amodzi pang'ono. Imakulolani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe ndikuchita nthambi zingapo za pulogalamuyi mofanana.
- Lamulo lalikulu lomwe limatha kufotokozera mpaka ma opareshoni 23 pa wotchi imodzi yokhala ndi kudzaza kokwanira (zopitilira 33 ponyamula ma opareshoni mu malangizo a vector).
Chitsanzo x86
Ngakhale panthawi yomangamanga, omangawo adamvetsetsa kufunikira kothandizira mapulogalamu olembedwa pa Intel x86 zomangamanga. Pachifukwa ichi, dongosolo linakhazikitsidwa kuti likhale lamphamvu (i.e., panthawi ya pulojekiti, kapena "pa ntchentche") kumasuliridwa kwa x86 binary codes mu E2K architecture processor codes. Dongosololi limatha kugwira ntchito munjira yogwiritsira ntchito (m'njira ya WINE), komanso mwanjira yofanana ndi hypervisor (ndiye ndizotheka kuyendetsa OS yonse ya alendo pamapangidwe a x86).
Chifukwa cha magawo angapo okhathamiritsa, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa liwiro lalikulu la code yomasuliridwa. Ubwino wa kutsanzira kamangidwe ka x86 umatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa machitidwe opitilira 20 (kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya Windows) ndi mazana a mapulogalamu pa makina apakompyuta a Elbrus.
Njira Yotetezedwa ya Pulogalamu
Limodzi mwa malingaliro osangalatsa omwe anatengera ku Elbrus-1 ndi Elbrus-2 zomanga ndi zomwe zimatchedwa otetezeka pulogalamu kuphedwa. Chofunikira chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyi imangogwira ntchito ndi data yomwe idakhazikitsidwa, kuyang'ana zonse zomwe zasungidwa pama adilesi ovomerezeka, kupereka chitetezo chapakati-module (mwachitsanzo, kuteteza pulogalamu yoyimba ku cholakwika mulaibulale). Macheke onsewa amachitidwa mu hardware. Pamawonekedwe otetezedwa, pali compiler yodzaza ndi laibulale yothandizira nthawi yothamanga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kumveka kuti zoletsedwazo zimapangitsa kuti zisatheke kukonzekera kuphedwa, mwachitsanzo, code yolembedwa mu C ++.
Ngakhale mwachizolowezi, "osatetezedwa" opangira mapurosesa Elbrus, pali zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera kudalirika kwa dongosolo. Chifukwa chake, mulu wa zidziwitso zomangirira (maadiresi obweza pama foni) ndizosiyana ndi zosungidwa za ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo sizingafikike kuzomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma virus monga kubweza adilesi.
Zopangidwa pazaka zambiri, sizimangogwira ndikupambana zomanga zomwe zimapikisana pakuchita komanso kuwopsa kwamtsogolo, komanso zimapereka chitetezo ku nsikidzi zomwe zimawononga x86/amd64. Zikwangwani ngati Meltdown (CVE-2017-5754), Specter (CVE-2017-5753, CVE-2017-5715), RIDL (CVE-2018-12126, CVE-2018-12130), Fallout (CVE-2018-12127-2019) ZombieLoad (CVE-11091-XNUMX) ndi zina zotero.
Chitetezo chamakono ku zovuta zomwe zimapezeka muzomanga za x86/amd64 zimatengera zigamba pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutsika kwa magwiridwe antchito pamibadwo yamakono komanso yam'mbuyomu ya mapurosesa a zomangazi ndizowoneka bwino ndipo kuyambira 30% mpaka 80%. Ife, monga ogwiritsira ntchito ma processor a x86, tikudziwa za izi, timavutika ndikupitiriza "kudya cactus", koma kukhalapo kwa njira yothetsera mavutowa mumphukira kwa ife (ndipo, zotsatira zake, kwa makasitomala athu) phindu losakayikira, makamaka ngati yankho ndi Russian.
Zolemba zamakono
Pansipa pali zovomerezeka zaukadaulo za Elbrus mapurosesa akale (4C), apano (8C), atsopano (8CB) ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo (16C) poyerekeza ndi mapurosesa a Intel x86 ofanana.
