Kumapeto kwa Meyi adachita msonkhano wapaintaneti pamutuwu . Tidakambirana za zotengera, Kubernetes ndi orchestration, njira zosankhira zomangamanga ndi zina zambiri. Otenga nawo mbali adagawana milandu kuchokera pazochita zawo.
Ophunzira:
- Evgeniy Potapov, CEO wa ITSumma. Opitilira theka lamakasitomala ake mwina akusuntha kale kapena akufuna kusinthana ndi Kubernetes.
- Dmitry Stolyarov, CTO "Flant". Ali ndi zaka 10+ akugwira ntchito ndi makina otengera.
- Denis Remchukov (wotchedwa Eric Oldmann), COO argotech.io, wakale wa RAO UES. Analonjeza kulankhula za milandu mu "magazi" bizinesi.
- Andrey Fedorovsky, CTO "News360.com"Atagula kampaniyo ndi wosewera wina, ali ndi udindo pamapulojekiti angapo a ML ndi AI ndi zomangamanga.
- Ivan Kruglov, injiniya wa machitidwe, ex-Booking.com.Munthu yemweyo amene anachita zambiri ndi Kubernetes ndi manja ake.
Mitu:
- Kuzindikira kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pazotengera ndi kuyimba (Docker, Kubernetes, etc.); zomwe zidayesedwa pochita kapena kusanthula.
- Mlandu: Kampaniyo ikupanga dongosolo lachitukuko chazaka zambiri. Kodi chiganizo chimapangidwa bwanji kumanga (kapena kusamutsa zomwe zilipo) kupita ku zotengera ndi Kuber kapena ayi?
- Mavuto m'dziko lamtambo, zomwe zikusowa, tiyeni tiganizire zomwe zidzachitike mawa.
Kukambitsirana kosangalatsa kudachitika, malingaliro a otenga nawo mbali anali osiyana kwambiri ndipo adayambitsa ndemanga zambiri zomwe ndikufuna kugawana nanu. Idyani , ndipo pansipa pali chidule cha zokambirana.
Kodi Kubernetes kale ndi muyezo kapena malonda abwino?
"Tinabwera kwa izo (Kubernetes. - Mkonzi.) pamene palibe amene ankadziwa za izo. Tinadza kwa iye ngakhale pamene iye palibe. Tinkafuna kale "- Wotchedwa Dmitry Stolyarov
Chithunzi chochokera ku Reddit.com
Zaka 5-10 zapitazo panali zida zambirimbiri, ndipo panalibe muyezo umodzi. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse chida chatsopano chimawonekera, kapena kupitilira chimodzi. Choyamba Vagrant, kenako Salt, Chef, Puppet, ... "ndipo mumamanganso nyumba yanu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Muli ndi olamulira asanu omwe amakhala otanganidwa kulembanso masinthidwe," akukumbukira Andrey Fedorovsky. Akukhulupirira kuti a Docker ndi Kubernetes "adzaza" ena onse. Docker wakhala muyezo zaka zisanu zapitazi, Kubernetes m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi. Ndipo ndi zabwino kwa makampani..
Wotchedwa Dmitry Stolyarov ndi gulu lake amakonda Kuber. Iwo ankafuna chida choterocho chisanawonekere, ndipo anabwera kwa icho pamene palibe amene akudziwa za icho. Pakadali pano, pazifukwa zosavuta, satenga kasitomala ngati amvetsetsa kuti sangakwaniritse Kubernetes naye. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, malinga ndi a Dmitry, kampaniyo ili ndi “nkhani zambiri zachipambano zokhudza kukonzanso choloŵa choipacho.”
Kubernetes sikuti ndi orchestration yokhayo, ndi kasamalidwe kasamalidwe ka API yopangidwa, gawo lolumikizirana, L3 kusanja ndi owongolera a Ingress, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'anira zinthu, kukula ndi kusadziwika kuchokera m'munsi mwazomangamanga.
