Wolemba nkhaniyi ndi Alexey Malanov, katswiri pa dipatimenti yolimbana ndi ma virus ku Kaspersky Lab.
Ndamva kangapo kuti blockchain ndiyabwino kwambiri, ndiyopambana, ndi tsogolo. Ndikufulumira kukukhumudwitsani ngati mwadzidzidzi munakhulupirira izi.
Kufotokozera: mu positi iyi tikambirana za kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wa blockchain womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cryptocurrency ya Bitcoin. Palinso ntchito zina ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa blockchain, zina zomwe zimayang'ana zofooka za "classic" blockchain, koma nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa pa mfundo zomwezo.
Za Bitcoin zonse
Ndimaona ukadaulo wa Bitcoin palokha kukhala wosintha. Tsoka ilo, Bitcoin imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazolinga zaupandu, ndipo monga katswiri wodziwa chitetezo, sindimakonda konse. Koma ngati tilankhula za teknoloji, ndiye kuti kupambana ndi koonekeratu.
Zigawo zonse za protocol ya Bitcoin ndi malingaliro omwe adayikidwamo, ambiri, adadziwika kale 2009, koma ndi olemba Bitcoin omwe adakwanitsa kuyika zonse pamodzi ndikuzipanga kuti zigwire ntchito mu 2009. Kwa zaka pafupifupi 9, chiwopsezo chimodzi chokha chidapezeka pakukhazikitsa: wowukirayo adalandira ma bitcoins biliyoni 92 muakaunti imodzi; kukonza kumafunikira kubweza mbiri yonse yazachuma kwa tsiku limodzi. Komabe, chiwopsezo chimodzi chokha munthawi yotere ndichotsatira choyenera, chipewa.
Omwe adapanga Bitcoin anali ndi vuto: kuti azigwira ntchito mwanjira yakuti palibe malo komanso kuti palibe amene amakhulupirira aliyense. Olembawo adamaliza ntchitoyi, ndalama zamagetsi zikugwira ntchito. Koma zisankho zimene anapanga nβzosathandiza.
Ndiloleni ndisungitse nthawi yomweyo kuti cholinga cha positi iyi sikunyozetsa blockchain. Uwu ndi ukadaulo wothandiza womwe uli nawo ndipo upezabe mapulogalamu ambiri odabwitsa. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi zovuta zake, ilinso ndi ubwino wake wapadera. Komabe, pofuna kukopa chidwi ndi kusintha, ambiri amaganizira za ubwino wa teknoloji ndipo nthawi zambiri amaiwala kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili zenizeni, kunyalanyaza kuipa kwake. Choncho, ndikuganiza kuti ndizothandiza kuyang'ana kuipa kwa kusintha.
Chitsanzo cha buku limene wolemba ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha blockchain. Kupitilira mulembali pakhala mawu ogwidwa kuchokera m'bukuli
Bodza 1: Blockchain ndi kompyuta yaikulu yogawidwa
Mawu #1: "Blockchain ikhoza kukhala lumo la Occam, njira yabwino kwambiri, yolunjika komanso yachilengedwe yolumikizira zochitika zonse za anthu ndi makina, mogwirizana ndi chikhumbo chachilengedwe chakuchita bwino."
Ngati simunalowererepo , koma tangomva ndemanga zaukadaulo uwu, mutha kukhala ndi malingaliro akuti blockchain ndi mtundu wina wa makompyuta omwe amagawidwa omwe amachita, molingana, kuwerengera kugawa. Monga, ma node padziko lonse lapansi akusonkhanitsa tizidutswa tazinthu zina.
Mfundo imeneyi ndi yolakwika kwenikweni. M'malo mwake, ma node onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito blockchain amachita chimodzimodzi. Mamiliyoni a makompyuta:
- Amayang'ana zochitika zomwezo pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwewo. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofanana.
- Amalemba zomwezo pa blockchain (ngati ali ndi mwayi ndikupatsidwa mwayi wojambula).
- Amasunga mbiri yonse nthawi zonse, chimodzimodzi, kwa aliyense.
Palibe kufanana, palibe mgwirizano, palibe kuthandizana. Kubwereza kokha, ndipo nthawi imodzi miliyoni. Tidzakambirana chifukwa chake izi ndizofunikira m'munsimu, koma monga mukuonera, palibe mphamvu. M'malo mwake.
Bodza lachiwiri: Blockchain ndi nthawi zonse. Zonse zolembedwa mβmenemo zidzakhalapo mpaka kalekale
Quote #2: "Ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa ntchito, mabungwe, mabungwe ndi mabungwe, mitundu yambiri yazinthu zosayembekezereka komanso zovuta zomwe zimakumbutsa luntha lochita kupanga (AI) zitha kuwonekera."
