Minecraft ndi imodzi mwamasewera otchuka kwambiri pa intaneti masiku ano. Pasanathe zaka zitatu (kumasulidwa koyamba kunachitika kumapeto kwa 2011), adapeza mamiliyoni a mafani padziko lonse lapansi.
Opanga masewerawa amayang'ana mwadala zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, pamene masewera ambiri anali, mwa miyezo yamasiku ano, akale pazithunzi zazithunzi komanso zopanda ungwiro pakugwiritsa ntchito, koma nthawi yomweyo anali osangalatsa kwambiri.
Monga masewera onse a sandbox, Minecraft imapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wambiri wopanga - ichi, ndiye chinsinsi chachikulu cha kutchuka kwake.
Ma seva amasewera ambiri amapangidwa ndi osewerawo komanso madera awo. Masiku ano pali masauzande masauzande ambiri amasewera omwe akugwira ntchito pa intaneti (onani, mwachitsanzo, mndandanda apa).
Pali mafani ambiri amasewerawa pakati pa makasitomala athu, ndipo amabwereka zida kuchokera m'malo athu opangira ma projekiti amasewera. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana mfundo zaumisiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha seva
Minecraft.
Kusankha nsanja
Minecraft ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- seva - pulogalamu yomwe osewera amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pamaneti;
- kasitomala - pulogalamu yolumikizana ndi seva, yoyikidwa pakompyuta ya osewera;
- mapulagini - zowonjezera pa seva zomwe zimawonjezera ntchito zatsopano kapena kukulitsa zakale;
- mods ndizowonjezera kudziko lamasewera (ma block, zinthu, mawonekedwe).
Pali ma seva ambiri a Minecraft. Ambiri komanso otchuka ndi Vanilla ndi Bukkit.
Iyi ndi nsanja yovomerezeka kuchokera kwa opanga masewera. Imagawidwa m'mitundu yonse ya graphical ndi console. Mtundu watsopano wa Vanilla umatuluka nthawi yomweyo ngati mtundu watsopano wa Minecraft.
Choyipa cha Vanilla ndikumakumbukira kwambiri (pafupifupi 50 MB pa osewera). Chinanso chovuta kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa mapulagini.
idapangidwa ndi gulu la okonda omwe adayesa kukonza seva yovomerezeka ya Minecraft. Kuyesera kunakhala kopambana: Bukkit ndi yotakata kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kuposa Vanilla, makamaka chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi ma mods ndi mapulagini osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, imadya kukumbukira kochepa pa osewera - pafupifupi 5-10 MB.
Zoyipa za Bukkit ndikuti zimatengera RAM yochulukirapo mukamayenda. Kuphatikiza apo, seva ikathamanga kwambiri, imafunikira kukumbukira kwambiri (ngakhale pali osewera ochepa). Posankha Bukkit ngati seva, muyenera kukumbukira kuti matembenuzidwe ake atsopano, monga lamulo, ali ndi zolakwika; Mtundu wokhazikika nthawi zambiri umawoneka pafupifupi masabata a 2-3 kuchokera pomwe mtundu wovomerezeka wa Minecraft watulutsidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, nsanja zina zatchuka posachedwa (mwachitsanzo, Spout, MCPC ndi MCPC +), koma zimayenderana ndi Vanilla ndi Bukkit komanso chithandizo chochepa kwambiri cha ma mods (mwachitsanzo, kwa Spout mutha kungolemba ma mods kuyambira poyambira). Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti amangoyesera.
Kukonzekera seva yamasewera, timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja ya Bukkit, chifukwa ndiyosinthasintha kwambiri; Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma mods osiyanasiyana ndi mapulagini ake. Kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa seva ya Minecraft kumadalira kusankha kolondola kwa nsanja ya hardware. Tiyeni tikambirane nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane.
Zofunikira pa Hardware
Onse seva ya Minecraft ndi kasitomala amafunikira kwambiri pazinthu zamakina.
Posankha nsanja ya Hardware, muyenera kukumbukira kuti purosesa yamitundu yambiri sipereka mwayi wambiri: maziko a seva ya Minecraft atha kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi umodzi wokha. Pachimake chachiwiri, komabe, chingakhale chothandiza: mapulagini ena amapangidwa mu ulusi wosiyana, ndipo Java imagwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zambiri ...
