State of DevOps ku Russia 2020

Kodi mumamvetsetsa bwanji momwe zinthu zilili?

Mutha kudalira malingaliro anu, opangidwa kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana azidziwitso, mwachitsanzo, zofalitsa patsamba kapena zochitika. Mutha kufunsa anzanu, mabwenzi. Njira ina ndiyo kuyang'ana mitu yamisonkhano: komiti ya pulogalamuyo ndi oimira ogwira ntchito zamakampani, kotero timawakhulupirira posankha mitu yoyenera. Malo osiyana ndi kafukufuku ndi malipoti. Koma pali vuto. Kafukufuku wokhudza boma la DevOps amachitika chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi, malipoti amafalitsidwa ndi makampani akunja, ndipo palibe zambiri zokhudza Russian DevOps.

Koma tsiku lafika pamene phunziro loterolo linachitidwa, ndipo lero tidzakuuzani za zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa. Boma la DevOps ku Russia linaphunziridwa limodzi ndi makampani "Express 42"Ndipo"Ontiko" Kampani ya Express 42 imathandiza makampani aukadaulo kukhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa machitidwe ndi zida za DevOps ndipo anali m'modzi mwa oyamba kuyankhula za DevOps ku Russia. Olemba a phunziroli, Igor Kurochkin ndi Vitaly Khabarov, akugwira ntchito kusanthula ndi kufunsira ku Express 42, ali ndi luso lochokera kuntchito ndi zochitika m'makampani osiyanasiyana. Kwa zaka 8, ogwira nawo ntchito adayang'ana makampani ambiri ndi ntchito - kuyambira oyambitsa mpaka mabizinesi - ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, komanso kukhwima kwa chikhalidwe ndi uinjiniya.

Mu lipoti lawo, Igor ndi Vitaly anafotokoza mavuto omwe analipo panthawi ya kafukufuku, momwe adawathetsera, komanso momwe kafukufuku wa DevOps amachitira ndi chifukwa chake Express 42 inaganiza zopanga zawo. Mutha kuwona lipoti lawo apa.

Kafukufuku wa DevOps

Igor Kurochkin anayamba kukambirana.

Nthawi zonse timafunsa omvera pamisonkhano ya DevOps: "Kodi mwawerenga lipoti la State of DevOps lachaka chino?" Ochepa okha akukweza manja awo, koma kafukufuku wathu anasonyeza kuti ndi wachitatu yekha kuphunzira iwo. Ngati simunawonepo malipoti otere, tiyeni tinene nthawi yomweyo kuti onse ndi ofanana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mawu ngati: "Poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha ..."

Apa tili ndi vuto loyamba, ndipo pambuyo pake ena awiri:

1. Tilibe deta ya chaka chatha. Palibe amene ali ndi chidwi ndi dziko la DevOps ku Russia;
2. Njira. Sizidziwikiratu momwe mungayesere malingaliro, momwe mungamangire mafunso, momwe mungasankhire, yerekezerani zotsatira, kupeza kugwirizana;
3. Terminology. Malipoti onse ali mu Chingerezi, kumasulira kumafunikira, chimango chofanana cha DevOps sichinapangidwe ndipo aliyense amabwera ndi zake.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe kusanthula kwa boma la DevOps kwachitika padziko lonse lapansi.

Mbiri Yakale

Kafukufuku wa DevOps wachitika kuyambira 2011. Woyamba kuwatsogolera anali Puppet, wopanga masinthidwe kasamalidwe kachitidwe. Panthawiyo, chinali chimodzi mwa zida zazikulu zofotokozera zomangamanga mu mawonekedwe a code. Mpaka chaka cha 2013, maphunzirowa anali ofufuza mosatseka komanso opanda malipoti a anthu.

Mu 2013, IT Revolution idawonekera, wosindikiza mabuku onse akuluakulu pa DevOps. Pamodzi ndi Puppet, adakonza zofalitsa zoyamba "State of DevOps", pomwe ma metric ofunikira a 4 adawonekera koyamba. Chaka chotsatira, kampani yofunsira ya ThoughtWorks, yomwe imadziwika ndi makina ake aukadaulo wanthawi zonse pamachitidwe ndi zida zamakampani, idatenga nawo gawo. Ndipo mu 2015, gawo lokhala ndi njira lidawonjezedwa, ndipo zidadziwika momwe amawunikira.

