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Kupanga chithunzi cha Ubuntu cha ARM "kuyambira poyambira"

Chitukuko chikangoyamba, sizidziwika bwino kuti ndi mapaketi ati omwe angapite ku rootfs chandamale.

Иными словами хвататься за LFS, buildroot или yocto (или еще что-то) еще рано, а начинать уже нужно. Для богатых (у меня на пилотных образцах 4GB eMMC) есть выход раздать разработчикам дистрибутив, который позволит оперативно доставить что-то чего не хватает в данный момент, а затем мы всегда можем собрать списки пакетов и сформировать список для целевой rootfs.

Nkhaniyi si yachilendo ndipo ndi malangizo osavuta a copy-paste.

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikumanga Ubuntu rootfs kwa ARM board (kwa ine, kutengera Colibri imx7d).

Kumanga fano

Timasonkhanitsa rootfs chandamale kuti kubwereza.

Kutsegula Ubuntu Base

Timasankha kumasulidwa tokha kutengera zosowa ndi zomwe timakonda. Pano ndapereka 20.

$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs

Kuyang'ana thandizo la BINFMT mu kernel

Ngati muli ndi kugawa wamba, ndiye kuti pali chithandizo cha BINFMT_MISC ndipo zonse zimakonzedwa, ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti ndikudziwa kuti mukudziwa momwe mungathandizire BINFMT thandizo mu kernel.

Onetsetsani kuti BINFMT_MISC ndiyoyatsidwa mu kernel:

$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y

Tsopano muyenera kuyang'ana zokonda:

$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm  register  status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff

Mutha kulembetsa pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, malangizo awa ndi awa.

Kukhazikitsa qemu static arm

Теперь нам понадобится экземпляр qemu собранный статически.

!!! CHENJEZO!!!
Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe kuti mupange chinachake, onani:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23960
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1805913
Kenako kwa x86_64 wolandila ndi mlendo wa mkono muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa i386 wa qemu:
http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_i386.deb

$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
# путь в rootfs и имя исполняемого файла должно совпадать с /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

chroot

Zolemba zosavuta:

ch-phiri.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
    sudo mount --rbind /sys sys
    sudo mount --make-rslave sys
    sudo mount --rbind /dev dev
    sudo mount --make-rslave dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
    sudo chroot 
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount proc
    sudo umount sys
    sudo umount dev/pts
    sudo umount dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : 
    echo 2nd parameter : 
fi

Timasilira zotsatira zake:

$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

Kuti tingosangalala, tiyeni tiyese kukula tisanakhazikitse (kwa ine) maphukusi ochepa:

# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M     /

Tiyeni tisinthe:

# apt update
# apt upgrade --yes

Установим интересующие нас пакеты:

# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiod

Mafayilo amutu wa Kernel ndi ma module ndi nkhani yosiyana. Inde, sitidzayika bootloader, kernel, modules, mtengo wa chipangizo kudzera pa Ubuntu. Adzabwera kwa ife kuchokera kunja kapena tidzasonkhanitsa tokha kapena adzapatsidwa kwa ife ndi wopanga bolodi, mulimonse momwe izi zilili zopitirira malire a malangizowa.

Pamlingo wina, kusiyana kwamitundu ndikovomerezeka, koma ndikwabwino kuwachotsa pakupanga kernel.

# apt install --yes linux-headers-generic

Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zidachitika ndipo zidakhala zambiri:

# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M    /

Osayiwala kukhazikitsa mawu achinsinsi.

Kulongedza chithunzi

$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gz

Kuonjezerapo, tikhoza kukhazikitsa etckeeper ndi autopush setting

Chabwino, tinene kuti tagawa msonkhano wathu, ntchito idayamba momwe tingasonkhanitsire mitundu yosiyanasiyana yadongosolo lathu.

etckeeper akhoza kutithandiza.

Безопасность личное дело каждого:

  • mukhoza kuteteza nthambi zina
  • pangani kiyi yapadera pa chipangizo chilichonse
  • запретить force push
  • ndi zina. ...
# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...

Tiyeni tiyike autopush

Tikhoza, ndithudi, kupanga nthambi pa chipangizocho pasadakhale (tinene kuti timapanga script kapena ntchito yomwe idzayambe nthawi yoyamba).

# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"

Kapena titha kuchita china chake mwanzeru ...

Waulesi njira

Tikhale ndi chizindikiritso chapadera, tinene nambala ya purosesa (kapena MAC - makampani akuluakulu amagula mitunduyo):

paka / proc / cpuinfo

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 06372509

Kenako titha kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la nthambi yomwe tidzakankhireko:

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509

Создадим простой скрипт:

# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
  branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
  cd /etc/
  git push origin master:${branch}
fi

Ndipo ndizo zonse - pakapita nthawi titha kuyang'ana zosintha ndikupanga mndandanda wamaphukusi a firmware yomwe mukufuna.

Zida zoyenera

BINFMT_MISC
Thandizo la Kernel pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Binary Formats (binfmt_misc)
Kulemba ndi qemu user chroot
Kupanga Ubuntu rootfs kwa ARM
Momwe mungapangire Ubuntu wokhala ndi moyo kuyambira poyambira
Crossdev qemu-static-user-chroot
etckeeper

getdents64 vuto

readdir() returns NULL (errno=EOVERFLOW) for 32-bit user-static qemu on 64-bit host
Ext4 64 bit hash imaphwanya 32 bit glibc 2.28+
compiler_id_detection fails for armhf when using QEMU user-mode emulation
CMake sikugwira ntchito bwino pansi pa mkono wa qemu

Source: www.habr.com