Njira zoyendera pawailesi zomwe ndege zimagwiritsa ntchito kuti zifike pansi mosatetezeka ndizosatetezeka komanso zitha kubedwa.

Chizindikiro chomwe ndege zimagwiritsa ntchito kuti zipeze malo otsetsereka zitha kukhala zabodza ndi $600 walkie-talkie.

Ndege yomwe ikuwonetsa kuwukira kwa wailesi chifukwa cha ma siginecha osokonekera. KGS imafika kumanja kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege

Pafupifupi ndege zonse zimene zauluka m’zaka 50 zapitazi—kaya ndi Cessna ya injini imodzi kapena ndege yaikulu yokwana anthu 600—zadalira mawailesi kuti zifike bwinobwino pabwalo la ndege. Zida zoyikira ndegezi (ILS) zimatengedwa ngati njira zolondola chifukwa, mosiyana ndi GPS ndi njira zina zoyendera, zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira munthawi yeniyeni zokhudzana ndi momwe ndegeyo ilili yopingasa malinga ndi komwe ikutera. Nthawi zambiri - makamaka ikatera mu chifunga kapena mvula usiku - kuyenda pawailesi iyi kumakhalabe njira yayikulu yowonetsetsa kuti ndegeyo ikukhudza koyambirira kwa msewu komanso pakati ndendende.

Monga matekinoloje ena ambiri omwe adapangidwa m'mbuyomu, KGS sinapereke chitetezo pakubera. Mawayilesi samabisidwa ndipo kukhulupirika kwake sikungatsimikizidwe. Oyendetsa ndege amangoganiza kuti ma audio omwe makina awo amalandila pafupipafupi pabwalo la ndege ndi zizindikiro zenizeni zowulutsidwa ndi woyendetsa ndege. Kwa zaka zambiri, cholakwika chachitetezochi sichinadziwike, makamaka chifukwa mtengo ndi zovuta za kuwononga ma signature zidapangitsa kuti kuwukira kukhale kopanda phindu.

Koma tsopano ofufuza apanga njira yotsika mtengo yozembera yomwe imadzutsa mafunso okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha CGS chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pa eyapoti iliyonse ya anthu wamba m'maiko opanga mafakitale. Kugwiritsa ntchito wailesi ya $600 pulogalamu yoyendetsedwa, ochita kafukufuku angawononge zizindikiro za pabwalo la ndege kotero kuti zida za woyendetsa ndegeyo zisonyeze kuti ndegeyo yanyamuka. Malinga ndi maphunziro, woyendetsa ndegeyo ayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kutsika kapena malingaliro a chombocho, potero kupangitsa ngozi.

Njira imodzi yowukira ndiyo kulemba zizindikiro zabodza zosonyeza kuti mbali yotsetsereka ndiyocheperapo kusiyana ndi mmene ilili. Uthenga wabodza uli ndi zomwe zimatchedwa Chizindikiro cha "kutsitsa" chodziwitsa woyendetsa ndegeyo kuti achulukitse mbali yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndegeyo ifike pansi isanayambike.

Kanemayo akuwonetsa chizindikiro chosokoneza chomwe chikhoza kuopseza ndege yomwe ikubwera kudzatera. Wowukira amatha kutumiza chizindikiro chouza woyendetsa ndegeyo kuti ndege yake ili kumanzere kwa msewu wapakati, pomwe ndegeyo ili pakatikati. Woyendetsa ndegeyo adzachitapo kanthu pokokera ndegeyo kumanja, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti isunthike kumbali.

Ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya kumpoto chakum'maŵa ku Boston adakambirana ndi woyendetsa ndege komanso katswiri wa chitetezo, ndipo amasamala kuti azindikire kuti spoofing yotereyi sichitha kuchititsa ngozi nthawi zambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa CGS ndi ngozi yodziwika bwino, ndipo oyendetsa ndege odziwa zambiri amaphunzitsidwa mozama momwe angayankhire. M’nyengo yoyera, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo azindikire kuti ndegeyo siinagwirizane ndi mzere wapakati wa msewu, ndipo adzatha kuzungulira.