Mu 2016, olemba maphunzirowa, atapanga kampani yawo DORA (DevOps Research and Assessment), adafalitsa lipoti la pachaka. Chaka chotsatira, DORA ndi Puppet anapereka lipoti lawo lomaliza la mgwirizano.

Kenako zinthu zidakhala zosangalatsa:

Mu 2018, makampani adagawanika ndipo malipoti awiri odziyimira pawokha adatulutsidwa: imodzi kuchokera ku Puppet, yachiwiri kuchokera ku DORA mogwirizana ndi Google. DORA idapitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zake ndi ma metrics ofunikira, mbiri yantchito ndi machitidwe aumisiri omwe amakhudza ma metric ndi magwiridwe antchito pakampani yonse. Ndipo Chidole chinapereka njira yake ndi kufotokozera za ndondomekoyi ndi kusinthika kwa DevOps. Koma nkhaniyi siinagwirepo; mu 2019, Puppet adasiya njira iyi ndikutulutsa malipoti atsopano, momwe adalembamo machitidwe ofunikira komanso momwe amakhudzira DevOps momwe amawonera. Kenako chinthu china chinachitika: Google idagula DORA, ndipo pamodzi adatulutsa lipoti lina. Mwina mwaonapo.

Chaka chino zinthu zinafika povuta. Zimadziwika kuti Puppet adayambitsa kafukufuku wake. Iwo anachita izo patatsala sabata imodzi kuposa ife, ndipo izo zinamalizidwa kale. Tinatenga nawo mbali m’nkhaniyi ndi kuona nkhani zimene zinawasangalatsa. Chidole tsopano chikusanthula ndikukonzekera kufalitsa lipotilo.

Koma palibe kulengeza kuchokera ku DORA ndi Google. M'mwezi wa Meyi, kafukufukuyu atayamba nthawi zambiri, zidadziwika kuti Nicole Forsgren, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa DORA, adasamukira kukampani ina. Choncho, tinkaganiza kuti sipadzakhala kafukufuku ndi lipoti kuchokera ku DORA chaka chino.

Kodi zinthu zili bwanji ku Russia?

Sitinachite kafukufuku pa DevOps. Tidalankhula pamisonkhano, kubwereza zomwe anthu ena adaganiza, ndipo Raiffeisenbank adamasulira "State of DevOps" ya 2019 (mutha kupeza chilengezo chawo pa Habré), zikomo kwambiri kwa iwo. Ndipo ndizo zonse.

Chifukwa chake, tidachita kafukufuku wathu ku Russia pogwiritsa ntchito njira za DORA ndi zomwe tapeza. Tidagwiritsa ntchito lipoti la anzathu aku Raiffeisenbank pakufufuza kwathu, kuphatikiza kugwirizanitsa mawu ndi kumasulira. Ndipo mafunso okhudzana ndi mafakitale adatengedwa kuchokera ku malipoti a DORA ndi mafunso a Zidole a chaka chino.

Njira yofufuzira

Lipotilo ndi gawo lomaliza chabe. Kafukufuku yense ali ndi njira zinayi zazikulu:

Pa gawo lokonzekera, tidafunsa akatswiri amakampani ndikukonza mndandanda wamalingaliro. Pamaziko awo, mafunso adapangidwa ndipo kafukufuku adayambitsidwa mu Ogasiti wonse. Kenako tinasanthula ndi kukonza lipoti lokha. Kwa DORA, izi zimatenga miyezi 6. Tinakumana mkati mwa miyezi itatu, ndipo tsopano tikumva kuti tinalibe nthawi yokwanira: pongopanga kafukufukuyo ndiye kuti mumamvetsetsa mafunso omwe muyenera kufunsa.

ophunzira

Malipoti onse akunja amayamba ndi chithunzi cha omwe akutenga nawo mbali, ndipo ambiri aiwo si ochokera ku Russia. Chiwerengero cha anthu aku Russia omwe amafunsidwa chimasintha kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 1% chaka ndi chaka, ndipo izi sizimatilola kuganiza.

