M'nkhaniyi tiyesa kulingalira chinthu chosangalatsa komanso chothandiza cha zomangamanga za IT monga njira yowunikira magalimoto a VoIP.
Kukula kwa ma telecommunication amakono ndi odabwitsa: iwo apita kutali ndi moto wamagetsi, ndipo zomwe zinkawoneka ngati zosayembekezereka kale tsopano ndi zosavuta komanso zofala. Ndipo akatswiri okha ndi omwe amadziwa zomwe zimabisika kumbuyo kwa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwa zomwe zapindula pamakampani azidziwitso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotumizira, njira zosinthira, njira zolumikizirana ndi zida ndi ma encoding ma aligorivimu zimadabwitsa munthu wamba ndipo zimatha kukhala zowopsa kwa aliyense wokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito ake oyenera komanso okhazikika: kudutsa ma toni kapena kuchuluka kwa mawu, kulephera kulembetsa pa softswitch. , kuyesa zida zatsopano, kusonkhanitsa kulumikizana ndi chithandizo cha ogulitsa.
Lingaliro lomwe tatchulalo la protocol ndilomwala wapangodya wa maukonde aliwonse olankhulirana, pomwe kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ndi zovuta za zida zake, mndandanda wazinthu zomwe amapereka, ndi zina zambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chitsanzo chodziwikiratu koma chofunikira kwambiri ndi chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonetsera yosinthika kumapangitsa kuti scalability ya maukonde olankhulirana ikhale yowonjezereka, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwachangu kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamaukonde mmenemo.
Komanso, ngakhale kuwonjezereka koyenera komanso koyenera kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolumikizidwa pamaneti mkati mwachiwonetsero chodziwika kumabweretsa zovuta zingapo zokhudzana ndi kukonza ndi kugwirira ntchito kwa maukonde. Akatswiri ambiri adakumana ndi vuto lomwe kutayirako sikuwalola kuti afotokoze momveka bwino vuto lomwe lachitika, chifukwa idalandiridwa pa gawo la netiweki lomwe silinakhudzidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Izi zimachitika makamaka pamanetiweki a VoIP omwe ali ndi zida zambiri kuposa PBX imodzi ndi mafoni angapo a IP. Mwachitsanzo, pamene yankho limagwiritsa ntchito olamulira malire a magawo angapo, zosinthika zosinthika kapena softswitch imodzi, koma ntchito yodziwira malo a wogwiritsa ntchito imasiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndikuyikidwa pa chipangizo china. Kenako mainjiniya amayenera kusankha gawo lotsatira kuti aunike, motsogozedwa ndi zomwe adakumana nazo kapena mwamwayi.
Njirayi ndiyotopetsa kwambiri komanso yopanda phindu, chifukwa imakukakamizani kuti muwononge nthawi mobwerezabwereza mukulimbana ndi mafunso omwewo: zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusonkhanitsa phukusi, momwe mungasonkhanitsire zotsatira, ndi zina zotero. Kumbali imodzi, monga mukudziwa, munthu amazolowera chilichonse. Mutha kuzolowera izi, khalani bwino ndikuphunzitsa kuleza mtima. Komabe, kumbali ina, palinso vuto lina lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe - kulumikizana kwazomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana. Zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, komanso ntchito zina zambiri zowunikira maukonde olumikizirana, ndizo zomwe akatswiri ambiri amachita, omwe machitidwe oyang'anira magalimoto amapangidwa kuti athandizire kuthetsa.
Za machitidwe oyang'anira magalimoto ochezera pa intaneti
Ndipo palimodzi timachita chinthu chimodzi: inu mwa njira yanu, ndi ine mwa njira yanga.
Yu. Detochkin
Ma network amasiku ano otumizira mauthenga apawailesi amapangidwa ndikumangidwa kudzera pakukhazikitsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana, maziko ake ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana: CAS, SS7, INAP, H.323, SIP, etc. A traffic monitoring system (TMS) ndi chida chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chizitha kujambula mauthenga kuchokera pama protocol omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa (osati okha) ndipo ali ndi njira zolumikizirana zosavuta, zowoneka bwino komanso zodziwitsa kuti ziunike. Cholinga chachikulu cha SMT ndi kupanga zizindikiro ndi zotayira kwa nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikupezeka kwa akatswiri nthawi iliyonse (kuphatikizapo nthawi yeniyeni) popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera (mwachitsanzo, Wireshark). Kumbali inayi, katswiri aliyense woyenerera amasamalira kwambiri nkhani zokhudzana, mwachitsanzo, ku chitetezo cha zomangamanga za IT.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chokhudzana ndi nkhaniyi ndi luso la katswiriyu kuti "azidziwa", zomwe zingatheke, mwa zina, kupyolera mu chidziwitso cha panthawi yake cha chochitika china. Popeza nkhani za zidziwitso zimatchulidwa, tikukamba za kuyang'anira maukonde a mauthenga. Kubwerera ku tanthauzo ili pamwambapa, CMT imakulolani kuti muyang'ane mauthenga, mayankho ndi zochitika zomwe zingasonyeze khalidwe lachilendo la intaneti (mwachitsanzo, mayankho a 403 kapena 408 a gulu la 4xx mu SIP kapena kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha magawo pa thunthu. ), polandira infographics yoyenera yomwe ikuwonetseratu zomwe zikuchitika.
Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti dongosolo loyang'anira magalimoto a VoIP poyamba silikhala la Fault Monitoring System, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wojambula maukonde, kuwongolera kupezeka kwa zinthu zawo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, zotumphukira ndi zina zambiri (mwachitsanzo, monga Zabbix).