Tsoka ilo, m'moyo wathu tiyenera kulipira chilichonse. Ndipo msonkho uwu ndi waukulu, makamaka ngati tikukamba za kusintha kwa Kubernetes kwa kampani yomwe ili ndi zomangamanga, monga momwe Ivan Kruglov amakhulupirira. Atha kugwira ntchito momasuka mukampani yokhala ndi zida zachikhalidwe komanso ndi Kuber. Chinthu chachikulu ndikumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a kampani ndi msika. Koma, mwachitsanzo, kwa Evgeny Potapov, yemwe angapange Kubernetes ku chida chilichonse choyimba chidebe, funso lotere silimawuka.
Evgeniy adafanizira zomwe zidachitika m'ma 1990, pomwe pulogalamu yokhazikika pazida zidawoneka ngati njira yopangira mapulogalamu ovuta. Panthawiyo, mkanganowo udapitilira ndipo zida zatsopano zidawoneka zothandizira OOP. Kenako ma microservices adatuluka ngati njira yochoka ku lingaliro la monolithic. Izi, zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zotengera komanso zida zowongolera zida. "Ndikuganiza kuti posachedwapa tifika nthawi yomwe sipadzakhalanso funso ngati kuli koyenera kulemba pulogalamu yaing'ono ya microservice, idzalembedwa ngati microservice mwachisawawa," akukhulupirira. Momwemonso, Docker ndi Kubernetes pamapeto pake adzakhala yankho lokhazikika popanda kufunikira kosankha.
Vuto la databases mu stateless
Chithunzi ndi
Masiku ano, pali maphikidwe ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito nkhokwe ku Kubernetes. Ngakhale momwe mungalekanitsire gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi diski ya I / O kuchokera, mokhazikika, gawo logwiritsira ntchito la database. Kodi n'zotheka kuti m'tsogolomu nkhokwe zidzasintha kwambiri kotero kuti zidzaperekedwa m'bokosi, pomwe gawo limodzi lidzakonzedwa kudzera pa Docker ndi Kubernetes, ndipo m'chigawo china cha zomangamanga, kupyolera mu mapulogalamu osiyana, gawo losungirako lidzaperekedwa ? Kodi zoyambira zidzasintha ngati chinthu?
Kufotokozera kumeneku ndi kofanana ndi kasamalidwe ka mizere, koma zofunikira zodalirika ndi kulunzanitsa zidziwitso m'mabuku achikhalidwe ndizokwera kwambiri, Andrey akukhulupirira. Chiŵerengero cha cache hit m'ma database abwinobwino chimakhalabe pa 99%. Ngati wogwira ntchito atsika, watsopano amayambitsidwa, ndipo posungira "amatenthetsa" kuyambira pachiyambi. Mpaka cache itenthedwa, wogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kunyamula katundu wa wosuta. Ngakhale kuti palibe katundu wogwiritsa ntchito, cache sichitenthetsa. Ndi bwalo loyipa.
Dmitry sagwirizana kwenikweni - quorums ndi sharding amathetsa vutoli. Koma Andrey akuumirira kuti yankho siliyenera kwa aliyense. Nthawi zina, quorum ndi yoyenera, koma imayika zowonjezera pamaneti. Nawonso database ya NoSQL siyoyenera nthawi zonse.
Ochita nawo msonkhanowo adagawidwa m'misasa iwiri.
Denis ndi Andrey amatsutsa kuti zonse zomwe zalembedwa ku disk - databases ndi zina zotero - sizingatheke kuchita mu chilengedwe cha Kuber. Ndizosatheka kusunga umphumphu ndi kusasinthika kwa deta yopanga ku Kubernetes. Ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri. Yankho: zomangamanga zosakanizidwa.
Ngakhale nkhokwe zamakono zamtambo monga MongoDB ndi Cassandra, kapena mizere ya mauthenga ngati Kafka kapena RabbitMQ, imafuna masitolo osasunthika kunja kwa Kubernetes.
Evgeniy akuti: "Maziko a Kubera ndi ovulala pafupi ndi Russia, kapena pafupi ndi bizinesi, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mfundo yakuti kulibe Cloud Adoption ku Russia." Makampani ang'onoang'ono kapena apakatikati kumadzulo ndi Cloud. Zosungira za Amazon RDS ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa kungocheza ndi Kubernetes nokha. Ku Russia amagwiritsa ntchito Kuber "pa-premise" ndikusintha maziko ake pamene akuyesera kuchotsa zoo.
