Kupanga maziko a IT osalolera zolakwika. Gawo 2. Kuyika ndi kukonza gulu la oVirt 4.3

Nkhaniyi ndi kupitiriza ndi yapitayi - "Kupanga maziko a IT osalolera zolakwika. Gawo 1 - kukonzekera kutumiza gulu la oVirt 4.3".

Idzakhudzanso njira yokhazikitsira ndikukhazikitsa gulu la oVirt 4.3 lokhala ndi makina opezeka kwambiri, poganizira kuti njira zonse zoyambira zokonzekera zomangamanga zidamalizidwa kale.

Kuyamba

Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhaniyi ndikupereka malangizo pang'onopang'ono monga "Ena -> inde -> chitsiriziro"momwe mungawonetsere zina mukayiyika ndikuyikonza. Njira yotumizira gulu lanu silingafanane nthawi zonse ndi zomwe zafotokozedwamo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a zomangamanga ndi chilengedwe, koma mfundo zonse zidzakhala zofanana.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro omvera, oVirt 4.3 machitidwe ake ndi ofanana ndi VMware vSphere version 5.x, koma ndithudi ndi kasinthidwe ndi machitidwe ake.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi, kusiyana konse pakati pa RHEV (aka oVirt) ndi VMware vSphere kungapezeke pa intaneti, mwachitsanzo. apa, koma nthaŵi zina ndidzaonabe kusiyana kwawo kapena kufanana kwawo pamene nkhaniyo ikupita.

Payokha, ndikufuna kufananiza pang'ono ntchito ndi maukonde a makina pafupifupi. oVirt imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yofananira yoyang'anira maukonde pamakina enieni (omwe amatchedwa ma VM), monga mu VMware vSphere:

• pogwiritsa ntchito mlatho wamba wa Linux (mu VMware - Standard vSwitch), kuthamanga pa makamu a virtualization;
• pogwiritsa ntchito Open vSwitch (OVS) (mu VMware - Kugawidwa kwa vSwitch) ndi kusintha kogawidwa komwe kumakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: seva yapakati ya OVN ndi olamulira a OVN pa makamu oyendetsedwa.

Zindikirani kuti chifukwa chosavuta kukhazikitsa, nkhaniyi ifotokoza kukhazikitsa maukonde mu oVirt kwa VM pogwiritsa ntchito mlatho wokhazikika wa Linux, womwe ndi chisankho chokhazikika mukamagwiritsa ntchito KVM hypervisor.

Pachifukwa ichi, pali malamulo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito maukonde mumagulu, omwe ndi abwino kuti asaphwanyidwe:

• Zokonda zonse pamanetiweki pa makamu musanawonjeze ku oVirt ziyenera kukhala zofanana, kupatula ma adilesi a IP.
• Wolandira alendo atatengedwa motsogozedwa ndi oVirt, sizovomerezeka kwambiri kuti musinthe chilichonse pamanja pamanetiweki popanda chidaliro chonse muzochita zanu, popeza wothandizira wa oVirt amangowabweza ku zomwe zidayamba pambuyo poyambiranso. wothandizira.
• Kuwonjezera netiweki yatsopano ya VM, komanso kugwira ntchito nayo, kuyenera kuchitidwa kuchokera ku oVirt management console.

Wina mfundo yofunika - Pamalo ovuta kwambiri (okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutayika kwandalama), zingakhale bwino kugwiritsa ntchito thandizo lolipidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito Red Hat Virtualization 4.3. Pakugwira ntchito kwa gulu la oVirt, zovuta zina zitha kubuka zomwe ndikofunikira kuti mulandire thandizo loyenerera mwachangu, m'malo mothana nazo nokha.

Ndipo pamapeto pake analimbikitsa Musanatumize gulu la oVirt, dziwani bwino zolembedwa zovomerezeka, kuti adziwe osachepera mfundo zoyambirira ndi matanthauzo, apo ayi zidzakhala zovuta pang'ono kuwerenga nkhani yonseyo.

Zofunikira pakumvetsetsa nkhaniyi ndi mfundo zoyendetsera gulu la oVirt ndi izi:

• Maupangiri oyika oVirt
• oVirt Self-Hosted Engine Guide
• OVirt Administration Guide
  

Voliyumu pamenepo si yayikulu kwambiri, mu ola limodzi kapena awiri mutha kudziwa bwino mfundo zoyambira, koma kwa iwo omwe amakonda zambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwerenga. Zolemba Zogulitsa za Red Hat Virtualization 4.3 - RHEV ndi oVirt ndizofanana.

Chifukwa chake, ngati zosintha zonse zoyambira pa makamu, ma switch ndi makina osungira amalizidwa, timapitilira mwachindunji pakutumiza kwa oVirt.

Gawo 2. Kuyika ndi kukonza gulu la oVirt 4.3

Kuti mukhale omasuka, ndilemba zigawo zazikuluzikulu za nkhaniyi, zomwe ziyenera kumalizidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi:

1. Kukhazikitsa seva yoyang'anira oVirt
2. Kupanga malo atsopano a data
3. Kupanga gulu latsopano
4. Kuyika makamu owonjezera m'malo Odzisamalira
5. Kupanga malo osungira kapena Malo Osungirako
6. Kupanga ndi kukonza ma network a makina enieni
7. Kupanga chithunzi cha kukhazikitsa kwa kutumiza makina enieni
8. Pangani makina enieni

Kukhazikitsa seva yoyang'anira oVirt

OVirt management server ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakina a oVirt, ngati makina owoneka bwino, olandila, kapena chida chomwe chimayang'anira zomangamanga zonse za oVirt.