Popeza tamvetsetsa njira yowunikira magalimoto ndi ntchito zomwe imathetsa, tiyeni tipite ku funso la momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito bwino.
Chodziwikiratu ndichakuti CMT yokhayo siyingathe kusonkhanitsa Call Flow "pakufuna kwa pike." Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunika kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuchokera ku zida zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo amodzi - Capture Server. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zalembedwa zimatanthawuza mawonekedwe a dongosololi, lomwe limasonyezedwa pakufunika koonetsetsa kuti malo osonkhanitsira akhazikike pakati pakuwonetsa magalimoto ndipo amatilola kuyankha funso lomwe lafunsidwa pamwambapa: kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kumapereka chiyani netiweki yokhazikika kapena yokhazikika.
Chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, ndizosowa kuti injiniya amatha, monga akunena, kuyankha funsoli nthawi yomweyo - ndi malo otani omwe malo okhazikika amtundu wamtunduwu adzakhale kapena atha kupezeka. Kuti mupeze yankho losamveka bwino, akatswiri ayenera kuchita kafukufuku wambiri wokhudzana ndi kusanthula kwakukulu kwa netiweki ya VoIP. Mwachitsanzo, kufotokozeranso za mapangidwe a zipangizo, kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zomwe zimayatsidwa, komanso mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza magalimoto ofanana kumalo osonkhanitsira. Kuonjezera apo, n'zoonekeratu kuti kupambana kwa kuthetsa nkhani yomwe ikuganiziridwa mwachindunji kumadalira njira yokonzekera IP transport network.
Chifukwa chake, chinthu choyamba chomwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa MMT kumapereka ndi kukonzanso maukonde komweko komwe kudakonzedwa kale, koma sikunamalizidwe. Zachidziwikire, wowerenga woganiza bwino amafunsa funsoli nthawi yomweyo - kodi MMT ili ndi chiyani nazo? Palibe kugwirizana kwachindunji apa ndipo sikungakhale, koma ... Psychology ya anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo omwe amagwirizana ndi dziko la IT, nthawi zambiri amakonda nthawi yamtunduwu kuti igwirizane ndi zochitika zina. Ubwino wotsatira umatsatira kuchokera m'mbuyomo ndipo umakhala kuti ngakhale CMT isanatumizidwe, Capture Agents imayikidwa ndi kukonzedwa, ndipo kutumiza mauthenga a RTCP kumathandizidwa, mavuto aliwonse angapezeke omwe amafunikira kuti athandizidwe mwamsanga. Mwachitsanzo, kwinakwake "botolo" lapangidwa ndipo izi zikuwoneka bwino ngakhale popanda ziwerengero, zomwe zingaperekedwenso ndi SMT pogwiritsa ntchito deta yoperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi RTCP.
Tsopano tiyeni tibwerere ku ndondomeko yomwe tafotokozayi yosonkhanitsa zizindikiro zomwe timafunikira kwambiri ndikumwetulira, kukumbukira mawu a ngwazi yomwe ili mu epigraph ya gawo ili. Chofunikira chake, chomwe sichinawonetsedwe, ndikuti, monga lamulo, zosintha zomwe zalembedwa zitha kuchitidwa ndi ogwira ntchito oyenerera, mwachitsanzo, Core Engineers. Kumbali ina, zovuta zomwe zimathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza zingaphatikizepo zomwe zimatchedwa ntchito zachizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, kudziwa chifukwa chomwe terminal sinalembetsedwe ndi oyika kapena kasitomala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimakhala zoonekeratu kuti kuthekera kwapadera kochotsa zotayira kuchokera kwa akatswiri osankhidwa kumawakakamiza kuti azichita ntchito zopanga izi. Izi sizothandiza chifukwa zimatengera nthawi kuti tithane ndi nkhani zina zofunika kwambiri.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'makampani ambiri komwe kuli kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga CMT, pali dipatimenti yapadera yomwe mndandanda wa ntchito zake umaphatikizapo kuchita ntchito zachizoloΕ΅ezi pofuna kuthetsa akatswiri ena - desiki la utumiki, desiki yothandizira kapena chithandizo chaumisiri. Komanso, sindidzatulukira kwa owerenga ngati ndiwona kuti chifukwa cha chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa maukonde, kupeza kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamakono kumalo ovuta kwambiri sikungakhale koyenera (ngakhale kuli kotheka kuti sikuletsedwa), koma ndendende zinthu izi zapaintaneti zomwe zili ndi malingaliro opindulitsa kwambiri potengera kutaya. SMT, chifukwa ndi malo apakati osonkhanitsira magalimoto ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, imatha kuthana ndi zovuta zingapo zodziwika. Chokhacho ndikukonzekera mwayi wopita ku mawonekedwe kuchokera kumalo ogwirira ntchito a akatswiri othandizira ukadaulo ndipo, mwina, lembani nkhani yoyambira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake.
Pomaliza, tikuwona zinthu zodziwika bwino komanso zosangalatsa zomwe mwanjira ina zimagwira ntchito zomwe tafotokozazi, kuphatikiza: , , , . Ngakhale njira yamagulu ndi kutumiza, iliyonse ili ndi ma nuances ake, mbali zabwino ndi zoyipa, ndipo zonse ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosiyana. Chimene chidzakhala mutu wa zipangizo zina. Zikomo chifukwa chakumvetsera!
UPD (23.05.2019/XNUMX/XNUMX): pamndandanda womwe waperekedwa pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera chinthu china, chomwe wolemba adachidziwa posachedwa. - woimira wachinyamata, yemwe akutukuka kuchokera ku dziko la SIP traffic monitoring systems.
Source: www.habr.com