Dmitry sanagwirizanenso ndi mawu akuti palibe nkhokwe zomwe zingasungidwe ku Kubernetes: "Base ndi yosiyana ndi maziko. Ndipo ngati mukukankhira database yayikulu yaubale, ndiye kuti palibe. Mukakankhira kanthu kakang'ono komanso kamtambo, komwe kamakhala kokonzekera moyo wanthawi yayitali, zonse zikhala bwino. ” Dmitry adanenanso kuti zida zoyang'anira database sizinakonzekere Docker kapena Kuber, chifukwa chake pamakhala zovuta.
Ivan, nayenso, ali wotsimikiza kuti ngakhale titapanda kufotokoza mfundo za boma ndi zopanda malire, chilengedwe cha mayankho a bizinesi ku Kubernetes sichinakonzekere. Ndi Kuber, ndizovuta kusunga malamulo ndi malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, ndizosatheka kupanga njira yopezera chizindikiritso pomwe zitsimikizo zotsimikizika za seva zimafunikira, mpaka pa hardware yomwe imayikidwa mu maseva. Derali likukula, koma palibe yankho pano.
Ophunzirawo sanathe kuvomereza, kotero palibe mfundo zomwe zidzachitike mu gawoli. Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo zingapo zothandiza.
Mlandu 1. Cybersecurity ya "mega-regulator" yokhala ndi maziko kunja kwa Kubera
Pankhani yachitetezo cha cybersecurity, kugwiritsa ntchito zotengera ndi orchestration kumapangitsa kuti athe kulimbana ndi ziwopsezo ndi kulowerera. Mwachitsanzo, mu mega-regulator imodzi, Denis ndi gulu lake adagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa oimba omwe ali ndi ntchito yophunzitsidwa ya SIEM yomwe imasanthula zipika munthawi yeniyeni ndikuzindikira momwe angawukire, kubera kapena kulephera. Pakachitika chiwopsezo, kuyesa kuyika china chake, kapena pakachitika kachilombo ka ransomware, izo, kudzera mwa oimba, zimanyamula zida zomwe zili ndi mapulogalamu mwachangu kuposa momwe amatengera kachilomboka, kapena mwachangu kuposa momwe wowukirayo amawaukira.
Mlandu 2. Kusamuka pang'ono kwa nkhokwe za Booking.com kupita ku Kubernetes
Mu Booking.com, nkhokwe yayikulu ndi MySQL yokhala ndi kubwereza kosagwirizana - pali mbuye ndi gulu lonse la akapolo. Pofika nthawi yomwe Ivan adasiya kampaniyo, ntchito inayambika yosamutsa akapolo omwe "akhoza kuwomberedwa" ndi kuwonongeka kwina.
Kuphatikiza pa maziko ake, pali kukhazikitsa kwa Cassandra ndi nyimbo yodzilemba yokha, yomwe inalembedwa ngakhale Kuber asanalowe m'gulu lalikulu. Palibe zovuta pankhaniyi, koma zimalimbikira pa ma SSD am'deralo. Kusungirako kutali, ngakhale mkati mwa malo omwewo a data, sagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha vuto la latency yapamwamba.
Gulu lachitatu la database ndi ntchito yosaka ya Booking.com, pomwe node iliyonse yautumiki ndi nkhokwe. Kuyesera kusamutsa ntchito yofufuzira ku Kuber kunalephera, chifukwa node iliyonse ndi 60-80 GB yosungirako malo, zomwe zimakhala zovuta "kukweza" ndi "kutentha".
Chotsatira chake, injini yosakira sinasamutsidwe ku Kubernetes, ndipo Ivan sakuganiza kuti padzakhala zoyesayesa zatsopano posachedwa. Nawonso database ya MySQL idasamutsidwa pakati: Akapolo okha, omwe sawopa "kuwombera". Cassandra wakhazikika mwangwiro.
Kusankhidwa kwa zomangamanga ngati ntchito yopanda njira yothetsera vutoli
Chithunzi ndi
Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi kampani yatsopano, kapena kampani yomwe gawo la zomangamanga limamangidwa kale. Imamanga dongosolo lachitukuko cha zomangamanga kwa zaka zambiri. Kodi chiganizo chimapangidwa bwanji kuti amange zomangamanga pamitsuko ndi Kuber kapena ayi?