Ngakhale kuyang'ana mwachidwi pa tebulo ili kumasonyeza (ndipo izi ndi zokondweretsa kwambiri) kuti teknoloji yotsalira ya mapurosesa apakhomo, yomwe inkawoneka ngati yosatheka zaka 10 zapitazo, ikuwoneka ngati yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo mu 2021 ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Elbrus-16C (yomwe, pakati pawo, ikuwoneka ngati yocheperapo). zinthu zina, zithandizira virtualization) zidzachepetsedwa mpaka mtunda wocheperako.
SHD AERODISK pa mapurosesa a Elbrus 8C
Timadutsa kuchokera ku chiphunzitso kupita kukuchita. Monga gawo la mgwirizano wanzeru wa MCST, Aerodisk, Basalt SPO (omwe kale anali Alt Linux) ndi NORSI-TRANS, njira yosungiramo deta idapangidwa ndikuyikidwa, yomwe pakadali pano ili ngati si yabwino kwambiri pankhani yachitetezo, magwiridwe antchito, mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito, m'malingaliro athu, yankho losatsutsika lomwe lingawonetse ufulu wodziyimira pawokha waukadaulo wa Amayi athu.
Tsopano zambiri...
Z Hardware
Gawo la hardware la makina osungirako limayendetsedwa pamaziko a nsanja yapadziko lonse Yakhont UVM ya kampani ya NORSI-TRANS. Pulatifomu ya Yakhont UVM idalandira udindo wa zida zoyankhulirana zaku Russia ndipo zikuphatikizidwa m'kaundula wazinthu zamawayilesi aku Russia. Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi olamulira awiri osungira (2U aliyense), omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa 1G kapena 10G Ethernet, komanso mashelufu omwe amagawana disk pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa SAS.
Zoonadi, izi sizokongola ngati mawonekedwe a "Cluster in a box" (pamene olamulira ndi ma disks okhala ndi backplane wamba amaikidwa mu 2U chassis imodzi) yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma posachedwa idzapezekanso. Chinthu chachikulu apa ndi chakuti chimagwira ntchito bwino, koma tidzaganizira za "mauta" pambuyo pake.
Pansi pa hood, wowongolera aliyense amakhala ndi bolodi ya purosesa imodzi yokhala ndi mipata inayi ya RAM (DDR3 ya purosesa ya 8C). Komanso pa boarder aliyense pali madoko a 4 1G Ethernet (awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pulogalamu ya AERODISK ENGINE ngati ntchito) ndi ma adapter atatu a PCIe a Back-end (SAS) ndi Front-end (Ethernet kapena FibreChannel).
Monga ma disks oyambira, timagwiritsa ntchito ma disks a Russian SATA SSD ochokera ku GS Nanotech, omwe tawayesa mobwerezabwereza ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma projekiti.
Titakumana koyamba ndi nsanja, tinaipenda mosamala. Tinalibe mafunso okhudza mtundu wa kusonkhana ndi kugulitsa, zonse zinkachitika mwaukhondo komanso modalirika.
opaleshoni dongosolo
Mtundu wa OS Alt 8SP wa certification umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati OS. Posachedwapa, tikukonzekera kupanga malo osungira komanso osinthidwa nthawi zonse a Alt OS ndi mapulogalamu osungira a Aerodisk.
Kugawa uku kumamangidwa pamtundu waposachedwa wa Linux 4.9 kernel ya E2K (nthambi yomwe ili ndi chithandizo chanthawi yayitali yoyendetsedwa ndi akatswiri a MCST), yophatikizidwa ndi zigamba zogwira ntchito ndi chitetezo. Maphukusi onse mu Alt OS amamangidwa mwachindunji pa Elbrus pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira yomanga ya projekiti ya ALT Linux Team, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zichepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito pakusamutsa komweko ndikuyang'ana kwambiri mtundu wazinthu.
Kutulutsidwa kulikonse kwa Alt Os kwa Elbrus kumatha kukulitsidwa kwambiri malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito pogwiritsa ntchito malo omwe akupezekapo (kuchokera pa phukusi la 6 zikwi za mtundu wachisanu ndi chitatu mpaka pafupifupi 12 wachisanu ndi chinayi).
