Ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo nthawi zonse imatsagana ndi malingaliro osasinthika. Woyang'anira dongosolo ndi mtundu wa katswiri wapadziko lonse wa IT mu kampani iliyonse yomwe imakonza makompyuta, kuyika intaneti, kuchita ndi zipangizo zaofesi, kukonza mapulogalamu, ndi zina zotero. lero.
Kuphatikiza apo, tchuthichi chili ndi tsiku lokumbukira masiku ano - Tsiku loyamba la Sysadmin lidakondwerera mu 2000 ku Chicago ndi "katswiri wapadziko lonse wa IT" waku America dzina lake Ted Kekatos. Inali pikiniki yakunja ndi kutengapo gawo kwa antchito a kampani yaying'ono yamapulogalamu.
Tchuthicho chinabwera ku Russia mu 2006, pamene msonkhano wa All-Russian wa oyang'anira dongosolo unachitika pafupi ndi Kaluga, komwe chochitika chofananacho chinawonjezeredwa ku Novosibirsk.
Ntchitoyi imakhala ndi moyo ndipo ikukula, ndipo lero ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wowonera zachisinthiko chake, zomwe zikuchitika panopa ndi ziyembekezo zomwe zatsegulidwa pogwira ntchito monga woyang'anira dongosolo mu dziko la "big IT".
Woyang'anira dongosolo: dzulo ndi lero
Masiku ano pali zosiyana zambiri pazomwe zimachitika pa ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo.
Pakampani yaying'ono yokhala ndi antchito opitilira 100, munthu yemweyo amatha kugwira ntchito za woyang'anira dongosolo, manejala, adzayang'aniranso ziphaso zamapulogalamu ndikukhala ndi udindo woyang'anira zida zamaofesi, kukhazikitsa Wi-Fi, kuyankha zopempha za ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kukhala ndi udindo pamaseva. Ngati mwadzidzidzi kampaniyo ili ndi 1C, ndiye, motero, munthu uyu adzamvetsanso derali. Iyi ndi ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo mu bizinesi yaying'ono.
Ponena za makampani akuluakulu - opereka chithandizo, opereka mitambo, opanga mapulogalamu, ndi zina zotero, pali, ndithudi, zochitika zozama za kusinthika kwa ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo.
Mwachitsanzo, m'makampani oterowo padzakhala udindo wa woyang'anira Unix wodzipatulira, woyang'anira Windows, ndithudi padzakhala "katswiri wa chitetezo", komanso akatswiri opanga maukonde. Ndithudi onse ali ndi mutu wa dipatimenti ya IT kapena woyang'anira IT yemwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira zomangamanga ndi ntchito za IT mu dipatimenti. Makampani akulu adzafunika wotsogolera wa IT yemwe amamvetsetsa zakukonzekera bwino, ndipo pano sichingakhale cholakwika kupezanso digiri ya MBA kuwonjezera paukadaulo womwe ulipo kale. Palibe yankho lolondola, zonse zimatengera kampaniyo.
Anzako ambiri achichepere omwe angoyamba kumene ntchito yawo monga woyang'anira dongosolo amayamba ndi mzere woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa chithandizo chaukadaulo - kuyankha mafunso opusa kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kupeza chidziwitso ndikupeza luso lolekerera kupsinjika. Amaphunzitsidwa ndi oyang'anira odziwa zambiri, omwe amapanga ma aligorivimu ochitapo kanthu pazochitika wamba zazovuta, kasinthidwe, ndi zina zambiri. Munthuyo amaphunzira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngati akuchita bwino komanso amakonda chilichonse, amakula pang'onopang'ono kupita kumlingo wina.
Apa tikupita ku funso ngati kasamalidwe ka kachitidwe kakhoza kuonedwa ngati mtundu wa portal ku ntchito yovuta kwambiri ya IT, kapena ndi mtundu wina wanthawi yotsekedwa komwe mungangokulirakulira?
Kumwamba ndiko malire
Choyamba, ndikufuna kuzindikira kuti kwa woyang'anira dongosolo m'dziko lamakono, poganizira mbali zonse zofunika za chitukuko cha IT, pali mwayi wofunikira kuti mukhale ndikukula mwaukadaulo munjira iliyonse yosankhidwa.
Choyamba, ndinu katswiri mu dipatimenti yothandizira IT, ndiye ndinu woyang'anira dongosolo, ndiyeno muyenera kusankha mwapadera. Mutha kukhala wopanga mapulogalamu, woyang'anira Unix, injiniya wamaneti, kapena womanga makina a IT kapena katswiri wachitetezo, kapena woyang'anira polojekiti.
Kumene, chirichonse si chophweka - choyamba, muyenera kupeza zinachitikira, kupambana mayeso mu mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana maphunziro, kulandira ziphaso, nthawi zonse kutsimikizira kuti mukhoza kusonyeza zotsatira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso anapeza ndi zinachitikira, ndi kuphunzira nthawi zonse. Ngati woyang'anira dongosolo amasankha njira yachitukuko motsogozedwa ndi womanga dongosolo, ndiye apa mutha kudalira malipiro osayipa kuposa a oyang'anira IT.