Makampani omwe amamenyera nanoseconds samaphatikizidwa pazokambirana. Conservatism yathanzi imalipira malinga ndi kudalirika, komabe pali makampani omwe akuyenera kuganizira njira zatsopano.
Ivan: "Ndikadayambitsanso kampani pamtambo tsopano, chifukwa imathamanga," ngakhale sizotsika mtengo. Ndi chitukuko cha venture capitalism, oyambitsa alibe mavuto akulu ndi ndalama, ndipo ntchito yayikulu ndikugonjetsa msika.
Ivan ndi lingaliro kuti chitukuko cha zomangamanga zamakono ndi njira yosankha. Ngati panali ndalama zazikulu m'mbuyomu, ndipo zimagwira ntchito, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chochitiranso. Ngati zowonongeka sizinapangidwe, ndipo pali mavuto ndi zida, chitetezo ndi kuyang'anira, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kuyang'ana zowonongeka zomwe zimagawidwa.
Msonkhowo uyenera kulipidwa mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndipo Ivan amalipira msonkho womwe umamulola kuti apereke ndalama zochepa m'tsogolomu. "Chifukwa chakuti chifukwa chakuti ndikukwera sitima imene ena akuyenda, ndiyenda mtunda wautali kwambiri kuposa nditakwera sitima ina imene ndimayenera kuthirapo mafuta."akutero Ivan. Kampaniyo ikakhala yatsopano, ndipo zofunikira za latency ndi makumi a milliseconds, ndiye Ivan angayang'ane kwa "ogwira ntchito" omwe ma database akale "akutidwa" lero. Amakweza unyolo wobwereza, womwe umadzisintha ngati walephera, ndi zina ...
Kwa kampani yaying'ono yokhala ndi ma seva angapo, Kubera sizomveka, "akutero Andrey. Koma ngati ikukonzekera kukula mpaka mazana a maseva kapena kupitilira apo, ndiye kuti ikufunika makina opangira zinthu komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu. 90% ya milandu ndiyofunika mtengo wake. Komanso, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi chuma. Ndizomveka kwa aliyense, kuyambira koyambira mpaka makampani akulu okhala ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, kuti pang'onopang'ono ayang'ane kuzinthu zoyimba ziwiya. "Inde, ili ndi tsogolo lenileni," Andrey akutsimikiza.
Denis adafotokoza njira ziwiri zazikulu - scalability ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito. Adzasankha zida zoyenera kwambiri pa ntchitoyi. "Itha kukhala dzina lomwe mwasonkhanitsidwa pamaondo anu, ndipo ili ndi Nutanix Community Edition pamenepo. Uwu ukhoza kukhala mzere wachiwiri mwa mawonekedwe a pulogalamu ya Kuber yokhala ndi nkhokwe yakumbuyo, yomwe imabwerezedwanso ndipo yatchula magawo a RTO ndi RPO" (zolinga zobwezeretsa / mfundo - pafupifupi.).
Evgeniy adazindikira vuto lomwe lingakhalepo ndi antchito. Pakadali pano, palibe akatswiri ambiri oyenerera pamsika omwe amamvetsetsa "matumbo". Zoonadi, ngati teknoloji yosankhidwa ndi yakale, ndiye kuti n'zovuta kubwereka wina aliyense kupatulapo anthu azaka zapakati omwe ali otopa komanso otopa ndi moyo. Ngakhale ophunzira ena amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi nkhani yophunzitsa anthu.
Tikayika funso losankha: kukhazikitsa kampani yaying'ono mumtambo wapagulu wokhala ndi nkhokwe ku Amazon RDS kapena "pamalo" okhala ndi nkhokwe ku Kubernetes, ndiye ngakhale pali zophophonya, Amazon RDS idakhala chisankho cha omwe adatenga nawo gawo.
Popeza ambiri mwa omvera pamsonkhanowo sachokera kumakampani a "magazi", ndiye mayankho ogawidwa ndi omwe tiyenera kuyesetsa. Makina osungira deta ayenera kugawidwa, odalirika, ndikupanga latency yoyezedwa mu ma milliseconds, makumi ambiri", Andrey anatero.