Chifukwa china chimene chimachititsa kukayikira koyenerera n’chakuti n’zovuta kuchita chiwembucho. Kuphatikiza pa wayilesi yotheka kupanga, tinyanga zolunjika ndi amplifier zidzafunika. Zida zonsezi zingakhale zovuta kulosera m'ndege mozemba ngati munthu wozembera ndege akufuna kuwulula ndegeyo. Ngati asankha kuukira kuchokera pansi, zidzatengera ntchito yambiri kuti akonze zida ndi mzere wotsetsereka popanda kukopa chidwi. Komanso, ma eyapoti nthawi zambiri amawunika kusokoneza kwa ma frequency osavuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuwukirako kuyimitsidwa kutangoyamba.

Mu 2012, wofufuza Brad Haynes, wotchedwa Renderman, zofooka zowonekera mu dongosolo la ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast), lomwe ndege zimagwiritsa ntchito kudziwa komwe zili komanso kutumiza deta ku ndege zina. Adafotokoza mwachidule zovuta zakuwononga ma sign a CGS motere:

Ngati zonse zibwera palimodzi - malo, zida zobisika, nyengo yoyipa, chandamale choyenera, wowukira wolimbikitsidwa, wanzeru komanso wopeza ndalama - chimachitika ndi chiyani? Muzochitika zovuta kwambiri, ndegeyo imagwera paudzu ndi kuvulala kapena imfa ndizotheka, koma mapangidwe otetezeka a ndege ndi magulu oyankha mofulumira amatsimikizira kuti pali mwayi wochepa wa moto waukulu womwe umapangitsa kuti ndege yonse iwonongeke. Zikatero, kuterako kudzayimitsidwa, ndipo wowukirayo sangathenso kubwereza izi. Muzochitika zabwino kwambiri, woyendetsa ndegeyo adzawona kusagwirizana, kusokoneza mathalauza ake, kuonjezera kutalika, kuyendayenda, ndikunena kuti chinachake chalakwika ndi CGS - bwalo la ndege lidzayamba kufufuza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wowukirayo sadzafunanso. khalani pafupi.

Kotero, ngati chirichonse chikugwirizana, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zochepa. Yerekezerani izi ndi chiŵerengero chobwereranso ku-ndalama komanso mphamvu yachuma ya chitsiru chimodzi chokhala ndi drone ya $ 1000 ikuwuluka mozungulira Heathrow Airport kwa masiku awiri. Zowonadi, drone inali njira yothandiza komanso yothandiza kuposa kuukira kotere.

Ngakhale zili choncho, ofufuza akuti pali ngozi zina chifukwa ndege zimene sizitera m’njira yotsetsereka—njira yongoyerekezera imene ndege imatsatira ikatera bwinobwino, n’zovuta kuzizindikira ngakhale kunja kuli bwino. Komanso, ma eyapoti ena omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri, pofuna kupewa kuchedwa, amalangiza ndege kuti zisathamangire komwe zaphonya, ngakhale zitakhala zosawoneka bwino. Malangizo malangizo otera kuchokera ku US Federal Aviation Administration, omwe ma eyapoti ambiri a ku United States amatsatira, akusonyeza kuti chisankho choterocho chiyenera kupangidwa pamtunda wa mamita 15 okha. Amasiya woyendetsa ndegeyo nthawi yaying'ono kwambiri kuti athetse kuterako ngati mawonekedwe ozungulira sakugwirizana ndi zomwe CGS idalemba.

"Kuzindikira ndikuchira kulephera kwa zida zilizonse panthawi yovuta kwambiri yotera ndi imodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri pamayendedwe amakono apandege," ofufuzawo adalemba mu pepala lawo. ntchito mutu wakuti "Wireless attack on aircraft glide path systems", anatengera pa 28th USENIX Security Symposium. "Poganizira momwe oyendetsa ndege amadalira kwambiri CGS ndi zida zonse, kulephera ndi kusokoneza koyipa kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zowopsa, makamaka panthawi yodziyimira pawokha komanso kuyendetsa ndege."