Mapu kuchokera ku lipoti la Accelerate State of DevOps 2019:

Mu kafukufuku wathu, tidatha kufunsa anthu 889 - izi ndizambiri (DoRA imafufuza pafupifupi anthu chikwi chaka chilichonse m'malipoti ake) ndipo apa takwaniritsa cholinga chathu:

Zowona, si onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo adafika kumapeto: gawo lomaliza linali locheperapo theka. Koma izi zinali zokwanira kupeza chitsanzo choyimira ndi kusanthula khalidwe. DORA sikuwulula mitengo ya anthu m'malipoti ake, kotero kufananiza sikungapangidwe apa.

Mafakitale ndi maudindo

Omwe adayankha akuyimira mafakitale khumi ndi awiri. Ntchito theka muukadaulo wazidziwitso. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi ntchito zandalama, malonda, matelefoni ndi zina. Mwa maudindo ndi akatswiri (opanga mapulogalamu, oyesa, mainjiniya ogwirira ntchito) ndi oyang'anira (atsogoleri amagulu, magulu, madera, owongolera):

Munthu wachiwiri aliyense amagwira ntchito kukampani yapakatikati. Munthu wachitatu aliyense amagwira ntchito m'makampani akuluakulu. Ambiri amagwira ntchito m'magulu a anthu 9. Payokha, tidafunsa za ntchito zazikuluzikulu, ndipo ambiri amakhudzana ndi ntchitoyi, ndipo pafupifupi 40% ikuchita chitukuko:

Umu ndi momwe tidasonkhanitsira zidziwitso zofananira ndikuwunika oyimira mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makampani, ndi magulu. Mnzanga Vitaly Khabarov adzakuuzani za kusanthula.

Kusanthula ndi kuyerekeza

Vitaly Khabarov: Zikomo kwambiri kwa onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo omwe adamaliza kafukufuku wathu, adadzaza mafunso ndikutipatsa deta kuti tiwunikenso ndikuyesa malingaliro athu. Ndipo chifukwa cha makasitomala athu ndi makasitomala, tili ndi zambiri zomwe zatithandiza kuzindikira zovuta zamakampani ndikupanga malingaliro omwe tidayesa mu kafukufuku wathu.

Tsoka ilo, simungangotenga mndandanda wa mafunso kumbali imodzi ndi deta kumbali inayo, mukufanizirana nawo, kunena kuti: "Inde, chirichonse chimagwira ntchito monga choncho, tinali olondola" ndikupita njira zathu zosiyana. Ayi, timafunikira njira ndi njira zowerengera kuti titsimikize kuti sitinalakwitse komanso kuti zomwe tapeza ndi zodalirika. Kenako titha kupanga ntchito yathu yowonjezera potengera izi:

Ma Metrics Ofunika

Tidatenga njira ya DORA ngati maziko, omwe adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m'buku la "Accelerate State of DevOps." Tidayang'ana ngati ma metric ofunikira ndi oyenera msika waku Russia, kaya angagwiritsidwe ntchito mofanana ndi momwe DORA imagwiritsira ntchito kuyankha funso: "Kodi makampani aku Russia amagwirizana bwanji ndi makampani akunja?"

Ma metrics ofunikira:

1. Kutumiza pafupipafupi. Kodi kangati mtundu watsopano wa pulogalamu umatumizidwa kumalo opangira (zosintha zokonzedwa, osaphatikiza zosintha ndi zomwe zachitika)?
2. Nthawi yoperekera. Ndi nthawi yanji pakati pa kupanga kusintha (kulemba ntchito ngati ma code) ndi kutumiza kusintha kumalo opangira?
3. Nthawi yochira. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kubwezeretsa pulogalamu pamalo opangira zinthu zitachitika, kuwonongeka kwa ntchito, kapena kuzindikira cholakwika chomwe chimakhudza ogwiritsa ntchito?
4. Kusintha kosatheka. Kodi ndi kuchuluka kotani kwazomwe zimatumizidwa pamalo opangira zinthu zomwe zimadzetsa kuwonongeka kwa ntchito kapena zochitika zomwe zimafunikira kuti zotsatira zake zichotsedwe (kubweza kusintha, kupanga hotfix kapena chigamba)?

DORA mu kafukufuku wake wapeza kugwirizana pakati pa ma metrics ndi machitidwe a bungwe. Timayesanso mu phunziro lathu.

