MIT yapanga zomanga za purosesa yatsopano ya Photonic. Idzawonjezera mphamvu ya optical neural network nthawi chikwi poyerekeza ndi zida zofananira.
Chipchi chidzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi data center. Tikuuzani momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
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N'chifukwa chiyani timafunikira zomangamanga zatsopano?
Optical neural network ndi yachangu kuposa njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi. Kuwala kudzipatula kwa njira zowonetsera, ndi mitsinje ya laser imatha kudutsana popanda kukhudzidwa. Mwanjira iyi, njira zonse zowonetsera zimatha kugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimalola kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zotumizira deta.
Koma pali vuto - kukula kwa neural network kumawononga mphamvu zambiri. Kuti athetse vutoli, tchipisi tapadera ta accelerator (AI accelerators) akupangidwa omwe amathandizira kusamutsa deta. Komabe, sizimakula bwino momwe timafunira.
Vuto lakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi komanso makulitsidwe a tchipisi chowoneka bwino linathetsedwa ku MIT ndi kamangidwe katsopano ka Photonic accelerator komwe kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa chipangizocho nthawi chikwi ndikugwira ntchito ndi ma neuroni mamiliyoni makumi ambiri. Okonzawo amanena kuti m'tsogolomu teknoloji idzapeza ntchito m'malo opangira deta omwe amalumikizana ndi machitidwe ovuta anzeru ndi makina ophunzirira makina, komanso kusanthula deta yaikulu.
Kodi iye ndi wotani?
Chip chatsopanocho chimamangidwa pamaziko a optoelectronic circuit. Zomwe zimafalitsidwa zimasungidwabe ndi ma siginecha owoneka bwino, koma kuzindikira koyenera kwa homodyne kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchulutsa kwa matrix (). Iyi ndi njira yomwe imakulolani kuti mupange chizindikiro chamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito awiri optical.
Njira imodzi yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa ma pulse okhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza ma neuron olowetsa ndi kutuluka. Zambiri pazolemera za ma neuron, m'malo mwake, zimabwera kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana. Onsewo "amapatukana" ku mfundo za gululi ya ma homodyne photodetectors, omwe amawerengera mtengo wotuluka pa neuron iliyonse (onani kuchuluka kwa siginecha). Izi zimatumizidwa ku modulator, yomwe imatembenuza chizindikiro chamagetsi kubwerera ku kuwala. Kenaka, imatumizidwa ku gawo lotsatira la neural network ndipo ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa.
Mu ntchito yawo yasayansi, mainjiniya ochokera ku MIT chithunzi chotsatira cha wosanjikiza umodzi:
Chithunzi: / CC BY
Zomangamanga zatsopano za AI zimafuna cholowera chimodzi chokha ndi njira imodzi yotulutsa pa neuron iliyonse. Chotsatira chake, chiwerengero cha photodetectors chikufanana ndi chiwerengero cha neurons, osati ma coefficients awo olemera.
Njirayi imakulolani kuti musunge malo pa chip, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha njira zowonetsera zothandiza ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Tsopano mainjiniya ochokera ku MIT akupanga chithunzi chomwe chidzayesa luso lazomangamanga zatsopanozo.
Ndani winanso akupanga tchipisi tofotokoka?
Kukula kwaukadaulo wofananira Lightelligence ndikuyambira pang'ono ku Boston. Ogwira ntchito kukampani amati chowonjezera chawo cha AI chimalola kuthetsa mavuto ophunzirira makina mwachangu kwambiri kuposa zida zakale. Chaka chatha, gululi linkamaliza kupanga chithunzi cha chipangizo chawo ndikukonzekera kuyesa.
Amagwira ntchito m'munda wa tchipisi tazithunzi ndi Cisco. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka kampaniyo idalengeza yoyambitsa Luxtera, yomwe imapanga tchipisi tazithunzi zama data. Makamaka, kampaniyo imapanga mawonekedwe a hardware omwe amakulolani kuti mugwirizane ndi ma fiber optics mwachindunji kumaseva. Njirayi imawonjezera mphamvu ya maukonde ndikufulumizitsa kusamutsa deta. Zipangizo za Luxtera zimagwiritsa ntchito ma laser apadera kuti alembe zambiri ndi ma germanium photodetectors kuti azitha kuzilemba.
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Makampani ena akuluakulu a IT, monga Intel, amakhalanso ndi matekinoloje a kuwala. Kubwerera ku 2016, adayamba kupanga tchipisi tawo tomwe timakulitsa kusamutsa kwa data pakati pa ma data. Posachedwapa, oimira bungwe kuti akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito matekinolojewa kunja kwa malo opangira deta - mu lidars zamagalimoto odziyendetsa okha.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi chiyani
Pakalipano, matekinoloje a photonic sangathe kutchedwa yankho la chilengedwe chonse. Kukhazikitsa kwawo kumafuna ndalama zambiri pakukonzanso zida zama data. Koma zomwe zikuchitika ku MIT ndi mabungwe ena zipangitsa kuti tchipisi tating'ono ting'onoting'ono zikhala zotsika mtengo ndipo zitha kulola kuti akwezedwe pamsika wamsika wazida za data center.
Tili mkati Timathandizira makampani kupanga zomangamanga za IT ndikupereka ntchito zapadera komanso zosakanizidwa zamtambo. Izi ndi zomwe timalemba patsamba lathu lamakampani:
Source: www.habr.com