Chisankhocho chinapangidwanso chifukwa Basalt SPO, wopanga Alt OS, akugwira ntchito mwachangu ndi mapulogalamu ena ndi opanga zida pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana, kuwonetsetsa kuyanjana kosasinthika mkati mwa hardware ndi mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu.
Mapulogalamu Osungira Mapulogalamu
Ponyamula, tidasiya nthawi yomweyo lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito kutsanzira kwa x2 komwe kumathandizira ku E86K, ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi mapurosesa mwachindunji (mwamwayi, Alt ali ndi zida zofunikira pa izi).
Mwa zina, njira yophatikizira yachibadwidwe imapereka chitetezo chabwinoko (zotengera zitatu zomwezo m'malo mwa imodzi) ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito (palibe chifukwa chogawa koloko imodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zisanu ndi zitatu kuti womasulira bayinare agwire ntchito, ndipo wophatikiza amachita zake. ntchito yabwino kuposa JIT).
M'malo mwake, kukhazikitsa kwa E2K kwa AERODISK ENGINE kumathandizira ntchito zambiri zosungira zomwe zilipo mu x86. Mtundu waposachedwa wa AERODISK ENGINE (A-CORE version 2.30) umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulogalamu yosungira zinthu.
Popanda vuto lililonse pa E2K, ntchito zotsatirazi zidayambitsidwa ndikuyesedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazogulitsa:
- Kulolera zolakwika kwa olamulira awiri ndi multipath I/O (mpio)
- Tsekani ndi kupeza mafayilo okhala ndi ma voliyumu owonda (madamu a RDG, DDP; FC, iSCSI, NFS, ma protocol a SMB kuphatikiza kuphatikiza Active Directory)
- Magawo osiyanasiyana a RAID mpaka pawiri patatu (kuphatikiza kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito womanga wa RAID)
- Kusungirako kophatikizana (kuphatikiza SSD ndi HDD mkati mwa dziwe lomwelo, mwachitsanzo, cache ndi tiering)
- Zosankha zopulumutsa malo ndi deduplication ndi compression
- Zithunzi za ROW, ma clones ndi njira zingapo zobwerezabwereza
- Ndi zina zing'onozing'ono koma zothandiza monga QoS, global hotspare, VLAN, BOND, etc.
M'malo mwake, pa E2K tidakwanitsa kupeza magwiridwe antchito athu onse, kupatula owongolera ambiri (opitilira awiri) ndi ma I / O scheduler amitundu yambiri, omwe amatilola kuti tiwonjezere magwiridwe antchito a maiwe onse ndi 20-30% .
Koma ife, ndithudi, tidzawonjezeranso ntchito zothandiza izi, nkhani ya nthawi.
Pang'ono za magwiridwe antchito
Titapambana mayeso a magwiridwe antchito oyambira osungira, ife, ndithudi, tinayamba kuyesa zolemetsa.
Mwachitsanzo, pamakina osungira olamulira awiri (2xCPU E8C 1.3 Ghz, 32 GB RAM + 4 SAS SSD 800GB 3DWD), momwe cache ya RAM idazimitsidwa, tidapanga maiwe awiri a DDP okhala ndi gawo lalikulu la RAID-10 ndi awiri 500G. LUNs ndikulumikiza ma LUN awa pa iSCSI (10G Ethernet) ku gulu la Linux. Ndipo adayesa mayeso oyambira ola limodzi pama block ang'onoang'ono otsatizana pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya FIO.
Zotsatira zoyamba zinali zabwino ndithu.
Katundu pa mapurosesa anali pafupifupi pa mlingo wa 60%, i.e. uwu ndi gawo loyambira pomwe kusungirako kungagwire ntchito motetezeka.
Inde, izi ndizotalikirana, ndipo izi sizokwanira kwa ma DBMS apamwamba, koma, monga momwe timawonetsera, zizindikirozi ndi zokwanira 80% ya ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungirako.
Patapita nthawi, tikukonzekera kubwereranso ndi lipoti latsatanetsatane la mayesero olemetsa a Elbrus ngati malo osungiramo zinthu.
