Mwadzifunsa kuti ndalama zoyendetsera polojekiti yanu zimawononga ndalama zingati. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndizodabwitsa: kukula kwa ndalama sikuli kofanana ndi katundu. Eni mabizinesi ambiri, malo operekera chithandizo ndi opanga madalaivala amamvetsetsa mwachinsinsi kuti akulipira mopitilira muyeso. Koma chifukwa chiyani kwenikweni?
Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wodula umangotsika kuti upeze njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri, dongosolo la AWS, kapena, pankhani ya ma racks akuthupi, kukhathamiritsa kasinthidwe ka Hardware. Osati zokhazo: Ndipotu, aliyense akuchita izi, monga momwe Mulungu amafunira: ngati tikukamba za kuyambika, ndiye kuti mwina ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu yemwe ali ndi mutu wambiri. M'maofesi akuluakulu, izi zimayendetsedwa ndi CMO/CTO, ndipo nthawi zina wotsogolera wamkulu amatenga nawo mbali pankhaniyi pamodzi ndi wowerengera wamkulu. Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi "zofunika" zokwanira. Ndipo zikuwonekeratu kuti ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zikukwera, koma omwe alibe nthawi yothana nazo akulimbana nazo.
Ngati mukufuna kugula mapepala akuchimbudzi ku ofesi, izi zichitidwa ndi woyang'anira katundu kapena munthu wodalirika kuchokera ku kampani yoyeretsa. Ngati tikukamba za chitukuko - kutsogolera ndi CTO. Zogulitsa - zonse zikuwonekeranso. Koma kuyambira masiku akale, pamene "chipinda cha seva" chinali dzina la nduna momwe munali nsanja wamba yokhala ndi RAM yochulukirapo komanso ma hard drive angapo pakuwukira, aliyense (kapena ambiri) amanyalanyaza mfundo yakuti kugula mphamvu kuyenera kuchitidwanso munthu wophunzitsidwa mwapadera.
Tsoka, kukumbukira mbiri yakale ndi zochitika zimasonyeza kuti kwa zaka zambiri ntchitoyi idasinthidwa kwa anthu "mwachisawawa": aliyense amene anali pafupi kwambiri anatenga funsoli. Ndipo posachedwapa ntchito ya FinOps inayamba kupanga msika ndikutenga mawonekedwe a konkire. Uyu ndi munthu yemweyo wophunzitsidwa mwapadera amene ntchito yake ndi kulamulira kugula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ndipo, potsirizira pake, pochepetsa ndalama zamakampani m'derali.
Sitikulimbikitsa kusiya njira zotsika mtengo komanso zogwira mtima: bizinesi iliyonse iyenera kusankha yokha zomwe imafunikira kuti ikhale ndi moyo wabwino potengera mitengo yamitengo ndi mitambo. Koma munthu sangachitire mwina koma kulabadira mfundo yakuti kugula mopanda nzeru "molingana ndi mndandanda" popanda kuyang'anira ndi kusanthula kagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa makampani ambiri pamapeto pake kumabweretsa zotayika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino kwa "katundu" wa backend yawo.
FinOps ndi ndani
Tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi bizinesi yodalirika, yomwe ogulitsa amalankhula za "bizinesi" mopumira. Mwinamwake, "malinga ndi mndandanda" mudagula ma seva khumi ndi awiri kapena awiri, AWS ndi "zinthu zazing'ono" zina. Zomwe zili zomveka: mu kampani yaikulu mtundu wina wa kayendetsedwe kake kakuchitika nthawi zonse - magulu ena amakula, ena amasweka, ena amasamutsidwa kumapulojekiti oyandikana nawo. Ndipo kuphatikiza kwa kayendedwe kameneka, pamodzi ndi njira yogulitsira "mndandanda", pamapeto pake kumabweretsa imvi zatsopano poyang'ana ngongole yotsatira ya mwezi uliwonse.
Ndiye chochita - moleza mtima pitilizani imvi, penti pa izo, kapena kupeza zifukwa zowonekera ziro zowopsa izi pakulipira?