Koma kuti muwonetsetse kuti ma metrics anayi ofunikira amatha kukhudza china chake, muyenera kumvetsetsa - kodi amalumikizana mwanjira ina? DORA idayankha motsimikiza ndi chenjezo limodzi: ubale pakati pa zosintha zosachita bwino (Sinthani Kulephera Kwambiri) ndi ma metrics ena atatu ndi ofooka pang'ono. Ife tiri nazo za chithunzi chomwecho. Ngati nthawi yobweretsera, nthawi yotumizira, ndi nthawi yobwezeretsa zimagwirizana wina ndi mzake (tinakhazikitsa mgwirizanowu kudzera mu mgwirizano wa Pearson ndi kupyolera mu sikelo ya Chaddock), ndiye kuti palibe mgwirizano wamphamvu woterewu ndi kusintha kosatheka.

M'malo mwake, ambiri omwe amafunsidwa amakonda kuyankha kuti ali ndi zochitika zochepa zomwe zimachitika popanga. Ngakhale kuti tidzawona pambuyo pake kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu a anthu omwe anafunsidwa pa mlingo wa kusintha kosatheka, sitingathe kugwiritsa ntchito metric iyi pagawoli.

Tikunena izi chifukwa (monga momwe zidakhalira pakuwunika ndi kulumikizana ndi ena mwa makasitomala athu) pali kusiyana pang'ono pamalingaliro azomwe zimawonedwa ngati chochitika. Ngati tidatha kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito athu pawindo laukadaulo, kodi izi zitha kuwonedwa ngati chochitika? Mwina ayi, chifukwa tinakonza zonse, ndife opambana. Kodi tingachione ngati chochitika tikadayenera kulembetsanso ntchito zathu ka 10 m'njira yodziwika bwino kwa ife? Zikuoneka kuti ayi. Chifukwa chake, funso la ubale wakusintha kosapambana ndi ma metric ena amakhalabe lotseguka. Tiwuyenganso kwambiri.

Chofunika apa ndikuti tapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa nthawi yobweretsera, nthawi yochira, komanso kuchuluka kwa kutumiza. Chifukwa chake, tidatenga ma metric atatuwa kuti tipitirize kugawa omwe adafunsidwa m'magulu ochita bwino.

Kodi mungayeze bwanji magalamu?

Tinagwiritsa ntchito hierarchical cluster analysis:

• Timagawa oyankha pa malo a n-dimensional, pomwe mgwirizano wa woyankha aliyense ndi mayankho awo ku mafunso.
• Timalengeza kuti aliyense woyankha ndi gulu laling'ono.
• Timagwirizanitsa masango awiri omwe ali pafupi kwambiri wina ndi mzake kukhala gulu limodzi lalikulu.
• Timapeza magulu otsatirawa ndikuwaphatikiza kukhala gulu lalikulu.

Umu ndi momwe timagawira oyankha athu onse m'magulu omwe tikufuna. Mothandizidwa ndi dendrogram (mtengo wolumikizana pakati pa masango), tikuwona mtunda wapakati pamagulu awiri oyandikana nawo. Chomwe chatsalira kwa ife ndikuika malire a mtunda wina wake pakati pa maguluwo ndi kunena: “Magulu awiriwa ngosiyana ndithu, chifukwa mtunda wapakati pawo ngwaukulu.

Koma pali vuto lobisika apa: tilibe zoletsa pa kuchuluka kwamagulu - titha kupeza masango 2, 3, 4, 10. Ndipo lingaliro loyamba linali - bwanji osagawaniza onse omwe anatiyankha m'magulu anayi, monga momwe DORA imachitira. Koma tidapeza kuti kusiyana kwa maguluwa kumakhala kocheperako, ndipo sitingatsimikizire kuti woyankhayo ndi wa gulu lake osati la mnansi. Sitingathebe kugawa msika waku Russia m'magulu anayi. Chifukwa chake, tidakhazikika pamitundu itatu, yomwe pali kusiyana kwakukulu:

Kenako, tidatsimikiza mbiriyo ndi magulu: tidatenga wapakati pa metric iliyonse pagulu lililonse ndikupanga tebulo lambiri zamachitidwe. M'malo mwake, tapeza mbiri ya otenga nawo mbali pagulu lililonse. Tapeza mbiri yabwino: Yotsika, Yapakatikati, Yapamwamba:

Apa tidatsimikizira malingaliro athu kuti ma metric ofunikira a 4 ndi oyenera kudziwa momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndipo amagwira ntchito kumisika yakumadzulo ndi yaku Russia. Pali kusiyana pakati pa magulu ndipo ndizofunika kwambiri. Ndikugogomezera kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mbiri ya machitidwe malinga ndi ma metric a kusintha kosatheka malinga ndi chiwerengero, ngakhale kuti poyamba sitinagawanitse ofunsidwawo ndi chizindikiro ichi.