Tsogolo lowala
Monga tidalembera pamwambapa, kupanga kwakukulu kwa Elbrus 8C kudayamba posachedwa - koyambirira kwa 2019 ndipo pofika Disembala pafupifupi 4000 mapurosesa anali atatulutsidwa kale. Poyerekeza, mapurosesa 4 okha a m'badwo wakale Elbrus 5000C anapangidwa kwa nthawi yonse ya kupanga kwawo, kotero pali patsogolo.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti uku ndi kugwa kwa nyanja, ngakhale kumsika waku Russia, koma msewuwu udzayendetsedwa bwino ndi woyenda.
Kutulutsidwa kwa masauzande angapo a mapurosesa a Elbrus 2020C akukonzekera 8, ndipo ichi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 2020, purosesa ya Elbrus-8SV iyenera kubweretsedwa ndi gulu la MCST kuti ipange zambiri.
Mapulani oterowo ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamsika wonse wa processor wapakhomo.
Zotsatira zake, pano ndi pano tili ndi purosesa yabwino komanso yamakono yaku Russia yomveka bwino komanso, m'malingaliro athu, njira yolondola yachitukuko, pamaziko omwe pali njira yosungiramo data yotetezedwa komanso yovomerezeka yaku Russia (ndipo mu tsogolo, dongosolo virtualization pa Elbrus-16C). Dongosolo la Russia ndi momwe lingathere tsopano mwakuthupi m'mikhalidwe yamakono.
Nthawi zambiri timawona m'nkhani zolephera zazikuluzikulu zamakampani omwe amadzitcha okha opanga ku Russia, koma kwenikweni akugwiranso ntchito zolembera zolembera popanda kuwonjezera phindu lililonse pazogulitsa zakunja, kupatula chizindikiro chawo. Makampani oterowo, mwatsoka, amaponya mthunzi kwa onse opanga ndi opanga enieni aku Russia.
Ndi nkhaniyi, tikufuna kusonyeza momveka bwino kuti m'dziko lathu munali, alipo ndipo adzakhala makampani omwe kwenikweni ndi mogwira mtima akupanga machitidwe amakono a IT ovuta ndipo akupanga mwakhama, ndi kulowetsa m'malo mwa IT sichinthu chonyansa, koma chenicheni chomwe tonse tiri moyo. Simungakonde zenizeni izi, mutha kuzitsutsa, kapena mutha kugwira ntchito ndikuzipanga bwino.
Kugwa kwa USSR panthawi ina kunalepheretsa gulu la Elbrus kukhala wosewera wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi wa mapurosesa ndipo adakakamiza gululo kufunafuna ndalama zothandizira chitukuko chawo kunja. Zinapezeka, ntchitoyo idachitika, ndipo nzeru zidapulumutsidwa, zomwe ndikufuna kunena zikomo kwambiri kwa anthu awa!
Ndizo zonse pakadali pano, chonde lembani ndemanga zanu, mafunso komanso, zotsutsa. Nthawi zonse timakhala osangalala.
Komanso, m'malo mwa kampani yonse ya Aerodisk, ndikufuna kuyamika gulu lonse la Russia la IT pa Chaka Chatsopano ndi Khrisimasi, ndikukhumba 100% uptime - ndipo zosunga zobwezeretsera sizingakhale zothandiza kwa aliyense m'chaka chatsopano))).
Zida zamagwiritsidwe ntchito
Nkhani yofotokoza zaukadaulo, zomanga ndi umunthu:
Mbiri yachidule ya makompyuta pansi pa dzina lakuti "Elbrus":
Nkhani zambiri za zomangamanga za e2k:
Nkhaniyi ikunena za m'badwo wa 4 (Elbrus-8S) ndi m'badwo wachisanu (Elbrus-5SV, 8):
Zofotokozera za m'badwo wotsatira wa 6 (Elbrus-16SV, 2021):
Kufotokozera movomerezeka za zomangamanga za Elbrus:
Mapulani a opanga ma hardware ndi mapulogalamu apulogalamu "Elbrus" kuti apange makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri:
Ukadaulo waku Russia wa Elbrus wamakompyuta apathu, maseva ndi ma supercomputer:
Nkhani yakale yolemba Boris Babayan, komabe yofunikira:
Nkhani yakale ya Mikhail Kuzminsky:
Chiwonetsero cha MCST, zambiri:
Zambiri za Alt OS papulatifomu ya Elbrus:
Source: www.habr.com