Mwa njira, kuchokera kwa woyang'anira dongosolo mukhoza kupita ku IT management. Ngati mukufuna kuyang'anira, kugwirizanitsa, ndi kuwongolera, ndiye kuti njirayo ndi yotseguka kwa inu mu gawo la kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti.
Monga njira, mutha kukhalabe woyang'anira dongosolo pamlingo wabwino kwambiri waukadaulo, ndikukula mdera lapadera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, m'malo ena opereka mtambo, kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga zamtambo ndi mawonekedwe.
Mwamwayi kwa oyang'anira machitidwe, lero palibe mwayi womwe sungakhale wotseguka kwa ogwira nawo ntchito - aliyense amasankha yekha komwe angakulire ndikukula.
Kodi maphunziro ndi ochuluka?
Uthenga wabwino: tikhoza kunena kuti pakhomo lolowera mu IT kupyolera mu udindo wa woyang'anira dongosolo sikutanthauza maphunziro apadera, kunena, masamu.
Mwa abwenzi anga panali anthu ambiri okonda zaumunthu omwe adatha kupanga ntchito yabwino, kuyambira ndi chithandizo cha IT ndi kupitilira njira yomwe tafotokozayi. System management ikukhala "yunivesite ya IT" yabwino pano.
Zachidziwikire, maphunziro aukadaulo sangakhale ochulukirapo ndipo, m'malo mwake, adzakhala othandiza kwambiri, koma ngakhale munkhaniyi mudzafunika kuchita maphunziro apadera anu ndikupeza chidziwitso kudzera muzochitika zenizeni.
Kawirikawiri, ngati munthu akufuna kukhala woyang'anira dongosolo, ndiye lero si ntchito yotsekedwa monga, kunena, woyendetsa ndege. Mutha kuyamba kusunthira kumaloto anu pabedi kunyumba powerenga zolemba kapena maphunziro kuchokera pazenera la smartphone yanu. Zambiri pamutu uliwonse zimapezeka mwanjira yamaphunziro aulere komanso olipidwa ndi zolemba.
Pali mwayi wokonzekera ntchito yanu yoyamba ya IT kunyumba ndikupeza ntchito yothandizira IT ndi mtendere wamumtima.
Zachidziwikire, omwe adaphunzira zaukadaulo wokhudzana nawo kuyunivesite ali ndi mwayi woyambira, koma, kumbali ina, munthu yemwe ali ndi maphunziro abwino a masamu sangathe kukonzekera kupita kukathandizira kapena kukhala woyang'anira dongosolo; mwachidziwikire, angasankhe kusankha njira yosiyana - mwachitsanzo, Big Data. Ndipo izi zimachepetsa kwambiri mpikisano mwachindunji pamlingo woyamba wolowera mumakampani.
Luso: "Maluso" apamwamba 5 a sysadmin - 2020
Zachidziwikire, maluso ena akadali ofunikira kuti mugwire bwino ntchito ngati woyang'anira dongosolo mu 2020. Ndi uyu.
Choyamba, ndi chikhumbo chogwira ntchito ndikukula mu ntchitoyi, changu, kuchita bwino komanso kufunitsitsa kuphunzira nthawi zonse. Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu.
Ngati munthu anamva penapake kuti woyang'anira dongosolo ndi ozizira, koma atatha kuyesera, anazindikira kuti iye sakonda ntchito, ndi bwino kuti musataye nthawi ndi kusintha zapaderazi. Ntchitoyi imafuna malingaliro "wazama komanso anthawi yayitali". Chinachake chikusintha mosalekeza mu IT. Pano simungaphunzirepo kamodzi ndikukhala pa chidziwitso ichi kwa zaka 10 osachita kanthu, osaphunzira china chatsopano. βPhunzirani, phunzirani ndi kuphunziranso.β /IN. I. Lenin/
Mbali yachiwiri yofunikira ya luso lokonzekera ndi kukumbukira bwino ndi luso losanthula. Nthawi zonse mumayenera kusunga zambiri m'mutu mwanu, kuwonjezera ma voliyumu atsopano ndi mitu yawo, mutha kuzimvetsetsa mwaluso ndikuzisintha kukhala ntchito zambiri zothandiza. Ndipo kukhala wokhoza kusodza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso pa nthawi yoyenera.
Gawo lachitatu ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha akatswiri. Kwa omaliza maphunziro a mayunivesite apadera aukadaulo, zidzakhala zokwanira: kudziwa zoyambira zosungira, mfundo za kapangidwe ka OS (osati mozama, osati pamlingo wa womanga), kumvetsetsa momwe mapulogalamu amagwirira ntchito ndi zida, kumvetsetsa mfundo. za magwiridwe antchito a netiweki, komanso maluso oyambira mapulogalamu, chidziwitso choyambirira cha TCP/IP, Unix, Windows system. Ngati mukudziwa kuyikanso Window ndikusonkhanitsa nokha kompyuta yanu, mwatsala pang'ono kukhala woyang'anira dongosolo.
Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zamasiku ano ndi automation; woyang'anira dongosolo aliyense amafika poganiza kuti ndikosavuta kulemba njira zina pamlingo wa script, motero kuchepetsa ntchito yawo yotopetsa yamanja.
Mfundo yachinayi ndi chidziwitso cha Chingerezi, ichi ndi luso lofunika kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti muwonjezerenso chidziwitso chanu kuchokera koyambira; chilankhulo cha IT lero ndi Chingerezi.
Pomaliza, gawo lachisanu la luso la oyang'anira dongosolo la 2020 ndilochita zambiri. Tsopano zonse zimagwirizana, mwachitsanzo, Windows ndi Unix, monga lamulo, zimasakanizidwa muzitsulo zomwezo pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana za ntchito.
Unix tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi kulikonse, m'magawo amakampani a IT komanso mitambo; Unix imayendetsa kale 1C ndi MS SQL, komanso ma seva amtambo a Microsoft ndi Amazon.
Kutengera zomwe zimagwirira ntchito pakampani inayake, woyang'anira dongosolo angafunikire kuti azitha kumvetsetsa mwachangu zinthu zosayembekezereka ndikuphatikiza mwachangu mapulogalamu ena okonzeka amtambo kapena API yake munjira za kampaniyo.
Mwachidule, muyenera kugwirizana ndi stereotype ya #tyzhaitishnik ndikutha kugwirira ntchito zotsatira pa ntchito iliyonse.
DevOps pafupifupi sawoneka
Chimodzi mwa zochitika zodziwikiratu ndi zochitika pa chitukuko cha ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo lero ndi DevOps; Ndiwo stereotype, osachepera.
M'malo mwake, chilichonse sichophweka: katswiri wa DevOps mu IT yamakono ndi wothandizira mapulogalamu omwe amawongolera nthawi zonse ndi "kukonza" zomangamanga, amamvetsa chifukwa chake ndondomekoyi inagwira ntchito pa laibulale imodzi, koma sinagwire ntchito ina. DevOps imapanganso ma aligorivimu osiyanasiyana poyika ndikuyesa chinthu pachokha kapena ma seva amtambo, ndikuthandizira kusankha ndikusintha kamangidwe kazinthu za IT. Ndipo ndithudi akhoza "pulogalamu" chinachake ndikuwerenga code ya wina, koma iyi si ntchito yake yaikulu.
DevOps kwenikweni ndi woyang'anira makina apadera kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe amamutcha, koma sizinasinthe ntchito yake ndi ntchito zake. Apanso, tsopano ntchito imeneyi ikuchitika, koma omwe analibe nthawi yolowa nawo ali ndi mwayi wochita izi pazaka 5 zikubwerazi.
Masiku ano, zomwe zikukula pantchito yomanga ntchito ya IT kuchokera pagulu la oyang'anira dongosolo ndi robotics and automation (RPA), AI ndi Big Data, DevOps, Cloud admin.
Ntchito ya woyang'anira dongosolo nthawi zonse imakhala pamzere wa magawo osiyanasiyana amitu; ndi mtundu wa omanga luso ndi luso lodzipangira okha. Sizingakhale zosafunikira kupeza luso - kukana kupsinjika ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha psychology. Musaiwale kuti simumagwira ntchito ndi IT, komanso ndi anthu omwe ali osiyana kwambiri. Muyeneranso kufotokoza kangapo chifukwa chomwe yankho lanu la IT lili bwino kuposa ena komanso chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kuligwiritsa ntchito.
Ndiwonjeza kuti ntchitoyi idzakhalabe yofunika mpaka kalekale. Chifukwa malonjezo onse a ogulitsa akuluakulu a IT akulengeza kumasulidwa kwa "mapulatifomu odzidalira kwathunthu ndi machitidwe omwe sangawonongeke, adzasunga ndi kudzikonza okha" sanatsimikizidwebe ndi machitidwe. Oracle, Microsoft ndi makampani ena akuluakulu amalankhula za izi nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma palibe chotere chomwe chimachitika, chifukwa machitidwe azidziwitso amakhalabe osiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana malinga ndi nsanja, zilankhulo, ma protocol, ndi zina zambiri. Palibe luntha lochita kupanga lomwe limatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito a zomangamanga zovuta za IT popanda zolakwika komanso popanda kulowererapo kwa anthu.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti oyang'anira machitidwe adzafunika kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri komanso ndi zofuna zambiri pazantchito zawo.
Woyang'anira IT wa Linxdatacenter Ilya Ilyichev
Source: www.habr.com