Inde, monga momwe tadziwira, kasitomala aliyense wokhazikika pa intaneti amasunga mbiri yonse ya zochitika zonse, ndipo ma gigabytes oposa 100 apeza kale. Uwu ndiye mphamvu ya disk yonse ya laputopu yotsika mtengo kapena foni yamakono yamakono. Ndipo zambiri zomwe zimachitika pa intaneti ya Bitcoin, kuchuluka kwake kumakula mwachangu. Ambiri aiwo adawonekera m'zaka zingapo zapitazi.
Kukula kwa blockchain.
Ndipo Bitcoin ndi mwayi - mpikisano wake, maukonde Ethereum, kale anasonkhanitsa 200 gigabytes mu blockchain zaka ziwiri zokha kukhazikitsidwa ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yogwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake muzochitika zamakono, umuyaya wa blockchain umakhala zaka khumi - kukula kwa hard drive mphamvu sikuyenderana ndi kukula kwa voliyumu ya blockchain.
Koma kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti iyenera kusungidwa, iyeneranso kumasulidwa. Aliyense amene anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito chikwama cham'deralo chokwanira ndalama zonse za cryptocurrency adadabwa kupeza kuti sakanatha kulipira kapena kuvomereza malipiro mpaka voliyumu yonse yotchulidwayo itatsitsidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa. Mudzakhala ndi mwayi ngati izi zingotenga masiku angapo.
Mungafunse, kodi ndizotheka kuti musasunge zonsezi, popeza ndi zofanana, pa node iliyonse ya intaneti? Ndizotheka, koma kenako, choyamba, sichikhalanso blockchain ya anzawo, koma zomangamanga zachikhalidwe zamakasitomala. Ndipo chachiwiri, ndiye makasitomala adzakakamizika kudalira ma seva. Ndiko kuti, lingaliro la "kusakhulupirira aliyense," lomwe, mwa zina, blockchain idapangidwa, imasowa pankhaniyi.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ogwiritsa ntchito a Bitcoin adagawidwa kukhala okonda omwe "amavutika" ndikutsitsa chilichonse, ndipo anthu wamba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zikwama zapaintaneti, amakhulupirira seva komanso omwe, ambiri, samasamala momwe amagwirira ntchito kumeneko.
Bodza lachitatu: Blockchain ndi yothandiza komanso yowonjezereka, ndalama zokhazikika zidzatha
Quote #3: "Kuphatikizika kwaukadaulo wa blockchain + munthu zamoyo" zidzalola kuti malingaliro onse aumunthu asungidwe ndi kuperekedwa m'njira yokhazikika. Deta akhoza kugwidwa ndi kupanga sikani ndi ubongo kotekisi, EEG, ubongo-kompyuta interfaces, chidziwitso nanorobots, etc. Kuganiza akhoza kuimiridwa mu mawonekedwe a unyolo midadada, kujambula mu iwo pafupifupi zonse za munthu subjective zinachitikira ndipo mwina, ngakhale ake. chidziwitso. Zikalembedwa pa blockchain, zigawo zosiyanasiyana za kukumbukira zitha kuyendetsedwa ndikusamutsidwa - mwachitsanzo, kubwezeretsa kukumbukira pakakhala matenda omwe amatsagana ndi amnesia. "
Ngati node iliyonse ya netiweki imachita zomwezo, ndiye kuti zikuwonekeratu kuti kutulutsa kwa netiweki yonse ndikofanana ndi kutulutsa kwa node imodzi. Ndipo kodi mukudziwa chomwe kwenikweni ndi chofanana? Bitcoin imatha kukonza zochitika 7 pa sekondi iliyonse - kwa aliyense.
Kuphatikiza apo, pa Bitcoin blockchain, zochitika zimangolembedwa kamodzi mphindi 10 zilizonse. Ndipo kulowa kukawonekera, kukhala otetezeka, ndi chizolowezi kudikirira mphindi 50, chifukwa zolembera zimabwereranso modzidzimutsa. Tsopano taganizirani kuti muyenera kugula chingamu ndi bitcoins. Ingoyimirirani m'sitolo kwa ola limodzi, ganizirani za izo.
M'kati mwa dziko lonse lapansi, izi ndi zopusa kale, pamene pafupifupi anthu chikwi chimodzi padziko lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito Bitcoin. Ndipo pa liwiro lotere la zochitika, sizingatheke kuonjezera kwambiri chiwerengero cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Poyerekeza: Visa imayendetsa masauzande ambiri pa sekondi iliyonse, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, imatha kukulitsa mphamvu, chifukwa matekinoloje apamwamba amabanki ndi owopsa.
Ngakhale ndalama zokhazikika zitatha, sizingakhale chifukwa zidzasinthidwa ndi mayankho a blockchain.