Ndiye funso limadza: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zonsezi?

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito

Ngati titenga gulu lililonse, ma metric ofunikira 4 ndikuyika patebulo, ndiye kuti mu 85% yamilandu sitipeza machesi athunthu - awa ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali, osati zomwe zili zenizeni. Ndife tonse (ndi gulu lirilonse) ndife osiyana pang'ono.

Tidayang'ana: tidatenga omwe adatiyankha ndi mbiri yantchito ya DORA, ndikuyang'ana kuti ndi angati omwe adayankha akugwirizana ndi izi kapena mbiriyo. Tidapeza kuti 16% yokha ya omwe adafunsidwa adagwera m'modzi mwambiri. Ena onse amwazikana penapake pakati:

Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbiri yabwino imakhala ndi malire. Kuti mumvetse komwe muli pakuyerekeza koyamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo ili: "O, zikuwoneka kuti tayandikira Pakatikati kapena Pamwamba!" Ngati mumvetsetsa komwe mungapite, izi zitha kukhala zokwanira. Koma ngati cholinga chanu chimakhala chokhazikika, kuwongolera mosalekeza, ndipo mukufuna kudziwa zambiri momwe mungapangire ndi choti muchite, ndiye kuti ndalama zowonjezera zimafunikira. Tinazitcha ma calculator:

• DORA Calculator
• Calculator Express 42* (ikukula)
• Kukula kwanu (mutha kupanga chowerengera chanu chamkati).

Kodi amafunikira chiyani? Kuti mumvetse:

• Kodi gulu m'gulu lathu limakwaniritsa zomwe tikufuna?
• Ngati sichoncho, kodi tingamuthandize - kufulumizitsa mkati mwa ukadaulo womwe kampani yathu ili nawo?
• Ngati ndi choncho, kodi tingachite bwino kwambiri?

Mutha kuwagwiritsanso ntchito kusonkhanitsa ziwerengero mkati mwakampani:

• Tili ndi matimu otani?
• Gawani magulu kukhala mbiri;
• Onani: O, maguluwa sachita bwino (pang'ono pang'ono), koma awa ndi abwino: amatumiza tsiku lililonse, popanda zolakwika, nthawi yawo yotsogolera ndi yosakwana ola limodzi.

Kenako mutha kudziwa kuti mkati mwa kampani yathu tili ndi ukadaulo wofunikira ndi zida zamagulu omwe akuperewerabe.

Kapena, ngati mumvetsetsa kuti mumamva bwino mkati mwa kampaniyo, kuti ndinu abwino kuposa ambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuyang'ana mokulirapo. Izi ndizochita zamakampani aku Russia: titha kupeza ukadaulo wofunikira mumakampani aku Russia kuti tifulumizitse tokha? Chowerengera cha Express 42 chithandiza apa (ikupangidwa). Ngati mwadutsa msika waku Russia, ndiye yang'anani DORA Calculator ndi msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Chabwino. Ndipo ngati muli mu gulu la Elit molingana ndi chowerengera cha DORA, ndiye muyenera kuchita chiyani? Palibe yankho labwino apa. Ndinu omwe muli patsogolo pamakampani, ndipo kuthamangitsa kwina ndi kudalirika kumatheka kudzera mu R&D yamkati ndikuwononga ndalama zambiri.

Tiyeni tipitirire ku chokoma kwambiri - kufanizitsa.