Ma analogue ake apamtima ochokera kudziko la virtualization ndi awa:

• VMware vSphere - vCenter Seva
• Microsoft Hyper-V - System Center Virtual Machine Manager (VMM).

Kuyika seva yoyang'anira oVirt, tili ndi njira ziwiri:

Zosankha 1
Kutumiza seva mu mawonekedwe a VM yapadera kapena host host.

Njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino, koma pokhapokha ngati VM yotereyi ikugwira ntchito mopanda tsango, i.e. sichikuyenda pagulu lililonse lamagulu ngati makina okhazikika omwe akuyendetsa KVM.

Chifukwa chiyani VM yotereyo siyingatumizidwe pamagulu amgulu?

Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa njira yotumizira seva yoyang'anira oVirt, tili ndi vuto - tifunika kukhazikitsa VM yoyang'anira, koma kwenikweni palibe gulu lokha, ndiyeno tingabwere ndi chiyani pa ntchentche? Ndiko kulondola - khazikitsani KVM pamagulu am'tsogolo, kenako pangani makina enieni, mwachitsanzo, ndi CentOS OS ndikuyika injini ya oVirt mmenemo. Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi zambiri pazifukwa zowongolera kwathunthu VM yotere, koma ichi ndi cholinga cholakwika, chifukwa m'tsogolomu padzakhala 100% mavuto ndi VM yolamulira:

• sichingasamutsidwe mu oVirt console pakati pa makamu (node) a cluster;
• posamuka pogwiritsa ntchito KVM kudzera virsh kusamuka, VM iyi sikhalapo kuti kasamalidwe kuchokera ku oVirt console.
• ma cluster host sangawonekere mkati Kusamalira mode (machitidwe osamalira), ngati mutasamutsa VM iyi kuchokera ku gulu kupita ku host host pogwiritsa ntchito virsh kusamuka.

Chifukwa chake chitani chilichonse molingana ndi malamulo - gwiritsani ntchito gulu lapadera la seva yoyang'anira oVirt, kapena VM yodziyimira payokha, kapena bwino, chitani monga momwe zalembedwera njira yachiwiri.

Zosankha 2
Kuyika OVirt Engine Appliance pa gulu lamagulu lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi izo.

Ndi njira iyi yomwe idzaganiziridwanso kuti ndiyolondola komanso yoyenera kwa ife.
Zofunikira za VM yoterezi zikufotokozedwa pansipa; Ndingowonjezera kuti ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi makamu osachepera awiri muzomangamanga zomwe VM yowongolera imatha kuyendetsedwa kuti ikhale yolekerera zolakwika. Pano ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti, monga momwe ndinalembera kale mu ndemanga m'nkhani yapitayi, sindinathe kupeza splitbrain pagulu la oVirt la makamu awiri, ndi kuthekera koyendetsa ma VM omwe ali ndi injini pawo.

Kuyika OVirt Engine Appliance pa gulu loyamba la gululo

Lumikizani ku zolemba zovomerezeka - oVirt Self-Hosted Engine Guide, mutu "Kutumiza Injini Yokhazikika Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mzere wa Command»

Chikalatacho chimatchula zofunikira zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa musanatumize VM yoyendetsedwa ndi injini, komanso ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko yoyika yokha, kotero palibe chifukwa chobwereza mawu, kotero tidzakambirana zambiri zofunika.

• Musanayambe kuchitapo kanthu, onetsetsani kuti mwathandizira kuthandizira pazokonda za BIOS pa wolandila.
• Ikani phukusi la choyikira-injini yomwe ili pa host host:

yum -y install http://resources.ovirt.org/pub/yum-repo/ovirt-release43.rpm 
yum -y install epel-release
yum install screen ovirt-hosted-engine-setup

• Timayamba njira yotumizira oVirt Hosted Injini pa wolandila pazenera (mutha kutuluka kudzera pa Ctrl-A + D, kutseka kudzera pa Ctrl-D):

screen
hosted-engine --deploy

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyendetsa kuyikapo ndi fayilo yoyankhidwa yokonzekeratu:

hosted-engine --deploy --config-append=/var/lib/ovirt-hosted-engine-setup/answers/answers-ohe.conf

• Pamene tikugwiritsa ntchito hosted-injini, timatchula magawo onse ofunikira:

- имя кластера
- количество vCPU и vRAM (рекомендуется 4 vCPU и 16 Гб)
- пароли
- тип хранилища для hosted engine ВМ – в нашем случае FC
- номер LUN для установки hosted engine
- где будет находиться база данных для hosted engine – рекомендую для простоты выбрать Local (это БД PostgreSQL работающая внутри этой ВМ)
и др. параметры. 

• Kuyika VM yopezeka kwambiri yokhala ndi injini yoyendetsedwa, tidapanga kale LUN yapadera pamakina osungira, nambala 4 ndi 150 GB kukula kwake, yomwe idaperekedwa kwa makamu amgulu - onani. nkhani yapita.