Zomwe zimachitika pakulephera kwa KGS

Malo angapo pafupi ndi masoka akuwonetsa kuopsa kwa kulephera kwa CGS. Mu 2011, ndege ya Singapore Airlines SQ327, yomwe inali ndi anthu 143 ndi antchito 15, inagwera kumanzere ndi mamita 10 pamwamba pa msewu wa ndege ku Munich Airport ku Germany. Itakatera, Boeing 777-300 idakhotera kumanzere, kenako kumanja, kuwoloka mzere wapakati, ndipo idapumula ndi zida zotera muudzu kumanja kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege.

В lipoti za zomwe zinachitika, lofalitsidwa ndi bungwe la Germany Federal Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission, zinalembedwa kuti ndegeyo inaphonya malo otsetsereka ndi mamita 500. Ofufuzawo adanena kuti chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale ngoziyi chinali kupotoza kwa zizindikiro zowonongeka za localizer potenga kuchoka pa ndege. Ngakhale kuti palibe ovulala omwe adanenedwa, chochitikacho chinatsindika kuopsa kwa kulephera kwa machitidwe a CGS. Zochitika zina zokhudzana ndi kulephera kwa CGS zomwe pafupifupi zinatha momvetsa chisoni zikuphatikizapo ndege ya New Zealand NZ 60 mu 2000 ndi Ryanair ndege FR3531 mu 2013. Kanemayo akufotokoza zomwe zinalakwika pamapeto pake.

Vaibhab Sharma amayendetsa ntchito za kampani yachitetezo padziko lonse lapansi ya Silicon Valley ndipo wakhala akuwulutsa ndege zazing'ono kuyambira 2006. Alinso ndi chiphaso cha ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso ndi membala wodzipereka wa Civil Air Patrol, komwe adaphunzitsidwa ntchito yopulumutsa anthu komanso kuyendetsa wailesi. Amawulutsa ndege mu choyimira cha X-Plane, kuwonetsa kuwukira komwe kumapangitsa ndege kutera kumanja kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege.

Sharma anatiuza kuti:

Kuwukira kotereku kwa CGS ndikowona, koma kugwira ntchito kwake kudzadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha wowukirayo pamakina oyendetsa ndege ndi momwe angayandikire. Ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, wowukirayo azitha kupatutsa ndegeyo ku zopinga zomwe zili pafupi ndi bwalo la ndege, ndipo ngati zitachitika m'malo osawoneka bwino, zimakhala zovuta kuti gulu loyendetsa ndege lizindikire ndikuthana ndi zokhota.

Ananenanso kuti ziwopsezozi zimatha kuwopseza ndege zing'onozing'ono ndi jeti zazikulu, koma pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndege zing’onozing’ono zimayenda mothamanga kwambiri. Izi zimapatsa oyendetsa ndege nthawi kuti achitepo kanthu. Komano, ma jeti akuluakulu amakhala ndi anthu ambiri oti azitha kuchitapo kanthu pakachitika zovuta, ndipo oyendetsa ndegewo amaphunzitsidwa pafupipafupi komanso mwamphamvu.

Anati chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ndege zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ndikuwona momwe zinthu zilili zozungulira, makamaka nyengo, pamene zikutera.

"Kuwukira ngati kumeneku kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri pamene oyendetsa ndege akuyenera kudalira kwambiri zida kuti atsike bwino," adatero Sharma. "Awa atha kukhala malo otera usiku m'malo osawoneka bwino, kapena kusawoneka bwino komanso malo odzaza ndege zomwe zimafuna kuti oyendetsa ndege azikhala otanganidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawasiya kuti azidalira makina."

Aanjan Ranganathan, wofufuza pa yunivesite ya Northeastern University yemwe adathandizira kupanga chiwembuchi, adatiuza kuti palibe chodalira GPS kuti ikuthandizeni ngati CGS ikulephera. Kupatuka kwa msewu wonyamukira ndege pakuwukira kogwira mtima kumakhala kuyambira 10 mpaka 15 metres, chifukwa chilichonse chokulirapo chidzawoneka kwa oyendetsa ndege ndi oyang'anira magalimoto. GPS idzakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kuzindikira zopatuka zotere. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndikuti ndikosavuta kuwononga ma sign a GPS.