Chifukwa chake, pa seva ya Minecraft, ndikwabwino kusankha purosesa yomwe ili ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri. Purosesa yamphamvu yapawiri-core ingakhale yabwino kuposa purosesa yamitundu yambiri yomwe ilibe mphamvu zochepa. Pamabwalo apadera, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapurosesa okhala ndi mawotchi pafupipafupi a 3 GHz.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino seva ya Minecraft, RAM yayikulu imafunika. Bukkit imatenga pafupifupi 1GB ya RAM; Kuphatikiza apo, kwa wosewera aliyense, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuyambira 5 mpaka 10 MB amaperekedwa. Mapulagini ndi ma mods amawononganso kukumbukira kwambiri. Kwa seva yokhala ndi osewera 30 - 50, chifukwa chake, mufunika 4 GB ya RAM.
Mu Minecraft, zambiri (mwachitsanzo, kutsitsa mapulagini omwewo) zimatengera kuthamanga kwa fayilo. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kusankha seva yokhala ndi disk ya SSD. Ma disks a spindle sangakhale oyenera chifukwa cha liwiro lotsika lowerengera.
Kuthamanga kwa intaneti yanu nakonso ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kwa masewera a anthu 40-50, njira ya 10 Mb / s ndiyokwanira. Komabe, kwa iwo omwe akukonzekera projekiti yayikulu ya minecraft, kuphatikiza tsamba lawebusayiti, forum ndi mapu osunthika, ndizofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi njira yokhala ndi bandwidth yambiri.
Ndi kasinthidwe kanji komwe kuli bwino kusankha? Kuchokera Tikukulimbikitsani kulabadira izi:
- Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 3GHz, 6GB RAM, 2x500GB SATA, 3000 RUR/mwezi;
- Intel Core 2 Quad Q8300 2.5GHz, 6GB RAM, 2x500GB SATA, 3500 rub/mwezi. - timagwiritsa ntchito kusinthika uku kwa seva yathu yoyeserera ya MineCraft, yomwe mutha kusewera pakali pano (momwe mungachitire izi zalembedwa pansipa);
- Intel Core i3-2120 3.3GHz, 8GB RAM, 2x500GB SATA, 3500 RUR/mwezi.
Zosintha izi ndizoyenera kupanga seva ya Minecraft ya osewera 30-40. Zoyipa zina ndikusowa kwa ma drive a SSD, koma timapereka mwayi wina wofunikira: njira yotsimikizika ya 100 Mb / s popanda zoletsa kapena ma ratios. Mukamayitanitsa masinthidwe onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, palibe chindapusa chokhazikitsa.
Timakhalanso ndi zokolola zambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo, mwachilengedwe, ma seva okwera mtengo kwambiri (pamene mukuyitanitsa masinthidwe awa, ndalama zoyikiranso sizimalipidwa):
- 2x Intel Xeon 5130, 2GHz, 8GB RAM, 4x160GB SATA, 5000 rub / mwezi;
- 2x IntelXeon 5504, 2GHz, 12GB RAM, 3x1TB SATA, 9000 rub/mwezi.
Timalimbikitsanso kumvetsera chitsanzo chatsopano cha bajeti ndi SSD drive yochokera ku Intel Atom C2758 purosesa: Intel Atom C2758 2.4 GHz, 16 GB RAM, 2x240 GB SSD, 4000 rubles / mwezi, malipiro oyika - 3000 rubles.
Kuyika ndi kuyendetsa seva ya Bukkit pa OC Ubuntu
Tisanakhazikitse seva, tiyeni tipange wosuta watsopano ndikuwonjezera pagulu la sudo:
$ sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash <username> $ sudo adduser <username> sudo
Kenako, tidzakhazikitsa mawu achinsinsi omwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzalumikizana ndi seva:
$ sudo passwd <username>
Tiyeni tilumikizanenso ndi seva pansi pa akaunti yatsopano ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa.
Minecraft imalembedwa ku Java, kotero Java Runtime Environment iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa seva.
Tiyeni tisinthire mndandanda wamaphukusi omwe alipo:
$ sudo apt-get update
Kenako yendetsani lamulo ili:
$ sudo apt-get install default-jdk
Kuti muyike ndikuyendetsa Bukkit, ndikulangizidwanso kukhazikitsa terminal multiplexer - mwachitsanzo, chophimba (mungagwiritsenso ntchito ma terminal multiplexers - onani athu ):
$ sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa skrini
Chophimba chidzafunika ngati tilumikizana ndi seva yamasewera kudzera pa ssh. Ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kuyendetsa seva ya Minecraft pawindo lapadera, ndipo ngakhale mutatseka kasitomala wa ssh, seva idzagwira ntchito.