M'mbuyomu tidawonanso mawonekedwe ake pa olandila:

multipath -ll
…
3600a098000e4b4b3000003c95d171065 dm-3 DELL    , MD38xxf
size=150G features='3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50' hwhandler='1 rdac' wp=rw
|-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=14 status=active
| `- 15:0:0:4  sdc 8:32  active ready running
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=9 status=enabled
  `- 18:0:0:4  sdj 8:144 active ready running

• Njira yoperekera injini yokhazikika sizovuta; pamapeto pake tiyenera kulandira chonga ichi:

[ INFO  ] Generating answer file '/var/lib/ovirt-hosted-engine-setup/answers/answers-20191129131846.conf'
[ INFO  ] Generating answer file '/etc/ovirt-hosted-engine/answers.conf'
[ INFO  ] Stage: Pre-termination
[ INFO  ] Stage: Termination
[ INFO  ] Hosted Engine successfully deployed

Timayang'ana kukhalapo kwa ntchito za oVirt pa wolandila:

Ngati zonse zidachitika molondola, ndiye kuti kukhazikitsa kukatha, gwiritsani ntchito msakatuli kuti mupite https://ovirt_hostname/ovirt-engine kuchokera pakompyuta ya woyang'anira, ndikudina [Administration Portal].

Chithunzi cha "Administration Portal"

Polowetsa malowedwe ndi mawu achinsinsi (kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yoyika) pawindo monga momwe zilili pazithunzi, timafika pagawo lowongolera la Open Virtualization Manager, momwe mungachitire zonse ndi zida zoyambira:

1. onjezani data center
2. onjezani ndi kukonza gulu
3. onjezani ndi kuyang'anira makamu
4. onjezani malo osungira kapena Malo Osungirako ma disks a makina enieni
5. onjezani ndikusintha maukonde a makina enieni
6. onjezani ndikuwongolera makina enieni, zithunzi zoyika, ma tempulo a VM

Zochita zonsezi zidzakambidwa mopitilira, zina m'maselo akulu, zina mwatsatanetsatane komanso ma nuances.
Koma choyamba ndikupangira kuwerenga izi zowonjezera, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa ambiri.

Zowonjezera

1) M'malo mwake, ngati pali chosowa chotere, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chimakulepheretsani kukhazikitsa KVM hypervisor pamagulu amagulu pasadakhale pogwiritsa ntchito phukusi. libvirt и qemu-sq.m (kapena qemu-kvm-ev) ya mtundu womwe mukufuna, ngakhale potumiza nodi yamagulu a oVirt, imatha kuchita izi yokha.

Koma ngati libvirt и qemu-sq.m Ngati simunayike mtundu waposachedwa, mutha kulandira cholakwika chotsatirachi mukatumiza injini yoyendetsedwa:

error: unsupported configuration: unknown CPU feature: md-clear

Iwo. ayenera kukhala nazo mtundu wosinthidwa libvirt ndi chitetezo ku MDS, yomwe imathandizira ndondomekoyi:

<feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/>

Ikani libvirt v.4.5.0-10.el7_6.12, mothandizidwa ndi md-clear:

yum-config-manager --disable mirror.centos.org_centos-7_7_virt_x86_64_libvirt-latest_

yum install centos-release-qemu-ev
yum update
yum install qemu-kvm qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer libguestfs libguestfs-tools dejavu-lgc-sans-fonts virt-top libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client

systemctl enable libvirtd
systemctl restart libvirtd && systemctl status libvirtd

Onani thandizo la 'md-clear':

virsh domcapabilities kvm | grep require
      <feature policy='require' name='ss'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='hypervisor'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='tsc_adjust'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='clflushopt'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='pku'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='md-clear'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='stibp'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='ssbd'/>
      <feature policy='require' name='invtsc'/>

Pambuyo pa izi, mutha kupitiliza kukhazikitsa injini yomwe mwakhala nayo.

2) Mu oVirt 4.3, kukhalapo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chozimitsa moto kuwunika ndichinthu chofunikira.

Ngati pakutumizidwa kwa VM kwa injini yoyendetsedwa timalandira zolakwika zotsatirazi:

[ ERROR ] fatal: [localhost]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "msg": "firewalld is required to be enabled and active in order to correctly deploy hosted-engine. Please check, fix accordingly and re-deploy.n"}
[ ERROR ] Failed to execute stage 'Closing up': Failed executing ansible-playbook
[https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1608467

Kenako muyenera kuzimitsa firewall ina (ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito), ndikuyika ndikuyendetsa kuwunika:

yum install firewalld
systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl start firewalld

firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
firewall-cmd --get-zones

Pambuyo pake, pakuyika ovirt wothandizira pa gulu latsopano la gululo, idzakonza madoko ofunikira mu kuwunika zokha.

3) Kuyambitsanso khamu ndi VM yomwe ikuyenda ndi injini yoyendetsedwa.

Nthawi zambiri, ulalo 1 и ulalo 2 ku zikalata zoyendetsera.

Kuwongolera konse kwa injini yoyendetsedwa ndi VM kumachitika POKHALA pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo injini yoyendetsedwa pa khamu kumene imathamangira, pafupi kachilombo tiyenera kuiwala, komanso kuti mutha kulumikizana ndi VM iyi kudzera pa SSH ndikuyendetsa lamulo "shutdown".

Njira yoyika VM mumayendedwe okonza:

hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=global

hosted-engine --vm-status
!! Cluster is in GLOBAL MAINTENANCE mode !!
--== Host host1.test.local (id: 1) status ==--
conf_on_shared_storage             : True
Status up-to-date                  : True
Hostname                           : host1.test.local
Host ID                            : 1
Engine status                      : {"health": "good", "vm": "up", "detail": "Up"}
Score                              : 3400
stopped                            : False
Local maintenance                  : False
crc32                              : dee1a774
local_conf_timestamp               : 1821
Host timestamp                     : 1821
Extra metadata (valid at timestamp):
        metadata_parse_version=1
        metadata_feature_version=1
        timestamp=1821 (Sat Nov 29 14:25:19 2019)
        host-id=1
        score=3400
        vm_conf_refresh_time=1821 (Sat Nov 29 14:25:19 2019)
        conf_on_shared_storage=True
        maintenance=False
        state=GlobalMaintenance
        stopped=False

hosted-engine --vm-shutdown

Timayambiranso wolandirayo ndi wothandizira injini ndikuchita zomwe tikufuna.