Kuyerekeza

Poyamba tinkafuna kufananiza makampani aku Russia ndi mafakitale aku Western. Tikayerekeza mwachindunji, tikuwona kuti tili ndi mbiri yocheperako, ndipo amasakanikirana pang'ono wina ndi mzake, malirewo ndi osowa kwambiri:

Otsatira athu a Elite amabisika pakati pa Ochita masewera apamwamba, koma alipo - awa ndi osankhika, a unicorn omwe afika pamtunda waukulu. Ku Russia, kusiyana pakati pa Elite ndi High mbiri sikunakhale kokwanira. Tikuganiza kuti m'tsogolomu kugawanikaku kudzachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha uinjiniya, kukhazikitsidwa kwa machitidwe a uinjiniya ndi ukadaulo m'makampani.

Ngati tipitiliza kufananizira mwachindunji mkati mwa makampani aku Russia, titha kuwona kuti magulu a High profile ali bwino m'mbali zonse. Tidatsimikiziranso malingaliro athu kuti pali ubale pakati pa ma metrics ndi magwiridwe antchito abungwe: Magulu apamwamba amakhala ndi mwayi wongokwaniritsa zolinga, komanso kupitilira.
Tiyeni tikhale matimu apamwamba ndipo tisayime pamenepo:

Koma chaka chino ndi chapadera, ndipo tidaganiza zoyang'ana momwe makampani akukhala muvutoli: Magulu apamwamba amalimbana bwino ndikumva bwino kuposa momwe amagwirira ntchito:

• Zatsopano zidatulutsidwa 1,5-2 nthawi zambiri,
• Kuchulukitsa kudalirika komanso / kapena magwiridwe antchito azinthu zogwiritsira ntchito ka 2 nthawi zambiri.

Ndiko kuti, luso lomwe anali nalo kale lidawathandiza kukula mwachangu, kuyambitsa zatsopano, kusintha zinthu zomwe zilipo, potero kugonjetsa misika yatsopano ndi ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano:

Chinanso chathandiza matimu athu ndi chiyani?

Zochita zauinjiniya

Ndikufotokozerani za zomwe zapezedwa pazochita zilizonse zomwe tafufuza. Mwina china chake chathandizira magulu, koma tikukamba za DevOps. Ndipo mkati mwa DevOps, tikuwona kusiyana pakati pamagulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Platform ngati Service

Sitinapeze ubale wofunikira pakati pa zaka za nsanja ndi mbiri ya gulu: Mapulatifomu adawonekera pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo kwa magulu apansi ndi apamwamba. Koma chomalizachi, nsanja imapereka pafupifupi mautumiki ochulukirapo komanso njira zambiri zamapulogalamu kuti ziwongolere kudzera pamakhodi apulogalamu. Ndipo magulu a pulatifomu amatha kuthandiza opanga ndi magulu awo kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja, amatha kuthetsa mavuto awo ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi nsanja, ndi kuphunzitsa magulu ena.

Infrastructure ngati code

Chilichonse apa ndi chokhazikika. Tapeza ubale pakati pa makina opangira ma code a zomangamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zomwe zimasungidwa mkati mwazosungirako. Magulu odziwika bwino amasunga zambiri m'malo osungira: izi zikuphatikiza masanjidwe a zomangamanga, mapaipi a CI/CD, makonda a chilengedwe ndi magawo omanga. Amasunga izi pafupipafupi, amagwira ntchito bwino ndi ma code a zomangamanga, ndipo amakhala ndi njira zambiri ndi ntchito zogwirira ntchito ndi ma code a zomangamanga.

Chochititsa chidwi, sitinawone kusiyana kwakukulu pamayesero a zomangamanga. Ndikunena izi chifukwa chakuti magulu a High profile nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma test automation. Mwina sayenera kusokonezedwa padera ndi mayeso a zomangamanga, koma mayeso omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti ayang'ane mapulogalamu ndi okwanira, ndipo chifukwa cha iwo amatha kuwona zomwe adasweka.

Kuphatikiza ndi kutumiza

Gawo lotopetsa kwambiri, chifukwa tidatsimikizira: mukakhala ndi zodziwikiratu, mukamagwirira ntchito bwino ndi code, mutha kupeza zotsatira zabwino.

zomangamanga

Tinkafuna kuwona momwe ma microservices amakhudzira magwiridwe antchito. Kunena zowona, iwo satero, popeza kugwiritsa ntchito ma microservices sikukugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro zogwira mtima. Ma Microservices amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu onse a High ndi Low.