"Ndikhoza kusokoneza GPS mofanana ndi kuwononga kwa CGS," adatero Ranganathan. "Funso lonse ndi kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso cha wowukirayo."

Mbiri yakale ya KGS

Mayeso a KGS ayamba kumbuyo mu 1929, ndipo njira yoyamba yogwirira ntchito inagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1932 pa bwalo la ndege la Germany Berlin-Tempelhof.

KGS ikadali imodzi mwa njira zotsika mtengo kwambiri. Njira zina, mwachitsanzo, omnidirectional azimuth beacon, beacon ya malo, global positioning system ndi ma satellite navigation systems amaonedwa kuti ndi olakwika chifukwa amangopereka njira yopingasa kapena yokhotakhota. KGS imatengedwa ngati njira yolondola yolumikizirana, chifukwa imapereka njira yopingasa komanso yoyima (njira yolowera). M'zaka zaposachedwapa, machitidwe olakwika akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa. CGS idalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi ma autopilots ndi autolanding system.

Momwe CGS imagwirira ntchito: localizer [localizer], glide slope [glideslope] ndi ma beacons [marker beacon]

CGS ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zofunika. Woyendetsa ndegeyo amauza woyendetsa ndegeyo ngati ndegeyo ili kumanzere kapena kumanja kwa msewu wapakati, ndipo malo otsetsereka amauza woyendetsa ndegeyo ngati mbali yotsikayo ndi yokwera kwambiri kuti ndegeyo iphonye poyambira. Chigawo chachitatu ndi ma beacons olembera. Amakhala ngati zolembera zomwe zimalola woyendetsa ndege kudziwa mtunda wofika panjirayo. Kwa zaka zambiri, asinthidwa kwambiri ndi GPS ndi matekinoloje ena.

The localizer imagwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri a tinyanga, kutulutsa mawu awiri osiyana - imodzi pa 90 Hz, ndi ina pa 150 Hz - komanso pafupipafupi yomwe imaperekedwa ku imodzi mwa mizere yolowera. Miyala ya tinyanga tating'onoting'ono imakhala mbali zonse ziwiri za msewu wonyamukira ndege, nthawi zambiri pambuyo ponyamuka, kotero kuti phokoso lizimveka pamene ndege yotera ili pamwamba pa mzere wapakati wa msewu wonyamukira ndege. Chizindikiro chopatuka chikuwonetsa mzere wolunjika pakati.

Ngati ndege itembenukira kumanja, phokoso la 150 Hz limamveka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa cholozera cholowera kusuntha kumanzere pakati. Ngati ndege itembenukira kumanzere, phokoso la 90 Hz limamveka ndipo cholozera chimasunthira kumanja. Zowona, zowona, sizingalowe m'malo mwa mawonekedwe andege; imapereka njira yowunikira komanso yowunikira. Oyendetsa ndege amangofunika kuyang'ana cholozera kuti ndegeyo ikhale pamwamba pa mzere wapakati.

Njira yotsetsereka imagwira ntchito mofananamo, koma imangosonyeza momwe ndegeyo imatsikira potengera koyambira komwe kumatera. Pamene mbali ya ndegeyo ili yochepa kwambiri, phokoso la 90 Hz limamveka ndipo zida zimasonyeza kuti ndegeyo iyenera kutsika. Kutsika kukakhala chakuthwa kwambiri, chizindikiro cha 150 Hz chimasonyeza kuti ndegeyo ikufunika kuwuluka kwambiri. Ndegeyo ikakhala panjira yolowera pafupifupi madigiri atatu, siginecha imasiya. Tinyanga ziwiri za glide path zili pansanja pamtunda wina wake, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ngodya yotsetsereka yoyenera pa eyapoti inayake. Nthawi zambiri nsanjayi imakhala pafupi ndi malo okhudza mzere.