Mukayambiranso, yang'anani momwe VM ilili ndi injini yomwe ili nayo:

hosted-engine --vm-status

Ngati VM yathu yokhala ndi injini yoyendetsedwa sinayambe ndipo ngati tiwona zolakwika zofananira patsamba lautumiki:

Zolakwika mu chipika chautumiki:

journalctl -u ovirt-ha-agent
...
Jun 29 14:34:44 host1 journal: ovirt-ha-agent ovirt_hosted_engine_ha.agent.hosted_engine.HostedEngine ERROR Failed to start necessary monitors
Jun 29 14:34:44 host1 journal: ovirt-ha-agent ovirt_hosted_engine_ha.agent.agent.Agent ERROR Traceback (most recent call last):#012  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ovirt_hosted_engine_ha/agent/agent.py", line 131, in _run_agent#012    return action(he)#012  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ovirt_hosted_engine_ha/agent/agent.py", line 55, in action_proper#012    return he.start_monitoring()#012  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ovirt_hosted_engine_ha/agent/hosted_engine.py", line 413, in start_monitoring#012    self._initialize_broker()#012  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ovirt_hosted_engine_ha/agent/hosted_engine.py", line 537, in _initialize_broker#012    m.get('options', {}))#012  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ovirt_hosted_engine_ha/lib/brokerlink.py", line 86, in start_monitor#012    ).format(t=type, o=options, e=e)#012RequestError: brokerlink - failed to start monitor via ovirt-ha-broker: [Errno 2] No such file or directory, [monitor: 'ping', options: {'addr': '172.20.32.32'}]
Jun 29 14:34:44 host1 journal: ovirt-ha-agent ovirt_hosted_engine_ha.agent.agent.Agent ERROR Trying to restart agent

Kenako timalumikiza chosungira ndikuyambitsanso wothandizira:

hosted-engine --connect-storage
systemctl restart ovirt-ha-agent
systemctl status ovirt-ha-agent

hosted-engine --vm-start
hosted-engine --vm-status

Titayambitsa VM ndi injini yoyendetsedwa, timayichotsa munjira yokonza:

Njira yochotsera VM pamakonzedwe okonza:

hosted-engine --check-liveliness
hosted-engine --set-maintenance --mode=none
hosted-engine --vm-status

--== Host host1.test.local (id: 1) status ==--

conf_on_shared_storage             : True
Status up-to-date                  : True
Hostname                           : host1.test.local
Host ID                            : 1
Engine status                      : {"health": "good", "vm": "up", "detail": "Up"}
Score                              : 3400
stopped                            : False
Local maintenance                  : False
crc32                              : 6d1eb25f
local_conf_timestamp               : 6222296
Host timestamp                     : 6222296
Extra metadata (valid at timestamp):
        metadata_parse_version=1
        metadata_feature_version=1
        timestamp=6222296 (Fri Jan 17 11:40:43 2020)
        host-id=1
        score=3400
        vm_conf_refresh_time=6222296 (Fri Jan 17 11:40:43 2020)
        conf_on_shared_storage=True
        maintenance=False
        state=EngineUp
        stopped=False

4) Kuchotsa injini yosungidwa ndi chilichonse chokhudzana nayo.

Nthawi zina pamafunika kuchotsa bwino injini yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale - ссылка ku chikalata chowongolera.

Ingoyendetsani lamulo pa host host:

/usr/sbin/ovirt-hosted-engine-cleanup

Kenako, timachotsa maphukusi osafunikira, kusungirako ma configs izi zisanachitike, ngati kuli kofunikira:

yum autoremove ovirt* qemu* virt* libvirt* libguestfs 

Kupanga malo atsopano a data

Zolemba zolozera - Buku la oVirt Administration. Mutu 4: Deta Centers

Choyamba tiyeni tifotokoze chomwe chiri data center (Ndimagwira mawu kuchokera ku chithandizo) ndi chinthu chomveka chomwe chimatanthawuza gulu lazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo enaake.

Data Center ndi mtundu wa chidebe chopangidwa ndi:

• zomveka bwino mu mawonekedwe a masango ndi makamu
• cluster network zothandizira mu mawonekedwe a maukonde omveka ndi ma adapter akuthupi pa makamu,
• zosungirako (za ma disks a VM, ma templates, zithunzi) mwa mawonekedwe a malo osungira (Magawo Osungirako).

Malo opangira deta amatha kukhala ndi magulu angapo omwe ali ndi makamu angapo omwe ali ndi makina enieni omwe akuyendetsa pa iwo, ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi malo angapo osungira omwe akugwirizana nawo.
Pakhoza kukhala malo angapo opangira data; amagwira ntchito pawokha. Ovirt ili ndi kulekanitsa kwa mphamvu ndi udindo, ndipo mukhoza kukonza zilolezo payekha payekha, pamlingo wa data center komanso pazinthu zake zomveka.

Malo opangira deta, kapena malo opangira deta ngati alipo angapo, amayendetsedwa kuchokera ku console imodzi yolamulira kapena portal.

