Ichi ndi choyamba mndandanda wa zolemba zokhudzana ndi kusintha, kusintha, ndi zowonjezera mu Red Hat OpenShift platform 4.0 yomwe ikubwera yomwe ingakuthandizeni kukonzekera kusintha kwa mtundu watsopano.
Kuyambira pomwe gulu laling'ono la Kubernetes linasonkhana koyamba ku ofesi ya Google ku Seattle kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2014, zinali zoonekeratu kuti polojekiti ya Kubernetes ikuyenera kusintha momwe mapulogalamu amapangidwira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito lero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, opereka chithandizo chamtambo pagulu adapitilizabe kuyika ndalama zambiri pakupanga zomangamanga ndi ntchito, zomwe zidapangitsa kugwira ntchito ndi IT ndikupanga mapulogalamu kukhala osavuta komanso opezeka, ndikupangitsa kuti azitha kupezeka modabwitsa, omwe ochepa akanatha kuganiza poyamba. zaka khumi.
Zachidziwikire, kulengeza kwautumiki uliwonse watsopano wamtambo kunatsagana ndi zokambirana zambiri pakati pa akatswiri pa Twitter, ndipo zokambirana zidachitika pamitu yosiyanasiyana - kuphatikiza kutha kwa nthawi yotseguka, kuchepa kwa malo a IT, komanso kulephera. mumtambo, ndi momwe paradigm X yatsopano idzalowetse ma paradigm ena onse.
Nβzosachita kufunsa kuti mikangano yonseyi inali yopusa kwambiri
Chowonadi ndi chakuti palibe chomwe chidzachoka, ndipo lero tikutha kuona kukula kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomaliza ndi momwe zimapangidwira, chifukwa cha kuwonekera kosalekeza kwa mapulogalamu atsopano m'miyoyo yathu. Ndipo ngakhale kuti zonse zozungulira zidzasintha, nthawi yomweyo, kwenikweni, zonse zidzakhala zosasintha. Opanga mapulogalamu azilembabe ma code okhala ndi zolakwika, akatswiri opanga ntchito ndi akatswiri odalirika aziyendabe ndi ma pager ndikulandila zidziwitso zodziwikiratu ku Slack, oyang'anira azigwirabe ntchito malinga ndi OpEx ndi CapEx, ndipo nthawi iliyonse ikalephera, wamkulu wopanga kulira momvetsa chisoni ndi mawu akuti: "Ndinakuuzani"...
Oo zoona ziyenera kukambidwa, ndi zida zomwe tingakhale nazo popanga mapulogalamu abwino kwambiri apulogalamu, ndi momwe angapititsire chitetezo ndikupangitsa chitukuko kukhala chosavuta komanso chodalirika. Pamene mapulojekiti akukhala ovuta kwambiri, zoopsa zatsopano zimayamba, ndipo masiku ano miyoyo ya anthu imadalira mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu kotero kuti opanga amangoyesetsa kuchita ntchito zawo bwino.
Kubernetes ndi chida chimodzi chotere. Ntchito ikuchitika yophatikiza Red Hat OpenShift ndi zida zina ndi mautumiki kukhala nsanja imodzi yomwe ingapangitse pulogalamuyo kukhala yodalirika, yosavuta kuyendetsa, komanso yotetezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Ndi zomwe zanenedwa, gulu la OpenShift limafunsa funso limodzi losavuta:
Kodi mungatani kuti ntchito ndi Kubernetes ikhale yosavuta komanso yosavuta?
Yankho lake ndi lodziwikiratu modabwitsa:
- gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zovuta zomwe zimayikidwa pamtambo kapena kunja kwa mtambo;
- kuyang'ana pa kudalirika pamene kubisala zovuta;
- pitilizani kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti mutulutse zosintha zosavuta komanso zotetezeka;
- kupeza controllability ndi auditability;
- yesetsani poyamba kuonetsetsa chitetezo chapamwamba, koma osati chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito.
Kutulutsidwa kotsatira kwa OpenShift kuyenera kuganizira zonse zomwe opanga adakumana nazo komanso zokumana nazo za opanga ena omwe akugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu pamlingo waukulu m'makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, iyenera kuganiziranso zonse zomwe zapezeka pazachilengedwe zotseguka zomwe zimathandizira dziko lamakono lero. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kusiya malingaliro akale a wopanga masewerawa ndikupita ku filosofi yatsopano yamtsogolo. Iyenera kutseka kusiyana pakati pa njira zakale ndi zatsopano zotumizira mapulogalamu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wonse pazomangamanga zomwe zilipo - kaya zimayendetsedwa ndi opereka mitambo wamkulu kapena zikuyenda pamakina ang'onoang'ono m'mphepete.
Kodi kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi?