Bodza la 4: Ogwira ntchito ku migodi amaonetsetsa chitetezo cha intaneti
Quote #4: "Mabizinesi odziyimira pawokha mumtambo, oyendetsedwa ndi blockchain komanso mothandizidwa ndi makontrakitala anzeru, amatha kulowa m'mapangano apakompyuta ndi mabungwe oyenerera, monga maboma, kuti adzilembetse okha pansi paulamuliro uliwonse womwe angafune kugwirira ntchito."
Mwinamwake mudamvapo za anthu ogwira ntchito ku migodi, za minda ikuluikulu ya migodi yomwe imamangidwa pafupi ndi magetsi. Akutani? Amawononga magetsi kwa mphindi 10, "kugwedeza" midadada mpaka "okongola" ndipo akhoza kuphatikizidwa mu blockchain (za zomwe "zokongola" midadada ndi chifukwa chiyani "kuwagwedeza" iwo, ). Izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulembanso mbiri yanu yazachuma kumatenga nthawi yofanana ndikulemba (poganiza kuti muli ndi kuchuluka kofanana).
Kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe amadyedwa ndi chimodzimodzi monga momwe mzinda umawonongera anthu 100. Koma onjezani apa komanso zida zamtengo wapatali zomwe zili zoyenera migodi yokha. Mfundo ya migodi (yomwe imatchedwa umboni wa ntchito) ndi yofanana ndi lingaliro la "kuwotcha chuma cha anthu."
Okhulupirira a Blockchain amakonda kunena kuti anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi samangogwira ntchito zopanda phindu, koma akuwonetsetsa bata ndi chitetezo cha intaneti ya Bitcoin. Ndizowona, vuto lokhalo ndikuti omanga migodi amateteza Bitcoin kuchokera kwa ena ogwira ntchito mβmigodi.
Ngati panali ocheperapo chikwi kuchulukitsa ocheperako komanso magetsi ocheperako chikwi, ndiye kuti Bitcoin sichingagwire ntchito moyipitsitsa - chipika chimodzi chomwechi mphindi 10 zilizonse, kuchuluka komweko, kuthamanga komweko.
Pali chiopsezo chokhala ndi mayankho a blockchain "" Chofunikira cha chiwonongekocho ndi chakuti ngati wina akulamulira oposa theka la mphamvu zonse za migodi, akhoza kulemba mwachinsinsi mbiri ina ya zachuma yomwe sanatumize ndalama zake kwa aliyense. Kenako onetsani aliyense mtundu wanu - ndipo zikhala zenizeni. Choncho, amapeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake kangapo. Njira zolipirira zachikhalidwe sizingatengeke ndi chiwonongeko chotere.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti Bitcoin yakhala yolanda malingaliro ake. "Owonjezera" ochita migodi sangathe kusiya migodi, chifukwa ndiye kuti mwayi woti wina yekha azilamulira kuposa theka la mphamvu zotsalira zidzawonjezeka kwambiri. Ngakhale migodi imakhala yopindulitsa, maukondewo amakhala okhazikika, koma ngati zinthu zikusintha (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa magetsi amakhala okwera mtengo), maukonde amatha kukumana ndi "kuwononga ndalama kawiri".
Nthano 5: Blockchain ndi decentralized choncho osawonongeka
Quote #5: "Kuti mukhale bungwe lochita zonse, ntchito yovomerezeka iyenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ovuta, monga malamulo oyendetsera dziko."
Mungaganize kuti popeza blockchain imasungidwa pa node iliyonse pa intaneti, mautumiki anzeru sangathe kutseka Bitcoin ngati akufuna, chifukwa alibe mtundu wina wa seva yapakati kapena chinachake chonga icho - palibe wina woti atseke. bwerani kudzatseka. Koma ichi ndi chinyengo.
Kunena zoona, onse ogwira ntchito m'migodi "odziyimira pawokha" amapangidwa kukhala maiwe (makamaka ma cartel). Ayenera kugwirizanitsa chifukwa ndi bwino kukhala ndi ndalama zokhazikika, koma zochepa, kusiyana ndi zazikulu, koma kamodzi pa zaka 1000.
Kugawa mphamvu za Bitcoin kudutsa maiwe.
Monga mukuonera pachithunzichi, pali maiwe akuluakulu pafupifupi 20, ndipo 4 okha mwa iwo amalamulira kuposa 50% ya mphamvu zonse. Zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikugogoda pazitseko zinayi ndikupeza makompyuta owongolera anayi kuti akupatseni mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bitcoin kangapo kamodzi pamaneti a Bitcoin. Ndipo kuthekera uku, monga mukumvetsetsa, kudzachepetsa mtengo wa Bitcoin. Ndipo ntchito imeneyi ndi yotheka.
Kugawidwa kwa migodi ndi dziko.