Koma chomwe chili chofunikira ndichakuti kwa Magulu Apamwamba, kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka microservice kumawalola kupanga pawokha ntchito zawo ndikuzitulutsa. Ngati zomangamanga zimalola opanga kuti azichita zinthu modziyimira pawokha, osadikirira wina wakunja kwa gululo, ndiye kuti ichi ndiye chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonjezera liwiro. Apa ndipamene ma microservices amathandiza. Koma kukhazikitsidwa kwawo sikukhala ndi gawo lalikulu.

Tinazipeza bwanji zonsezi?

Tinali ndi dongosolo lofuna kutengera njira ya DORA, koma tinalibe zothandizira. Ngati DORA imagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri zothandizira ndipo phunziroli linawatengera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, tinachititsa phunziro lathu posakhalitsa. Tinkafuna kupanga chitsanzo cha DevOps monga momwe DORA imachitira, ndipo tidzatero mtsogolomu. Pakadali pano timangotengera mamapu otentha:

Tidayang'ana kugawidwa kwa machitidwe a uinjiniya m'magulu onse mu mbiri iliyonse ndipo tidapeza kuti magulu a High profile, pafupifupi, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za izi mu athu lipoti.

Kuti tisinthe, tiyeni tisinthe kuchoka ku ziwerengero zovuta kupita ku zosavuta.

Kodi tapezanso chiyani?

Zida

Timawona kuti malamulo ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi OS ya banja la Linux. Koma Windows idakalipobe - pafupifupi kotala la omwe adatiyankha adawona kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi kapena wina. Zikuwoneka kuti msika uli ndi chosowa ichi. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukulitsa lusoli ndikupereka zowonetsera pamisonkhano.

Pakati pa oimba, sichinsinsi kwa aliyense, Kubernetes akutsogolera (52%). Wotsatira pamzere woyimba ndi Docker Swarm (pafupifupi 12%). Makina odziwika kwambiri a CI ndi Jenkins ndi GitLab. Dongosolo lodziwika bwino loyang'anira masinthidwe ndi Ansible, kutsatiridwa ndi Shell yathu yomwe timakonda.

Pakati pa omwe amapereka mtambo, Amazon pakali pano ili paudindo wotsogola. Gawo la mitambo yaku Russia likuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Chaka chamawa zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuona momwe operekera mitambo aku Russia adzamvera komanso ngati gawo lawo la msika lidzawonjezeka. Zilipo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ndizabwino:

Ndikudutsa pansi kwa Igor, yemwe adzapereka ziwerengero zina.

Kufalikira kwa machitidwe

Igor Kurochkin: Payokha, tidafunsa omwe adayankha kuti awonetse momwe njira zamaukadaulo zimagawidwira mukampani. Makampani ambiri ali ndi njira zosakanikirana zomwe zimakhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo mapulojekiti oyendetsa ndege ndi otchuka kwambiri. Tinawonanso kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa mbiri. Oimira a High Profile nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha "Initiative from below", pamene magulu ang'onoang'ono a akatswiri amasintha njira zogwirira ntchito, zida, ndikugawana zomwe zikuchitika bwino ndi magulu ena. Pa Medium, iyi ndi njira yopita pansi yomwe imakhudza kampani yonse popanga madera ndi malo ochita bwino:

Agile ndi DevOps

Ubale pakati pa Agile ndi DevOps nthawi zambiri umakambidwa pamsika. Funsoli likufunsidwanso mu State of Agile Report ya 2019/2020, kotero tinaganiza zofanizira momwe ntchito za Agile ndi DevOps m'makampani zimayenderana. Tapeza kuti DevOps yopanda Agile ndiyosowa. Kwa theka la omwe adafunsidwa, kufalikira kwa Agile kudayamba kale, ndipo pafupifupi 20% adawona kuyambika nthawi imodzi, ndipo chimodzi mwazizindikiro za Low profile kudzakhala kusowa kwa machitidwe a Agile ndi DevOps:

Command topology

Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha bukuli "Topology ya timu", yomwe ikupereka dongosolo lofotokozera mitu yamagulu. Tidadabwa ngati zingagwire ntchito kumakampani aku Russia. Ndipo tidafunsa funso: "Mukuwona mawonekedwe otani?"