Kuwunika Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kubernetes
Womvera Anton Zhbankov anafunsa funso la msampha kwa a Kubernetes apologists: munasankha bwanji ndikuchita kafukufuku wotheka? Chifukwa chiyani Kubernetes, bwanji osakhala makina enieni, mwachitsanzo?
Chithunzi ndi
Dmitry ndi Ivan anayankha. M'zochitika zonsezi, kupyolera mu mayesero ndi zolakwika, zisankho zotsatizana zinapangidwa, chifukwa chake onse awiri adafika ku Kubernetes. Tsopano mabizinesi akuyamba kupanga paokha mapulogalamu omwe ndi omveka kusamutsira ku Kuber. Sitikulankhula za machitidwe achipani chachitatu, monga 1C. Kubernetes imathandizira pomwe opanga akufunika kutulutsa mwachangu, ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Kopitirizabe kosalekeza.
Gulu la Andrey lidayesa kupanga gulu lowopsa lotengera makina enieni. Node zidagwa ngati ma dominoes, zomwe nthawi zina zidapangitsa kuti gululo ligwe. "Mwachidziwitso, mutha kuimaliza ndikuyithandizira ndi manja anu, koma ndizotopetsa. Ndipo ngati pali yankho pamsika lomwe limakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito m'bokosi, ndiye kuti ndife okondwa kupitako. Ndipo tinasintha, "anatero Andrey.
Pali miyezo yowunikira ndi kuwerengera koteroko, koma palibe amene anganene kuti ali olondola bwanji pa hardware yeniyeni yomwe ikugwira ntchito. Powerengera, ndikofunikiranso kumvetsetsa chida chilichonse ndi chilengedwe, koma izi sizingatheke.
Zomwe zikutiyembekezera
Chithunzi ndi
Pamene teknoloji ikupita, zidutswa zosiyana zimawonekera, ndiyeno kusintha kwa gawo kumachitika, wogulitsa amawonekera yemwe wapha mtanda wokwanira kuti chirichonse chisonkhane mu chida chimodzi.
Kodi mukuganiza kuti idzafika nthawi yomwe padzakhala chida ngati Ubuntu cha dziko la Linux? Mwina chida chimodzi choyimba ndi kuyimba chiphatikiza Kuber. Zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kumanga pamtambo.
Yankho linaperekedwa ndi Ivan: "Google tsopano ikumanga Anthos - iyi ndi mphatso yawo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mtambo ndikuphatikiza Kuber, Service Mesh, kuwunika - zida zonse zomwe zimafunikira pazida zazing'ono." Tatsala pang'ono kubwera."
Denis adanenanso za Nutanix ndi VMWare ndi vRealize Suite product, yomwe imatha kuthana ndi ntchito yofananira popanda kuyika zida.
Dmitry adagawana maganizo ake kuti kuchepetsa "ululu" ndi kuchepetsa misonkho ndi mbali ziwiri zomwe tingayembekezere kusintha.
Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule zokambiranazi, tikuwunikira mavuto otsatirawa a zomangamanga zamakono:
- Otsatira atatu adazindikira nthawi yomweyo vuto la stateful.
- Nkhani zosiyanasiyana zothandizira chitetezo, kuphatikizapo kuthekera kuti Docker adzakhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya Python, ma seva ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi zigawo zake.
Overspending, zomwe ndi bwino kukambitsirana mu osiyana msonkhano.
Vuto la kuphunzira ngati orchestration ndizovuta zachilengedwe.
Vuto lofala m'makampani ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zida.Zina zonse zili ndi inu. Padakali kumverera kuti sikophweka kuti kuphatikiza kwa Docker + Kubernetes kukhala gawo la "pakati" padongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, makina ogwiritsira ntchito amayikidwa pa hardware poyamba, zomwe sitinganene za zotengera ndi kuyimba. Mwina m'tsogolomu, machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zotengera zidzaphatikizana ndi mapulogalamu oyang'anira mtambo.
Chithunzi ndiNditengerepo mwayi uwu kuti ndipereke moni kwa amayi ndikukumbutsani kuti tili ndi gulu la Facebook , njira ndi zofalitsa zosangalatsa zochokera ku mabulogu osiyanasiyana aukadaulo. Ndi channel yanga , kumene ndikukamba za kuyang'anira chitukuko m'makampani opanga zinthu.
Source: www.habr.com