Koma chiwopsezocho ndi chenicheni kwambiri. Maiwe ambiri, pamodzi ndi mphamvu zawo zamakompyuta, ali m'dziko lomwelo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kulanda Bitcoin.
Nthano 6: Kusadziwika ndi kutseguka kwa blockchain ndizabwino
Quote #6: "M'nthawi ya blockchain, boma lachikhalidwe 1.0 likukhala chitsanzo chachikale, ndipo pali mipata yochoka kuchoka kuzinthu zobadwa nazo kupita kumitundu ina yamaboma."
Blockchain ndi yotseguka, aliyense amatha kuwona chilichonse. Kotero Bitcoin ilibe kusadziwika, ili ndi "pseudonymity". Mwachitsanzo, ngati woukirayo akufuna dipo pa chikwama, ndiye kuti aliyense amadziwa kuti chikwamacho ndi cha munthu woipayo. Ndipo popeza aliyense angathe kuyang'anira zochitika kuchokera ku chikwama ichi, wachinyengo sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito ma bitcoins omwe analandira mosavuta, chifukwa atangodziwonetsera kwinakwake, adzamangidwa nthawi yomweyo. Pafupifupi pakusinthana konse, muyenera kudziwika kuti musinthane ndi ndalama zanthawi zonse.
Chifukwa chake, owukira amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa "mixer". Wosakaniza amasakaniza ndalama zonyansa ndi ndalama zambiri zoyera, ndipo potero "amatsuka". Wowukirayo amalipira ntchito yayikulu pa izi ndipo amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa chosakanizacho mwina sichidziwika (ndipo amatha kuthawa ndi ndalama) kapena ali kale pansi paulamuliro wa munthu wamphamvu (ndipo atha kuzipereka kwa akuluakulu).
Koma kusiya mavuto a zigawenga, nβchifukwa chiyani kutchula dzina lachinyengo kuli koipa kwa anthu oona mtima? Nachi chitsanzo chosavuta: Ndimasamutsa ma bitcoins kwa amayi anga. Pambuyo pake amadziwa:
- Kodi ndili ndi ndalama zingati panthawi iliyonse?
- Ndi ndalama zingati ndipo, zofunika kwambiri, ndizigwiritsa ntchito chiyani nthawi zonse? Ndinagula chiyani, ndimasewera amtundu wanji, ndale ndidathandizira "osadziwika".
Kapena ngati ndinabweza ngongole kwa mnzanga wa mandimu, ndiye kuti tsopano akudziwa zonse zokhudza ndalama zanga. Kodi mukuganiza kuti izi ndi zopanda pake? Kodi ndizovuta kuti aliyense atsegule mbiri yazachuma pa kirediti kadi? Komanso, osati zakale zokha, komanso tsogolo lonse.
Ngati kwa anthu izi zikadali bwino (chabwino, simudziwa, wina akufuna kukhala "poyera"), ndiye kuti makampani amapha: maphwando awo onse, kugula, malonda, makasitomala, kuchuluka kwa maakaunti ndi zonse, chilichonse. , chirichonse - chimakhala poyera. Kutsegula kwachuma mwina ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za Bitcoin.
Pomaliza
Quote No. 7: "N'zotheka kuti teknoloji ya blockchain idzakhala gawo lapamwamba lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi lolumikizidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamakompyuta, kuphatikiza zida zamakompyuta zomwe zimatha kuvala ndi masensa a Internet of Things."
Ndalembapo madandaulo akuluakulu asanu ndi limodzi okhudza Bitcoin ndi mtundu wa blockchain womwe umagwiritsa ntchito. Mungafunse, chifukwa chiyani munaphunzira za izi kwa ine, osati kale kuchokera kwa wina? Palibe amene akuwona mavuto?
Ena achititsidwa khungu, ena samamvetsa basi , ndipo wina amaona ndikuzindikira zonse, koma sikuli kopindulitsa kwa iye kulemba za izo. Ganizirani nokha, ambiri mwa omwe adagula ma bitcoins amayamba kutsatsa ndikuwalimbikitsa. Ngati akutuluka. Nchifukwa chiyani mulembe kuti teknoloji ili ndi zovuta ngati mukuyembekeza kuti chiwerengerocho chikwere?
Inde, Bitcoin ili ndi mpikisano omwe ayesa kuthetsa mavuto ena. Ndipo ngakhale malingaliro ena ali abwino kwambiri, blockchain akadali pachimake. Inde, pali zina, zosagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zaukadaulo wa blockchain, koma zovuta zazikulu za blockchain zimakhalabe pamenepo.
Tsopano, ngati wina akuuzani kuti kupangidwa kwa blockchain ndikofanana ndi kufunikira kwa kupangidwa kwa intaneti, tengerani kukayikira kokwanira.
Source: www.habr.com