Kuti mupange malo opangira data, pitani ku portal yoyang'anira ndikupanga malo atsopano a data:
Lembani >> Zopangira Deta >> yatsopano

Popeza timagwiritsa ntchito zosungirako zogawana pamakina osungira, Mtundu Wosungira Uyenera Kugawidwa:

Chithunzi chojambula cha Data Center Creation Wizard

Mukayika makina enieni okhala ndi injini yokhazikika, malo opangira data amapangidwa mwachisawawa - Datacenter1, ndiyeno, ngati kuli kofunikira, mutha kusintha Mtundu wake Wosungira kukhala wina.

Kupanga malo opangira data ndi ntchito yosavuta, popanda zovuta zilizonse, ndipo zonse zowonjezera nazo zikufotokozedwa m'malemba. Chokhacho chomwe ndingazindikire ndikuti makamu osakwatiwa omwe ali ndi zosungirako zakumaloko (disk) za VM sangathe kulowa mu data center ndi Storage Type - Shared (sangathe kuwonjezeredwa pamenepo), ndipo kwa iwo muyenera kupanga malo osiyana a data - i.e. Munthu aliyense wokhala ndi malo osungirako amafunikira malo ake apadera a data.

Kupanga gulu latsopano

Lumikizani zolembedwa - Buku la oVirt Administration. Mutu 5: Magulu

Popanda zambiri zosafunikira, tsango - ichi ndi gulu lomveka la makamu omwe ali ndi malo osungiramo malo amodzi (monga ma disks omwe amagawana nawo pamakina osungirako, monga momwe zilili ndi ife). Ndizofunikiranso kuti omwe ali mgululi akhale ofanana mu hardware ndikukhala ndi purosesa yamtundu womwewo (Intel kapena AMD). Ndikwabwino, zowona, kuti ma seva omwe ali mgululi ali ofanana kwathunthu.

Cluster ndi gawo la data center (ndi mtundu wina wa kusungirako - Local kapena Nawo), ndipo makamu onse ayenera kukhala amtundu wina wamagulu, kutengera ngati agawana zosungirako kapena ayi.

Mukayika makina enieni okhala ndi injini yokhala ndi wolandila, malo opangira data amapangidwa mwachisawawa - Datacenter1, pamodzi ndi gulu - Gulu1, ndipo mtsogolomu mutha kukonza magawo ake, yambitsani zina zowonjezera, onjezerani makamu kwa izo, ndi zina.

Monga mwachizolowezi, kuti mudziwe zambiri zamagulu onse amagulu, ndibwino kuti muyang'ane zolemba zovomerezeka. Zina mwazinthu zokhazikitsa gulu, ndikungowonjezera kuti popanga, ndikwanira kukhazikitsa magawo oyambira pa tabu. General.

Ndidzawona magawo ofunikira kwambiri:

• Mtundu wama processor - amasankhidwa potengera ma processor omwe amayikidwa pamagulu amagulu, omwe amapanga opanga, ndi pulosesa pa makamu ndi akale kwambiri, kotero kuti, malingana ndi izi, malangizo onse omwe alipo mumagulu akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Sinthani mtundu - m'gulu lathu timangogwiritsa ntchito mlatho wa Linux, ndichifukwa chake timasankha.
• Mtundu wa firewall - Chilichonse chikuwonekera apa, iyi ndi firewalld, yomwe iyenera kuyatsidwa ndikukonzedwa pa makamu.

Screenshot yokhala ndi magawo amagulu

Kuyika makamu owonjezera m'malo Odzisamalira

kugwirizana za zolembedwa.

Othandizira owonjezera a Malo Okhala Okhazikika amawonjezedwa chimodzimodzi monga wolandila nthawi zonse, ndi gawo lowonjezera la kutumiza VM yokhala ndi injini yoyendetsedwa - Sankhani ntchito yoyendetsedwa ndi injini >> Pitani. Popeza wolandirayo wowonjezerayo ayeneranso kuperekedwa ndi LUN ya VM yokhala ndi injini yoyendetsedwa, izi zikutanthauza kuti wolandirayo atha, ngati kuli kofunikira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchititsa VM yokhala ndi injini yoyendetsedwa.
Pazolinga zololera zolakwika, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti pakhale osachepera awiri omwe angayike injini ya VM.

Pazowonjezera zowonjezera, zimitsani ma iptables (ngati athandizidwa), yambitsani firewalld

systemctl stop iptables
systemctl disable iptables

systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl start firewalld

Ikani mtundu wa KVM wofunikira (ngati kuli kofunikira):

yum-config-manager --disable mirror.centos.org_centos-7_7_virt_x86_64_libvirt-latest_

yum install centos-release-qemu-ev
yum update
yum install qemu-kvm qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer libguestfs libguestfs-tools dejavu-lgc-sans-fonts virt-top libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client

systemctl enable libvirtd
systemctl restart libvirtd && systemctl status libvirtd

virsh domcapabilities kvm | grep md-clear

Ikani nkhokwe zofunika ndi choyikira injini chochititsa:

yum -y install http://resources.ovirt.org/pub/yum-repo/ovirt-release43.rpm
yum -y install epel-release
yum update
yum install screen ovirt-hosted-engine-setup

Kenako, pitani ku console Tsegulani Virtualization Manager, onjezani wolandila watsopano, ndikuchita chilichonse pang'onopang'ono, monga momwe zalembedwera zolemba.