Tiyeni tikhale oona mtima: kuvomereza, kuvomereza ndi kulipira mwachindunji kwa pempho mkati mwa kampani pamtengo wofanana wa AWS si nthawi zonse (kwenikweni, pafupifupi konse) mofulumira. Ndipo ndendende chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka makampani kosalekeza, zina mwazopeza zomwezi zitha "kutaya" kwinakwake. Ndipo n'zosavuta kuyima mopanda ntchito. Ngati woyang'anira watcheru awona choyikapo chopanda mwini wake m'chipinda chake cha seva, ndiye kuti pamitengo yamtambo zonse zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Zitha kusungidwa kwa miyezi - kulipira, koma nthawi yomweyo sizikufunikanso ndi aliyense mu dipatimenti yomwe adagulidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogwira nawo ntchito ku ofesi yotsatira akuyamba kung'amba tsitsi lawo lomwe silinayambe imvi osati pamutu pawo, komanso m'malo ena - sanathe kulipira pafupifupi msonkho wa AWS womwewo pa sabata la nth, lomwe. ndi zofunika kwambiri.
Kodi yankho lodziwikiratu ndi liti? Ndiko kulondola, perekani zingwe kwa osowa, ndipo aliyense amakhala wokondwa. Koma kulumikizana kopingasa sikukhazikika bwino nthawi zonse. Ndipo dipatimenti yachiwiri mwina sangadziwe za chuma choyamba, chomwe chinapezeka kuti sichikusowa kwenikweni chuma ichi.
Ndani ali ndi mlandu pa izi? - Kwenikweni, palibe. Umo ndi momwe zonse zimakhazikitsira pano.
Ndani akuvutika ndi zimenezi? - Ndi zimenezo, kampani yonse.
Ndani angakonze zinthu? - Inde, inde, FinOps.
FinOps sikungokhala wosanjikiza pakati pa omanga ndi zida zomwe amafunikira, koma munthu kapena gulu lomwe lidzadziwe komwe, ndi chiyani komanso momwe "liri" molingana ndi mitengo yamtambo yomwe idagulidwa ndi kampaniyo. M'malo mwake, anthuwa ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi DevOps, mbali imodzi, ndi dipatimenti yazachuma mbali inayo, kusewera ngati mkhalapakati wogwira ntchito komanso, makamaka, wowunika.
Pang'ono za kukhathamiritsa
Mitambo. Zotsika mtengo komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Koma yankho ili limasiya kukhala lotsika mtengo pamene chiwerengero cha ma seva chikufika pawiri kapena katatu. Kuphatikiza apo, mitambo imapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito mautumiki ochulukirachulukira omwe anali osapezeka kale: awa ndi ma database ngati ntchito (Amazon AWS, Azure Database), mapulogalamu opanda seva (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) ndi ena ambiri. Onse ndi ozizira kwambiri chifukwa ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito - kugula ndi kupita, palibe mavuto. Koma mozama kampaniyo ndi ntchito zake zimalowa m'mitambo, CFO imagona kwambiri. Ndipo mwachangu wambiri amasanduka imvi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti ma invoice a mautumiki osiyanasiyana amtambo nthawi zonse amakhala osokoneza kwambiri: pachinthu chimodzi mutha kulandira kufotokozera kwamasamba atatu komwe, komwe komanso momwe ndalama zanu zidapita. Izi, ndithudi, nβzosangalatsa, koma nβzosatheka kuzimvetsa. Komanso, malingaliro athu pankhaniyi ndi kutali ndi okhawo: kuti mutumize maakaunti amtambo kwa anthu, pali mautumiki onse, mwachitsanzo. kapena . Ngati wina akuvutitsa kupanga ntchito yosiyana yowerengera ndalama, ndiye kuti kukula kwa vutoli kwadutsa mtengo wa utoto watsitsi.
Ndiye FinOps amachita chiyani pamenepa:
- amamvetsetsa bwino kuti ndi liti komanso kuchuluka kwanji komwe mayankho amtambo adagulidwa.
- amadziwa momwe izi zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
- amawagawanso malinga ndi zosowa za gulu linalake.
- samagula "kuti zikhale".
- ndipo pamapeto pake, zimakupulumutsani ndalama.
Chitsanzo chabwino ndi kusungirako mitambo kwa kopi yozizira ya database. Mwachitsanzo, kodi mumasunga pankhokwe kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa malo ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zosungirako? Inde, zitha kuwoneka ngati zotsika mtengo - muzochitika zenizeni, koma kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotsika mtengo pambuyo pake kumabweretsa mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa mautumiki amtambo.