Ku Red Hat, ndi chizolowezi kuchita ntchito yotopetsa komanso yosayamika kwa nthawi yayitali kuti ateteze anthu okhazikika komanso kupewa kutsekedwa kwa ntchito zomwe kampaniyo ikuchita. Gulu lotseguka lili ndi otukula aluso ambiri omwe amapanga zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri - zosangalatsa, zophunzitsa, zotsegula mwayi watsopano komanso zokongola, koma, zowona, palibe amene amayembekeza kuti aliyense asunthire mbali imodzi kapena kutsata zolinga zofanana. . Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzi ndikuwongolera njira yoyenera nthawi zina ndikofunikira kupanga madera omwe angapindulitse ogwiritsa ntchito athu, koma nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kuyang'anira chitukuko cha madera athu ndikuphunzira kuchokera kwa iwo.
Kumayambiriro kwa 2018, Red Hat adapeza pulojekiti ya CoreOS, yomwe inali ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi amtsogolo - otetezeka komanso odalirika, opangidwa pa mfundo zotseguka. Kampaniyo yayesetsa kupititsa patsogolo malingalirowa ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito, kuyika malingaliro athu - kuyesa kuwonetsetsa kuti mapulogalamu onse akuyenda bwino. Ntchito zonsezi zimamangidwa pa Kubernetes, Linux, mitambo yapagulu, mitambo yachinsinsi, ndi masauzande azinthu zina zomwe zimathandizira chilengedwe chathu chamakono cha digito.
Kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kwa OpenShift 4 kudzakhala komveka bwino, kokhazikika komanso kwachilengedwe
Pulatifomu ya OpenShift idzagwira ntchito ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux abwino kwambiri komanso odalirika, okhala ndi zitsulo zopanda zitsulo zothandizira, mawonekedwe osavuta, mapulogalamu opangira zomangamanga komanso, ndithudi, zotengera (zomwe ziri zithunzi za Linux).
Pulatifomu iyenera kukhala yotetezeka kuyambira pachiyambi, komabe amalola opanga kuti azitha kubwereza-ndiko kuti, kukhala osinthika komanso otetezeka mokwanira pomwe amalola oyang'anira kuunika ndikuwongolera mosavuta.
Iyenera kulola mapulogalamu kuti ayendetse "monga ntchito" osati kubweretsa kukula kosasinthika kwa ogwira ntchito.
Idzalola opanga kuti aganizire kupanga zinthu zenizeni kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi makasitomala. Simudzasowa kudutsa m'nkhalango ya hardware ndi mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu, ndipo zovuta zonse zangozi zidzakhala zakale.
OpenShift 4: NoOps nsanja yomwe sifunikira kukonza
Π adalongosola ntchito zomwe zinathandiza kupanga masomphenya a kampani ku OpenShift 4. Cholinga cha gululi ndi kuchepetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kusunga mapulogalamu momwe zingathere, kuti njirazi zikhale zosavuta komanso zomasuka - zonse kwa akatswiri omwe akugwira nawo ntchito komanso opanga mapulogalamu. Koma kodi mungayandikire bwanji cholinga chimenechi? Momwe mungapangire nsanja yoyendetsera mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kulowererapo kochepa? Kodi NoOps amatanthauza chiyani pankhaniyi?
Ngati muyesa kubisa, ndiye kuti kwa opanga malingaliro akuti "opanda seva" kapena "NoOps" amatanthauza zida ndi ntchito zomwe zimakulolani kubisa gawo la "ntchito" kapena kuchepetsa kulemetsa kwa wopanga.
- Osagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe, koma ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito (APIs).
- Osavutikira kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu - lolani wothandizira akuchitireni.
- Osadumphira kupanga chimango chachikulu nthawi yomweyo - yambani kulemba tizidutswa tating'ono tomwe tidzakhala ngati "zomangamanga", yesani kupanga code iyi kuti igwire ntchito ndi data ndi zochitika, osati ndi ma disks ndi ma database.
Cholinga, monga kale, ndikufulumizitsa kubwereza kwa mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu, kupereka mwayi wopanga zinthu zabwino, komanso kuti wopanga asadandaule ndi machitidwe omwe mapulogalamu ake amayendetsa. Wopanga mapulogalamu odziwa bwino amadziwa bwino kuti kuyang'ana ogwiritsa ntchito kumatha kusintha chithunzicho mwachangu, chifukwa chake musayesetse kwambiri kulemba mapulogalamu pokhapokha mutatsimikiza kuti ikufunika.
Kwa akatswiri okonza ndi opareshoni, mawu oti "NoOps" angamveke ngati owopsa. Koma polankhulana ndi mainjiniya am'munda, zimawonekeratu kuti machitidwe ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kutsimikizira kudalirika ndi kudalirika (Site Reliability Engineering, SRE) zili ndi zofanana zambiri ndi zomwe tafotokozazi:
- Osayang'anira machitidwe - sinthani kasamalidwe kawo.
- Osagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu - pangani njira yoti muyitumizire.
- Pewani kusonkhanitsa mautumiki anu onse pamodzi ndikulola kulephera kwa chimodzi kuchititsa kuti dongosolo lonse lilephereke-kuwabalalitsa pazipangizo zanu zonse pogwiritsa ntchito zida zodzipangira okha, ndikuzigwirizanitsa m'njira zomwe zingathe kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa.