Tiyeni tipange chikwatu momwe mafayilo a seva adzasungidwa:
$ mkdir bukkit $ cd bukkit
Pambuyo pake tiyeni tipite . Kumtunda kumanja kwa tsambali mutha kuwona ulalo wazomwe zakonzedwa posachedwa za seva. Timalimbikitsa kutsitsa:
$ wget <ulalo wovomerezeka>
Tsopano tiyeni tiyendetse skrini:
$ sudo skrini
ndikuyendetsa lamulo ili:
$ java -Xmx1024M -jar craftbukkit.jar -o zabodza
Tiyeni tifotokoze zomwe magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amatanthauza:
- Xmx1024M - kuchuluka kwa RAM pa seva;
- jar craftbukkit.jar - chinsinsi cha seva;
- o zabodza - amalola mwayi wofikira pa seva kuchokera kwa makasitomala omwe akuba.
Seva idzayambika.
Mukhoza kuyimitsa seva polemba lamulo loyimitsa mu console.
Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza seva
Zokonda pa seva zimasungidwa mu fayilo yosintha ya seva. Lili ndi magawo awa:
- makonda a jenereta - amakhazikitsa template yopangira dziko lapamwamba kwambiri;
- kulola-nether - kumatsimikizira kuthekera kosamukira ku Dziko Lapansi. Mwachisawawa, zochunirazi zasinthidwa kukhala zoona. Ngati zikhazikitsidwa kukhala zabodza, osewera onse ochokera ku Nether adzasunthidwa kupita kumalo abwinobwino;
- level-name - dzina la chikwatu chokhala ndi mapu omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito pamasewera. Fodayi ili mu bukhu lomwelo pomwe mafayilo a seva ali. Ngati palibe bukhuli, seva imapanga dziko latsopano ndikuyika mu bukhu lokhala ndi dzina lomwelo;
- yambitsani-funso - ikakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale yowona, imayambitsa protocol ya GameSpy4 kuti imvere seva;
- kulola-kuthawa - amalola ndege kuzungulira dziko la Minecraft. Mtengo wokhazikika ndi wabodza (ndege ndizoletsedwa);
- seva-port - ikuwonetsa doko lomwe lidzagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi seva yamasewera. Doko lokhazikika la Minecraft ndi 25565. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mtengo wamtunduwu;
- mlingo-mtundu - umatsimikizira mtundu wa dziko (DEFAUT / FLAT / LARGEBIOMES);
- enable-rcon - imalola mwayi wofikira kutali ku seva ya seva. Mwachikhazikitso ndizolemala (zabodza);
- level-seed - deta yolowetsa ya jenereta ya mlingo. Kuti athe kulenga maiko mwachisawawa, gawo ili liyenera kusiyidwa lopanda kanthu;
- Force-gamemode - imakhazikitsa mawonekedwe amasewera omwe osewera akulumikizana ndi seva;
- seva-ip - imasonyeza adilesi ya IP yomwe idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osewera kuti agwirizane ndi seva;
- max-build-utali - akuwonetsa kutalika kwa nyumba pa seva. Mtengo wake uyenera kukhala wochulukitsa 16 (64, 96, 256, etc.);
- spawn-npcs - amalola (ngati ayikidwa kuti akhale owona) kapena amaletsa (ngati ayikidwa molakwika) kuwonekera kwa ma NPC m'midzi;
- white-list - imathandizira kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mndandanda woyera wa osewera pa seva. Ngati zikhazikitsidwa kuti zikhale zoona, woyang'anira azitha kupanga mndandanda woyera powonjezera pamanja mayina a osewera. Ngati zakhazikitsidwa kuti zikhale zabodza, ndiye kuti wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amene amadziwa adilesi yake ya IP ndi doko akhoza kupeza seva;
- nyama zoberekera - zimalola kuti magulu a anthu ochezeka adzipangire okha kuti akhale owona);
- snooper-enabled - imalola seva kutumiza ziwerengero ndi deta kwa omanga;
- hardcore - imathandizira mawonekedwe a Hardcore pa seva;
- texture-pac - fayilo yojambula yomwe idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene wosewera mpira akugwirizanitsa ndi seva. Mtengo wa parameter iyi ndi dzina la zip archive yokhala ndi mawonekedwe, omwe amasungidwa mu bukhu lofanana ndi seva;
- pa intaneti - imathandizira kuyang'ana maakaunti apamwamba a ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akulumikizana ndi seva. Ngati parameter iyi yakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale yowona, okhawo omwe ali ndi akaunti ya premium ndi omwe azitha kupeza seva. Ngati kutsimikizira kwa akaunti kuli kolephereka (kukhazikitsidwa kukhala zabodza), ndiye kuti ogwiritsa ntchito onse amatha kulowa pa seva (kuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, osewera omwe adanamizira dzina lawo lakutchulidwa), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa zina zachitetezo. Mukayang'ana kwayimitsidwa, mutha kusewera Minecraft pamaneti akomweko, osapeza intaneti;