Zotsatira zake, titawonjeza wolandila wina, tiyenera kupeza china chake ngati chithunzi mu kontrakitala yoyang'anira, monga pazithunzi.

Chithunzi chazithunzi cha administrative portal - makamu

Wokhala nawo yemwe injini ya VM ikugwira ntchito pakadali pano ili ndi korona wagolide ndi zolembedwa "Kuthamanga kwa Holid Engine VM", wokhala nawo pomwe VM iyi ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ngati kuli kofunikira - zolembazo "Itha kuyendetsa Engine Engine VM".

Pakachitika kulephera kwa wolandila komwe "Kuthamanga kwa Holid Engine VM", iyambiranso pa wolandila wachiwiri. VM iyi imathanso kusamutsidwa kuchoka pagulu logwira ntchito kupita kwa woyimilira kuti akonze.

Kukhazikitsa Power Management / mpanda pa oVirt makamu

Maulalo a zolemba:

• Red Hat Virtualization 4.3 -> Technical Reference -> Mutu 4. Kuwongolera Mphamvu
• oVirt Administration Guide -> Mutu 7: Ochereza

Ngakhale zingawoneke ngati mwamaliza kuwonjezera ndikusintha wolandila, sizowona kwenikweni.
Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito ya makamu, ndikuzindikira / kuthetsa zolephera ndi aliyense wa iwo, Kuwongolera Mphamvu / mipanda ndikofunikira.

kuchinga, kapena mpanda, ndi njira yochotsera kwakanthawi wolandira wolakwika kapena wolephera pagulu, pomwe ntchito za oVirt zomwe zili pamenepo kapena wolandirayo amayambiranso.

Tsatanetsatane wa matanthauzo ndi magawo a Power Management / mipanda amaperekedwa, monga mwanthawi zonse, pazolembedwa; Ndingopereka chitsanzo cha momwe mungakhazikitsire gawo lofunikirali, monga limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa seva ya Dell R640 yokhala ndi iDRAC 9.

1. Pitani ku portal yoyang'anira, dinani Lembani >> Othandiza sankhani wolandira.
2. Dinani Sinthani.
3. Dinani tabu Mphamvu za Ulamuliro.
4. Chongani bokosi pafupi ndi njira Yambitsani Power Management.
5. Chongani bokosi pafupi ndi njira Kuphatikiza kwa Kdumpkuti mulepheretse wolandirayo kuti asalowe mumpanda wakutchinga pomwe akujambula kutayika kwa kernel.

Zindikirani:

Pambuyo pothandizira kuphatikizika kwa Kdump pa omwe akuyendetsa kale, iyenera kukhazikitsidwanso molingana ndi ndondomeko ya oVirt Administration Guide -> Mutu 7: Ochereza -> Kukhazikitsanso Hosts.

1. Mukasankha, mutha kuyang'ana bokosilo Lemekezani malamulo oyendetsera mphamvu, ngati sitikufuna kuti kasamalidwe ka mphamvu zokhala ndi alendo aziwongoleredwa ndi Ndondomeko Yokonzekera ya gulu.
2. Dinani batani (+) kuti muwonjezere chida chatsopano chowongolera mphamvu, zenera losinthira katundu wa wothandizira lidzatsegulidwa.
   Kwa iDRAC9, lembani minda:
   • Address - adilesi ya iDRAC9
   • Dzina Logwiritsa / Achinsinsi - lowani ndi mawu achinsinsi kuti mulowe mu iDRAC9, motsatana
   • Type - gawo 5
   • Mark otetezeka
   • onjezani zotsatirazi: cmd_prompt=>,login_timeout=30

Screenshot yokhala ndi magawo a "Power Management" m'malo okhala

Kupanga malo osungira kapena Malo Osungirako

Lumikizani ku zolemba - Buku la oVirt Administration, Mutu 8: Kusungirako.

Malo Osungirako, kapena malo osungira, ndi malo apakati osungiramo ma disks a makina enieni, zithunzi zoyikapo, ma templates, ndi zithunzithunzi.

Madera osungira amatha kulumikizidwa ku data center pogwiritsa ntchito ma protocol osiyanasiyana, ma cluster ndi network file system.

oVirt ili ndi mitundu itatu yosungirako:

• Data Domain - kusunga deta yonse yokhudzana ndi makina enieni (ma disks, ma templates). Data Domain siyingagawidwe pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana a data.
• ISO Domain (malo osungira amtundu wakale) - posungira zithunzi zoyika OS. ISO Domain ikhoza kugawidwa pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana a data.
• Tumizani Domain (malo osungirako zinthu zakale) - kusungirako kanthawi kochepa kwa zithunzi zomwe zimasuntha pakati pa malo opangira deta.

Pankhani yathu, malo osungira omwe ali ndi mtundu wa Data Domain amagwiritsa ntchito Fiber Channel Protocol (FCP) kuti agwirizane ndi LUNs pa makina osungira.

Kuchokera pakuwona kwa oVirt, mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina osungira (FC kapena iSCSI), disk iliyonse, chithunzithunzi kapena template ndi disk yomveka.
Zida za block zimasonkhanitsidwa kukhala gawo limodzi (pamagulu amgulu) pogwiritsa ntchito Gulu la Volume kenako ndikugawidwa pogwiritsa ntchito LVM kukhala mavoliyumu omveka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma disks enieni a VM.