Ma SRE amadziwa kuti china chake chitha kulakwika ndipo amayenera kuyang'anira ndikukonza vutolo - kotero amangosintha ntchito zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse ndikukhazikitsa bajeti yolakwika pasadakhale kuti akhale okonzeka kuika patsogolo ndikupanga zisankho pakabuka vuto.
Kubernetes mu OpenShift ndi nsanja yomwe idapangidwa kuti ithetse mavuto akulu akulu awiri: m'malo mokukakamizani kuti mumvetsetse makina enieni kapena ma API olemetsa, imagwira ntchito ndi zotsalira zapamwamba - njira zotumizira ndi ntchito. M'malo moyika mapulogalamu a pulogalamu, mutha kuyendetsa zotengera, ndipo m'malo molemba zowunikira zanu, gwiritsani ntchito zida zomwe zilipo kale papulatifomu. Chifukwa chake, msuzi wachinsinsi wa OpenShift 4 sichinsinsi - ndi nkhani yongotenga mfundo za SRE ndi malingaliro opanda seva ndikuwafikitsa pamapeto awo omveka kuti athandize opanga ndi mainjiniya ogwirira ntchito:
- Sinthani ndikusintha maziko omwe mapulogalamu amagwiritsa ntchito
- Lumikizani njira zotumizira ndi chitukuko pamodzi popanda kuletsa opanga okha
- Kuwonetsetsa kuti kukhazikitsa, kufufuza, ndi kuteteza ntchito ya XNUMX, mawonekedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito, kapena stack yonse sikovuta kuposa koyamba.
Koma pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa nsanja ya OpenShift 4 ndi omwe adatsogolera komanso kuchokera ku "standard" njira yothetsera mavuto otere? Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimayendetsa masikelo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso magulu ogwirira ntchito? Chifukwa chakuti mfumu mu mkhalidwe umenewu ndi tsango. Choncho,
- Timaonetsetsa kuti cholinga cha maguluwo chikuwonekera bwino (Wokondedwa mtambo, ndinatola tsango ili chifukwa ndidatha)
- Makina ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito alipo kuti athandize gululi (Akuluakulu Anu)
- Sinthani mkhalidwe wa olandira kuchokera pagulu, chepetsani kumanganso kwawo (kugwedezeka).
- Pachinthu chilichonse chofunikira cha dongosololi, nanny (njira) imafunika yomwe imayang'anira ndikuchotsa mavuto
- Kulephera kwa *chilichonse* kapena gawo lililonse ladongosolo ndi njira zolumikizirana nazo ndi gawo lamoyo
- Zomangamanga zonse ziyenera kukonzedwa kudzera pa API.
- Gwiritsani Kubernetes kuthamanga Kubernetes. (Inde, inde, si typo)
- Zosintha ziyenera kukhala zosavuta komanso zosavutikira kukhazikitsa. Ngati zimatengera kudina kopitilira kamodzi kukhazikitsa zosintha, ndiye mwachiwonekere tikuchita cholakwika.
- Kuyang'anira ndi kuthetsa vuto lililonse kusakhale vuto, choncho kufufuza ndi kupereka malipoti pazochitika zonse kuyeneranso kukhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta.
Mukufuna kuwona kuthekera kwa nsanja ikugwira ntchito?
Mtundu wowoneratu wa OpenShift 4 wapezeka kwa opanga. Ndi chokhazikitsa chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, mutha kuyendetsa gulu pa AWS pamwamba pa Red Had CoreOS. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito zowoneratu, mumangofunika akaunti ya AWS kuti ipereke zomanga ndi ma akaunti kuti mupeze zithunzi zowonera.
- Kuti muyambe, pitani ku ndipo dinani "Yambani".
- Lowani ku akaunti yanu ya Red Hat (kapena pangani yatsopano) ndikutsatira malangizo kuti mukhazikitse gulu lanu loyamba.
Pambuyo kukhazikitsa bwino, onani maphunziro athu kuti mumvetsetse mozama machitidwe ndi malingaliro omwe amapangitsa nsanja ya OpenShift 4 kukhala njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta yoyendetsera Kubernetes.
Yesani kutulutsa kwatsopano kwa OpenShift ndikugawana malingaliro anu. Tadzipereka kupanga kugwira ntchito ndi Kumbernetes kukhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta momwe tingathere - tsogolo la NoOps liyamba lero.
Tsopano tcherani khutu!
Pa msonkhano Pa April 20, mmodzi mwa opanga OpenShift, Vadim Rutkovsky, adzakhala ndi kalasi ya master - adzathyola masango khumi ndikuwakakamiza kuti akonze. Msonkhanowo umalipidwa, koma ndi nambala yotsatsira #RedHat mumapeza kuchotsera 37%.
Kalasi ya Master pa 17:15 - 18:15, ndipo poyimilira imatsegulidwa tsiku lonse. T-shirts, zipewa, zomata - mwachizolowezi!
Nyumba #2
"Apa dongosolo lonse liyenera kusinthidwa: timakonza magulu a k8 osweka pamodzi ndi makina ovomerezeka."
Source: www.habr.com