Wangwiro fake

Ofufuza aku Northeastern University amagwiritsa ntchito ma radio transmitter omwe amapezeka pamalonda. Zipangizozi, zogulitsidwa $400-$600, zimatumiza ma siginecha akunamizira kuti ndi ma sign enieni otumizidwa ndi SSC yaku eyapoti. Wotulutsa wowukirayo amatha kupezeka m'ndege yomwe yawukiridwa komanso pansi, pamtunda wa makilomita 5 kuchokera ku eyapoti. Malingana ngati chizindikiro cha wowukirayo chikuposa mphamvu ya chizindikiro chenichenicho, wolandira wa KGS adzawona chizindikiro cha wowukirayo ndikuwonetsa momwe akulowera kumtunda wolunjika ndi wopingasa wokonzedwa ndi wowukirayo.

Ngati choloweretsacho sichinakonzedwe bwino, woyendetsa ndegeyo awona kusintha kwadzidzidzi kapena kosasinthika pakuwerengera zida, zomwe angalakwitse chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito kwa CGS. Kuti bodzali likhale lovuta kuzindikira, wowukirayo atha kumveketsa bwino komwe ndegeyo ikugwiritsira ntchito ADS-V, njira yomwe sekondi iliyonse imatumiza GPS komwe ndege ili, kutalika kwake, liwiro la pansi, ndi deta ina kumalo osungira pansi ndi zombo zina.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi, wowukira akhoza kuyamba kusokoneza chizindikiro pamene ndege yomwe ikuyandikira yasuntha kumanzere kapena kumanja kwa msewu, ndikutumiza chizindikiro kwa wowukirayo kuti ndegeyo ikupitabe. Nthawi yoyenera kuukira ingakhale pamene ndege yangodutsa kumene, monga momwe zasonyezedwera muvidiyo yachiwonetsero kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyo.

Wowukirayo atha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni yowongolera ma siginecha ndi ma algorithm am'badwo omwe angasinthe mosalekeza chizindikiro choyipa kuti awonetsetse kuti njira yolondola ikugwirizana ndi mayendedwe onse a ndegeyo. Ngakhale wowukirayo alibe luso lopanga chizindikiro chabodza, amatha kusokoneza CGS kwambiri kotero kuti woyendetsa ndegeyo sangadalire kuti itera.

Mtundu umodzi wa spoofing wa chizindikiro umadziwika kuti "shadowing attack." Wowukirayo amatumiza ma siginali okonzedwa mwapadera ndi mphamvu yokulirapo kuposa yochokera ku chowulutsira ndege. Wotumiza wowukira amayenera kutumiza ma watts 20 kuti achite izi. Kuwukira kwazithunzi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwononga chizindikiro.

Shadow Attack

Njira yachiwiri yosinthira chizindikiro imadziwika kuti "kuukira kwa toni imodzi." Ubwino wake ndikuti ndizotheka kutumiza mawu afupipafupi omwewo ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa za KGS yaku eyapoti. Ili ndi zovuta zingapo, mwachitsanzo, wowukirayo ayenera kudziwa ndendende zomwe ndegeyo ili - mwachitsanzo, komwe kuli tinyanga ta CGS.

Kuwukira kwa mawu amodzi

Palibe njira zosavuta

Ofufuza akuti palibe njira yothetsera vuto lachipongwe. Ukadaulo wina wapanyanja—kuphatikiza beacon ya omnidirectional azimuth, beacon ya locator, global positioning system, ndi njira zofananira za satellite navigation — ndi ma siginecha opanda zingwe omwe alibe njira yotsimikizira ndipo motero amatha kuwopseza. Kuphatikiza apo, ma KGS ndi GPS okha ndi omwe angakupatseni chidziwitso panjira yopingasa komanso yoyima.