Magulu onsewa ndi ma voliyumu ambiri a LVM amatha kuwoneka pagulu lamagulu pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi zina и lvs. Mwachilengedwe, zochita zonse zokhala ndi ma disks otere ziyenera kuchitika kokha kuchokera ku oVirt console, kupatula pazochitika zapadera.

Ma disks amtundu wa VM amatha kukhala amitundu iwiri - QCOW2 kapena RAW. Ma disc akhoza kukhala "woonda"kapena"wandiweyani". Zithunzi zojambulidwa nthawi zonse zimapangidwa ngati "woonda".

Njira yoyendetsera madera osungira, kapena malo osungira omwe amafikira kudzera mu FC, ndizomveka - pa VM iliyonse pa disk pali voliyumu yomveka yomwe imatha kulembedwa ndi wolandira m'modzi yekha. Pamalumikizidwe a FC, oVirt amagwiritsa ntchito china chake ngati LVM yolumikizidwa.

Makina a Virtual omwe ali pamalo osungira omwewo amatha kusamutsidwa pakati pa makamu omwe ali mgulu lomwelo.

Monga tikuonera pakufotokozerako, gulu la oVirt, monga gulu la VMware vSphere kapena Hyper-V, kwenikweni limatanthauza chinthu chomwecho - ndi gulu lomveka la makamu, makamaka lofanana pamapangidwe a hardware, ndikukhala ndi zosungirako zofanana. makina disks.

Tiyeni tipite patsogolo pakupanga malo osungira deta (ma disks a VM), popeza popanda izo malo a data sangayambitsidwe.
Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti ma LUNs onse omwe amaperekedwa kumagulu am'magulu amtundu wosungira ayenera kuwonekera pa iwo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo "kuchulukitsa -ll".

Malingana ndi zolemba, pitani ku portal kupita ku yosungirako >> madambwe -> New Domain ndipo tsatirani malangizo a "Kuwonjezera FCP Storage".

Pambuyo poyambitsa wizard, lembani magawo ofunikira:

• dzina - khazikitsani dzina lagulu
• Domain Ntchito -Zidziwitso
• Mtundu Wosungira - Fiber Channel
• Wothandizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito - sankhani wokhala nawo pomwe LUN yomwe tikufuna ikupezeka

Pamndandanda wa LUNs, lembani zomwe tikufuna, dinani kuwonjezera Kenako CHABWINO. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kusintha magawo owonjezera a malo osungirako podina Magawo apamwamba.

Chithunzi cha mfiti chowonjezera "Domain Storage"

Malingana ndi zotsatira za wizard, tiyenera kulandira malo atsopano osungira, ndipo malo athu a deta ayenera kupita ku chikhalidwe UP, kapena kukhazikitsidwa:

Zithunzi za data center ndi malo osungiramo:

Kupanga ndi kukonza ma network a makina enieni

Lumikizani ku zolemba - Buku la oVirt Administration, Mutu 6: Maukonde Omveka

Maukonde, kapena maukonde, amagwira ntchito m'magulu omveka bwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu oVirt virtual infrastructure.

Kuti mulumikizane pakati pa adaputala ya netiweki pamakina enieni ndi adaputala yakuthupi pamakina, zolumikizira zomveka monga mlatho wa Linux zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuti mugawane ndikugawa magalimoto pakati pa maukonde, ma VLAN amakonzedwa pama switch.

Mukapanga maukonde omveka a makina owoneka bwino mu oVirt, iyenera kupatsidwa chizindikiritso chofananira ndi nambala ya VLAN pa switch kuti ma VM athe kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, ngakhale atakhala kuti akuyenda pamagulu osiyanasiyana a gululo.

Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa ma adapter a netiweki pa makamu olumikizira makina enieni kunayenera kuchitika nkhani yapita – zomveka mawonekedwe kukhazikitsidwa chilumba1, ndiye kuti zosintha zonse za netiweki ziyenera kupangidwa kudzera pa oVirt administrative portal.

Pambuyo popanga VM yokhala ndi injini yoyendetsedwa, kuwonjezera pakupanga malo opangira data ndi masango, maukonde omveka adapangidwanso kuti aziwongolera gulu lathu - ovritmgmt, komwe VM iyi idalumikizidwa.

Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kuona zomveka zoikamo maukonde ovritmgmt ndikusintha, koma muyenera kusamala kuti musataye kuwongolera zida za oVirt.

Zokonda maukonde ovritmgmt

Kuti mupange netiweki yatsopano yomveka ya ma VM wamba, pitani pagawo loyang'anira Network >> Mitundu >> yatsopano, ndi pa tabu General onjezani netiweki yokhala ndi ID ya VLAN yomwe mukufuna, komanso onani bokosi pafupi ndi "VM Network", izi zikutanthauza kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku VM.

Chithunzithunzi cha netiweki yatsopano ya VLAN32

Mu tabu Cluster, timalumikiza netiweki iyi kugulu lathu Gulu1.

Pambuyo pake timapita Lembani >> Othandiza, pitani kwa wolandira aliyense motsatana, ku tabu Ma network, ndikuyambitsa wizard Konzani maukonde olandila, kumangiriza kwa omwe ali ndi netiweki yatsopano yomveka.

Chithunzi chojambula cha "Setup host networks" wizard

Wothandizira oVirt angopanga zosintha zonse zofunika pamanetiweki - pangani VLAN ndi BRIDGE.