Kapena vuto lina: mudagula malo osungira pa AWS kapena Azure kuti musagwere pachimake. Kodi mungatsimikize kuti iyi ndiye njira yabwino koposa? Kupatula apo, ngati izi sizikugwira ntchito 80%, ndiye kuti mukungopereka ndalama ku Amazon. Kuphatikiza apo, pazifukwa zotere, ma AWS omwewo ndi Azure amakhala ndi zochitika zophulika - chifukwa chiyani mumafunikira ma seva osagwira ntchito, ngati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida kuthana ndi mavuto olemetsa kwambiri? Kapena, m'malo mwa zochitika za On Premise, muyenera kuyang'ana ku Reserved - ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo amaperekanso kuchotsera.
Mwa njira, za kuchotsera
Monga tidanenera pachiyambi, kugula nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi aliyense - adapeza womaliza, ndiyeno amazichita yekha. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali otanganidwa kale amakhala "opambanitsa", ndipo chifukwa chake timakhala ndi nthawi yomwe munthu amafulumira komanso mwaluso, koma payekha payekha, amasankha zomwe angagule komanso kuchuluka kwake.
Koma mukamalumikizana ndi wogulitsa kuchokera kumtambo wamtambo, mutha kupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri zikafika pakugula kwakukulu. Zikuwonekeratu kuti simungathe kupeza kuchotsera koteroko m'galimoto ndi kulembetsa mwakachetechete komanso mbali imodzi - koma mutakambirana ndi woyang'anira malonda weniweni, mukhoza kupsa mtima. Kapena anyamatawa angakuuzeni zomwe panopa akuchotsera. Zingakhalenso zothandiza.
Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwala sikunafanane ngati mphero pa AWS kapena Azure. Zachidziwikire, palibe funso lokonzekera chipinda chanu cha seva - koma pali njira zina zothetsera izi kuchokera ku zimphona.
Mwachitsanzo, Google idabweretsa nsanja ya Firebase kumakampani, pomwe atha kuchititsa pulojekiti yomweyo yam'manja panjira, zomwe zingafunike kukulitsa mwachangu. Kusungirako, database yeniyeni, kuchititsa ndi kugwirizanitsa deta yamtambo pogwiritsa ntchito yankho ili monga chitsanzo likupezeka pamalo amodzi.
Kumbali ina, ngati sitikulankhula za polojekiti ya monolithic, koma za kukwanira kwawo, ndiye kuti yankho lapakati silili lopindulitsa nthawi zonse. Ngati pulojekitiyi ndi ya nthawi yayitali, ili ndi mbiri yake yachitukuko komanso kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe ikufunika kuti isungidwe, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuganizira za kuyika kwagawikana.
Mukakonza ndalama zogwirira ntchito zamtambo, mutha kuzindikira mwadzidzidzi kuti pamabizinesi ofunikira mutha kugula mitengo yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe ingapatse kampaniyo ndalama zosasokoneza. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusunga "cholowa" cha chitukuko, zolemba zakale, zolemba, ndi zina zotero mu mitambo yamtengo wapatali ndi yankho. Kupatula apo, pazidziwitso zotere, malo okhazikika a data okhala ndi ma HDD okhazikika komanso zida zapakatikati zopanda mabelu ndi mluzu ndizoyenera.
Apanso, mungaganize kuti "mkangano uwu siwoyenera," koma vuto lonse la bukhuli likuchokera pa mfundo yakuti panthawi zosiyanasiyana anthu omwe ali ndi udindo amanyalanyaza zinthu zing'onozing'ono ndikuchita zomwe ziri zosavuta komanso mofulumira. Zomwe, pamapeto pake, patatha zaka zingapo zimabweretsa nkhani zoopsa kwambiri.
Cholinga chake ndi chiyani?
Kawirikawiri, mitambo imakhala yozizira, imathetsa mavuto ambiri amalonda amtundu uliwonse. Komabe, kwatsopano kwa chodabwitsa ichi kumatanthauza kuti ife tiribebe chikhalidwe cha kudya ndi kasamalidwe. FinOps ndi chida chabungwe chomwe chimakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zamtambo bwino. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusandutsa malowa kukhala analogue ya gulu lowombera mfuti, lomwe ntchito yake idzakhala kugwira omanga osamvetsera ndi dzanja ndi "kuwadzudzula" chifukwa cha nthawi yopuma.
Madivelopa ayenera kupanga, osati kuwerengera ndalama zamakampani. Chifukwa chake FinOps iyenera kupanga zonse zogulira komanso njira yochotsera kapena kusamutsa kuchuluka kwamtambo kumagulu ena kukhala chochitika chosavuta komanso chosangalatsa kwa magulu onse.
Source: www.habr.com