Mu ntchito yawo, ofufuza analemba:

Zambiri zachitetezo zomwe zimakumana ndi matekinoloje monga ADS-V, Mtengo wa AKARS и Mtengo wa TCAS, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa poyambitsa cryptography. Komabe, cryptography sikhala yokwanira kuletsa kuwukiridwa kwamaloko. Mwachitsanzo, kubisa kwa ma sign a GPS, kofanana ndi ukadaulo wankhondo wankhondo, kumatha kuletsa kuwukira kwachinyengo pamlingo wina wake. Momwemonso, wowukirayo azitha kuwongolera ma siginecha a GPS ndi kuchedwa kwa nthawi komwe akufuna, ndikukwaniritsa malo kapena m'malo mwa nthawi. Kudzoza kumatha kutengedwa kuchokera m'mabuku omwe alipo onena za kuchepetsa kuwukira kwa GPS ndikupanga machitidwe ofanana pamapeto olandila. Njira ina ingakhale kukhazikitsa dongosolo lalikulu lotetezedwa lokhazikika potengera malire a mtunda ndi njira zotsimikizira za kuyandikira. Komabe, izi zimafuna kulumikizana kwanjira ziwiri ndipo zimafunikira kuphunzira mopitilira muyeso, kuthekera, ndi zina.

Bungwe la US Federal Aviation Administration lati linalibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza ziwonetsero za ofufuzawo kuti apereke ndemanga.

Kuukira kumeneku komanso kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku komwe kwachitika ndi kochititsa chidwi, koma funso lalikulu la ntchitoyi silinayankhidwe: Kodi pali mwayi wotani kuti wina angalolere kuchita chiwembu chotere? Zowopsa zina, monga zomwe zimalola kubera kuti akhazikitse pulogalamu yaumbanda pamakompyuta a ogwiritsa ntchito kapena kudutsa njira zodziwika bwino zama encryption, ndizosavuta kupanga ndalama. Izi sizili choncho ndi kuwukira kwa CGS spoofing. Zowukira zomwe zimayika pachiwopsezo pamagetsi othamanga ndi zida zina zachipatala nazonso zikugwera m'gululi.

Ngakhale kuti chisonkhezero cha kuukira koteroko n’chovuta kuchiwona, kungakhale kulakwa kunyalanyaza kuthekera kwawo. MU lipoti, lofalitsidwa mu May ndi C4ADS, bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe limafotokoza za nkhondo zapadziko lonse ndi chitetezo chapakati pa mayiko, linapeza kuti dziko la Russia nthawi zambiri limayesetsa kuyesa kusokoneza kwa GPS komwe kumapangitsa kuti kayendedwe ka sitimayo zisachoke pamtunda wa makilomita 65 kapena kuposerapo [Ndipotu, lipotilo linanena kuti pa kutsegulidwa kwa mlatho wa Crimea (ndiko kuti, osati "nthawi zambiri", koma kamodzi kokha), kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kake Anapa, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 65 (osati mailosi) kuchokera kumalo ano. "Ndipo zonse ndi zoona" (c) / pafupifupi. kumasulira].

Lipotilo linachenjeza kuti: “Boma la Russia lili ndi mwayi woyerekezera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kukulitsa luso lonyenga njira zapamadzi padziko lonse lapansi. "Komabe, kutsika mtengo, kupezeka kotseguka, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje oterowo mosavuta sikungopereka mayiko okha, komanso zigawenga, zigawenga ndi zigawenga zomwe zili ndi mwayi wosokoneza maukonde aboma ndi omwe si aboma."

Ndipo ngakhale kuti CGS spoofing ikuwoneka ngati esoteric mu 2019, sizokayikitsa kuganiza kuti zikhala zofala kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi popeza matekinoloje owukira adzamveka bwino komanso mawayilesi oyendetsedwa ndi mapulogalamu achulukanso. Zowukira ma CGS siziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zibweretse ngozi. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza ma eyapoti monga momwe ndege zosaloledwa zosaloledwa zinapangitsa kutsekedwa kwa Gatwick Airport ku London mu Disembala watha, kutangotsala masiku ochepa Khrisimasi isanachitike, ndi Heathrow Airport patatha milungu itatu.

"Ndalama ndi chimodzi chomwe chimalimbikitsa, koma kuwonetsa mphamvu ndi zina," adatero Ranganathan. - Kuchokera kumbali yodzitchinjiriza, ziwonetserozi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Izi zikuyenera kusamalidwa chifukwa padziko lapansi padzakhala anthu okwanira omwe angafune kusonyeza mphamvu. "

Source: www.habr.com