- pvp - imalola kapena kuletsa osewera kumenyana wina ndi mzake. Ngati chizindikiro ichi ndi chowona, ndiye osewera amatha kuwonongana. Ngati ayikidwa molakwika, osewera sangathe kuwonongana mwachindunji;
- zovuta - zimakhazikitsa zovuta zamasewera. Itha kutenga zikhalidwe kuchokera ku 0 (zosavuta) mpaka 3 (zovuta kwambiri);
- gamemode - imasonyeza masewera omwe adzakhazikitsidwe kwa osewera omwe akulowa pa seva. Itha kutenga zotsatirazi: 0 - Kupulumuka, 1-Creative, 2-Adventure;
- player-idle-timeout - nthawi yosagwira ntchito (mphindi), pambuyo pake osewera amachotsedwa pa seva;
- max-players - chiwerengero chololedwa cha osewera pa seva (kuyambira 0 mpaka 999);
- spawn-monsters - amalola (ngati akhazikitsidwa kukhala zoona) kubadwa kwa magulu ankhanza;
- kupanga-structures - kumathandizira (zowona) / kulepheretsa (zabodza) kupanga mapangidwe (chuma, mipanda, midzi);
- mtunda wowonera - imasintha utali wa magawo osinthidwa kuti atumizidwe kwa wosewera; imatha kutenga 3 mpaka 15.
Zipika za seva ya Minecraft zimalembedwa ku fayilo ya seva.log. Imasungidwa mufoda yofanana ndi mafayilo a seva. chipikacho chikukulirakulirabe kukula, kutenga malo ochulukirapo a disk. Mutha kuwongolera ntchito yodula mitengo pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa kuzungulira kwa chipika. Pozungulira, chida chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito - logrotate. Imachepetsa chiwerengero cha zolemba mu chipika ku malire ena.
Mukhoza kukonza chipika chozungulira kuti zolemba zonse zichotsedwe mwamsanga pamene fayilo ya chipika ifika kukula kwake. Mukhozanso kukhazikitsa nthawi yomwe zolemba zonse zakale zidzaonedwa ngati zopanda ntchito ndikuchotsedwa.
Zokonda zoyambira zozungulira zili mu fayilo ya /etc/logrotate.conf; Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kupanga zokonda zapayekha pa pulogalamu iliyonse. Mafayilo okhala ndi makonda amasungidwa mu /etc/logrotate.d chikwatu.
Tiyeni tipange fayilo /etc/logrotate.d/craftbukkit ndikulowetsamo zotsatirazi:
/home/craftbukkit/server.log {tembenuzani 2 mlungu uliwonse compress missok notifmpty}
Tiyeni tiwone matanthauzo awo mwatsatanetsatane:
- gudumu lozungulira limatanthawuza chiwerengero cha zozungulira musanachotse fayilo;
- mlungu uliwonse amasonyeza kuti kasinthasintha kudzachitika mlungu uliwonse (mukhozanso kukhazikitsa magawo ena: mwezi uliwonse - pamwezi ndi tsiku - tsiku ndi tsiku);
- compress imanena kuti zipika zosungidwa ziyenera kukakamizidwa (njira yosinthira ndi nocompress);
- missingok ikuwonetsa kuti ngati palibe fayilo yolembera, muyenera kupitiriza kugwira ntchito osawonetsa mauthenga olakwika;
- notifempty imanena kuti musasinthe fayilo ya chipika ngati ilibe kanthu.
Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri za makonda ozungulira .
Malangizo Owonjezera
Tiyeni tisungire nthawi yomweyo kuti gawoli lipereka malangizo okhudzana ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa seva yamasewera. Nkhani zakukonza bwino ndi kukhathamiritsa seva yomwe Minecraft imayikidwa ndi mutu wina womwe sungathe kufotokozedwa ndi nkhaniyi; owerenga achidwi atha kupeza mosavuta zomwe akufuna pa intaneti.
Imodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika mukamasewera Minecraft ndi zomwe zimatchedwa lags - nthawi yomwe pulogalamuyo siyimayankha munthawi yake. Zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi zovuta kumbali zonse za kasitomala ndi mbali ya seva. Pansipa tipereka malingaliro omwe angathandize kuchepetsa mwayi wamavuto omwe amachitika kumbali ya seva.
Yang'anirani nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kwa seva ndi mapulagini
Kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kumatha kuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulagini apadera owongolera - mwachitsanzo, .