Magulu a zomangamanga amawonedwa mu theka la omwe adafunsidwa, komanso magulu osiyana siyana a chitukuko, kuyesa ndi ntchito. Magulu Osiyana a DevOps adazindikira 45%, omwe oimira High ndi ofala kwambiri. Chotsatira pamabwera magulu osiyanasiyana, omwe amapezekanso kwambiri ku High. Malamulo Opatukana a SRE amawonekera mu Mbiri Yapamwamba, Yapakatikati ndipo samawoneka kawirikawiri pazithunzi Zochepa:

Mtengo wa DevQaOps

Tidawona funsoli pa FaceBook kuchokera kwa mtsogoleri wa gulu la gulu la nsanja ya Skyeng - anali ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa opanga, oyesa ndi oyang'anira m'makampani. Tidafunsa ndikuyang'ana mayankho kutengera mbiri: Oimira apamwamba amakhala ndi mainjiniya ochepa oyesa ndi magwiridwe antchito kwa wopanga aliyense:

Mapulani a 2021

M'mapulani a chaka chamawa, omwe adafunsidwa adawona izi:

Apa mutha kuwona mphambano ndi msonkhano wa DevOps Live 2020. Tidawunikanso pulogalamuyi mosamala:

• Zomangamanga ngati chinthu
• Kusintha kwa DevOps
• Kugawa machitidwe a DevOps
• Chidwi
• Makalabu amilandu ndi zokambirana

Koma nkhani yathu sidzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yofotokoza mitu yonse. Kumbuyo kwa mawonekedwe:

• Platform ngati ntchito komanso ngati chinthu;
• Zomangamanga monga ma code, malo ndi mitambo;
• Kuphatikiza kosalekeza ndi kutumiza;
• Zomangamanga;
• Zithunzi za DevSecOps;
• Mapulatifomu ndi magulu osiyanasiyana.

Nenani tili ndi masamba ochulukirapo, 50, ndipo mutha kuwona mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuphatikizidwa

Tikukhulupirira kuti kafukufuku wathu ndi lipoti lathu zikulimbikitsani kuyesa njira zatsopano zopangira chitukuko, kuyesa, ndi magwiridwe antchito, komanso kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi chidwi, kudzifananiza ndi ena mu kafukufukuyu, ndikuzindikira madera omwe mungawongolere njira zanu. .

Zotsatira za phunziro loyamba la boma la DevOps ku Russia:

• Ma metrics ofunikira. Tapeza kuti ma metrics ofunikira (nthawi yobweretsera, kuchuluka kwa kutumizidwa, nthawi yochira, ndi kulephera kusintha) ndi oyenera kuwunika momwe chitukuko, kuyesa, ndi magwiridwe antchito.
• Mbiri Zapamwamba, Zapakatikati, Zotsika. Kutengera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, ndizotheka kuzindikira magulu osiyanasiyana mowerengera: Apamwamba, Apakati, Otsika, okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera potengera miyeso, machitidwe, njira ndi zida. Oimira Mbiri Yapamwamba amasonyeza zotsatira zabwino kuposa Zochepa. Iwo amatha kukwaniritsa ndi kupitirira zolinga zawo.
• Zizindikiro, mliri ndi mapulani a 2021. Chizindikiro chapadera chaka chino ndi momwe makampani adalimbana ndi mliriwu. High idachita bwino, idawona kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zifukwa zazikulu zochitira bwino zinali njira zachitukuko zogwira mtima komanso chikhalidwe champhamvu chaukadaulo.
• DevOps machitidwe, zida ndi chitukuko chawo. Zolinga zazikulu zamakampani za chaka chamawa zikuphatikizapo chitukuko cha machitidwe ndi zida za DevOps, kuyambitsa machitidwe a DevSecOps, ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka bungwe. Ndipo kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa machitidwe a DevOps kumachitika kudzera m'mapulojekiti oyesa, kupanga madera ndi malo odziwa ntchito, zoyeserera zapamwamba ndi zotsika za kampani.

Tidzakhala okondwa kumva ndemanga zanu, nkhani, ndemanga. Tikuthokoza aliyense amene adachita nawo kafukufukuyu ndipo tikuyembekezera kutenga nawo gawo chaka chamawa.

Source: www.habr.com