Khalani tcheru zosintha pulogalamu yowonjezera
Monga lamulo, opanga mapulagini atsopano amayesetsa kuchepetsa katundu ndi mtundu uliwonse watsopano.
Yesetsani kuti musagwiritse ntchito mapulagini ambiri omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana
Mapulagini akulu (monga Essentials, AdminCMD, CommandBook) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito a mapulagini ang'onoang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, Essential yomweyo ili ndi ntchito za mapulagini a iConomy, uHome, OpenInv, VanishNoPacket, Kit. Mapulagini ang'onoang'ono, magwiridwe antchito omwe amakhudzidwa kwathunthu ndi magwiridwe antchito a imodzi yayikulu, nthawi zambiri amatha kuchotsedwa kuti asachulukitse seva.
Ingoletsani mapu ndikuzikweza nokha
Ngati simukuchepetsa mapu, katundu pa seva adzawonjezeka kwambiri. Mutha kuchepetsa mapu pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowonjezera . Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyendetsa pulogalamu yowonjezerayi ndikuyendetsa /wb 200 lamulo, ndiyeno jambulani mapu pogwiritsa ntchito /wb fill command.
Kujambula, ndithudi, kudzatenga nthawi yochuluka, koma ndi bwino kuchita kamodzi, kutseka seva chifukwa cha ntchito zamakono. Ngati wosewera aliyense ajambula mapu, seva igwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
Sinthani mapulagini olemetsa ndi othamanga komanso osagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri
Sikuti mapulagini onse a Minecraft angatchulidwe kuti ndi opambana: nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zosafunika komanso zosafunikira, ndipo nthawi zina amadyanso kukumbukira. Ndikwabwino kusintha mapulagini osachita bwino ndi ena (pali ambiri aiwo). Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu yowonjezera ya LWC itha kusinthidwa ndi Wgfix+MachineGuard, ndi pulogalamu yowonjezera ya DynMap yokhala ndi Minecraft Overviewer.
Nthawi zonse chotsani dontho kapena ikani pulogalamu yowonjezera kuti muchotse dontho
Kugwetsa pamasewera ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwa gulu la anthu likamwalira kapena midadada ina kuwonongedwa. Kusunga ndi kukonza madontho kumatenga zinthu zambiri zamakina.
Kuti seva igwire ntchito mwachangu, ndikofunikira kuchotsa dontho. Izi zimachitika bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mapulagini apadera - mwachitsanzo, NoLagg kapena McClean.
Osagwiritsa ntchito anti-cheats
Zomwe zimatchedwa anti-cheats nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pa maseva amasewera - mapulogalamu omwe amaletsa kuyesa kukopa masewerawa m'njira zachinyengo.
Palinso anti-cheats kwa Minecraft komanso. Zotsutsa zilizonse zotsutsana ndichinyengo nthawi zonse zimakhala zowonjezera pa seva. Ndikwabwino kukhazikitsa chitetezo cha oyambitsa (omwe, komabe, sapereka chitsimikizo chokwanira chachitetezo ndipo amasweka mosavuta - koma uwu ndi mutu wa zokambirana zapadera) komanso kwa kasitomala.
M'malo mapeto
Malangizo ndi malingaliro aliwonse amakhala othandiza kwambiri ngati athandizidwa ndi zitsanzo zenizeni. Kutengera malangizo oyika pamwambapa, tidapanga seva yathu ya Minecraft ndikuyika zinthu zosangalatsa pamapu.
Nazi zomwe tili nazo:
- Seva ya Bukkit - mtundu wokhazikika wovomerezeka 1.6.4;
- Statistics plugin - kusonkhanitsa ziwerengero za osewera;
- Pulogalamu yowonjezera ya WorldBorder - kujambula ndi kuchepetsa mapu;
- Pulogalamu yowonjezera ya WorldGuard (+WorldEdit ngati kudalira) - kuteteza madera ena.
Tikuyitanitsa aliyense kuti azisewera pa izo: kulumikiza, kuwonjezera seva yatsopano ndikulowetsa adilesi mncrft.slc.tl.
Tidzakhala okondwa ngati mungagawane zomwe mwakumana nazo pakukhazikitsa, kukonza ndi kukhathamiritsa ma seva a MineCraft mu ndemanga ndikutiuza ma mods ndi mapulagini omwe mumawakonda komanso chifukwa chiyani.
Nkhani zabwino: Kuyambira pa Ogasiti 1, ndalama zoikira ma seva odzipatulira okhazikika zachepetsedwa ndi 50%. Tsopano kulipira kamodzi kokha ndi ma ruble 3000 okha.
Owerenga omwe akulephera kusiya ndemanga pano akuitanidwa kuti mutichezere .
Source: www.habr.com