Zitsanzo zamafayilo osinthidwira pamanetiweki atsopano pa olandila:

cat ifcfg-bond1
# Generated by VDSM version 4.30.17.1
DEVICE=bond1
BONDING_OPTS='mode=1 miimon=100'
MACADDR=00:50:56:82:57:52
ONBOOT=yes
MTU=1500
DEFROUTE=no
NM_CONTROLLED=no
IPV6INIT=no

cat ifcfg-bond1.432
# Generated by VDSM version 4.30.17.1
DEVICE=bond1.432
VLAN=yes
BRIDGE=ovirtvm-vlan432
ONBOOT=yes
MTU=1500
DEFROUTE=no
NM_CONTROLLED=no
IPV6INIT=no

cat ifcfg-ovirtvm-vlan432
# Generated by VDSM version 4.30.17.1
DEVICE=ovirtvm-vlan432
TYPE=Bridge
DELAY=0
STP=off
ONBOOT=yes
MTU=1500
DEFROUTE=no
NM_CONTROLLED=no
IPV6INIT=no

Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseninso kuti pa cluster host POSAFUNIKIRA pangani maukonde pamanja pamanja ifcfg-bond1.432 и ifcfg-ovirtvm-vlan432.

Pambuyo powonjezera maukonde omveka ndikuyang'ana kugwirizana pakati pa wolandirayo ndi injini ya VM, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamakina enieni.

Kupanga chithunzi cha kukhazikitsa kwa kutumiza makina enieni

Lumikizani ku zolemba - Buku la oVirt Administration, Mutu 8: Kusungirako, gawo Kukweza Zithunzi ku Domain Data Storage.

Popanda chithunzi cha kukhazikitsa OS, sikungatheke kukhazikitsa makina enieni, ngakhale izi siziri vuto ngati, mwachitsanzo, atayikidwa pa intaneti. Wosoka ndi zithunzi zopangidwa kale.

Kwa ife, izi sizingatheke, kotero muyenera kulowetsa chithunzichi ku oVirt nokha. M'mbuyomu, izi zimafunikira kupanga ISO Domain, koma mu mtundu watsopano wa oVirt idachotsedwa, chifukwa chake mutha kukweza zithunzi mwachindunji ku Domain Storage kuchokera pa portal yoyang'anira.

Pazipata zoyang'anira pitani ku yosungirako >> Disks >> Kwezani >> Start
Timawonjezera chithunzi chathu cha OS ngati fayilo ya ISO, lembani magawo onse omwe ali mu fomuyo, ndikudina batani "Yesani kulumikizana".

Chithunzi chojambula cha Add Installation Image Wizard

Ngati tipeza cholakwika chonga ichi:

Unable to upload image to disk d6d8fd10-c1e0-4f2d-af15-90f8e636dadc due to a network error. Ensure that ovirt-imageio-proxy service is installed and configured and that ovirt-engine's CA certificate is registered as a trusted CA in the browser. The certificate can be fetched from https://ovirt.test.local/ovirt-engine/services/pki-resource?resource=ca-certificate&format=X509-PEM-CA`

Kenako muyenera kuwonjezera satifiketi ya oVirt ku "Odalirika Root CAs"(Trusted Root CA) pa siteshoni yoyang'anira, pomwe tikuyesera kutsitsa chithunzicho.

Mukawonjezera satifiketi ku Trusted Root CA, dinaninso "Yesani kulumikizana", ayenera kupeza:

Connection to ovirt-imageio-proxy was successful.

Mukamaliza kuwonjezera satifiketi, mutha kuyesanso kukweza chithunzi cha ISO ku Storage Domain.

M'malo mwake, mutha kupanga Domain Yosungirako yosiyana ndi mtundu wa Data kuti musunge zithunzi ndi ma templates mosiyana ndi ma disks a VM, kapena ngakhale kuzisunga mu Malo Osungirako a injini yosungidwa, koma izi ndizomwe woyang'anira akuganiza.

Zithunzi zokhala ndi zithunzi za ISO mu Storage Domain pa injini yoyendetsedwa

Pangani makina enieni

Ulalo wa zolemba:
oVirt Virtual Machine Management Guide -> Mutu 2: Kuyika Linux Virtual Machines
Console Clients Resources

Mukatsitsa chithunzi chokhazikitsa ndi OS mu oVirt, mutha kupitiliza kupanga makina enieni. Pali ntchito yambiri yomwe yachitika, koma tafika pomaliza, chifukwa chake zonsezi zidayambika - kupeza malo osamalidwa bwino osungira makina omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Ndipo zonsezi ndi zaulere - palibe ndalama imodzi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pogula zilolezo za pulogalamu iliyonse.

Kuti mupange makina enieni okhala ndi CentOS 7, chithunzi chokhazikitsa kuchokera ku OS chiyenera kutsitsidwa.

Timapita ku administrative portal, pitani ku Lembani >> Virtual Machines, ndikuyambitsa wizard yopanga VM. Lembani magawo onse ndi minda ndikudina CHABWINO. Chilichonse ndi chophweka ngati mutsatira zolembazo.

Mwachitsanzo, ndipereka zoikamo zoyambira ndi zowonjezera za VM yomwe ikupezeka kwambiri, yokhala ndi diski yopangidwa, yolumikizidwa ndi netiweki, ndikuyambira pazithunzi zoyika:

Zithunzi zokhala ndi makonda a VM omwe amapezeka kwambiri

Mukamaliza ntchito ndi mfitiyo, itsekeni, yambitsani VM yatsopano ndikuyika OS pamenepo.
Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku console ya VM iyi kudzera pa portal yoyang'anira:

Chithunzi chojambula cha zoikamo za portal portal kuti mulumikizane ndi VM console

Kuti mulumikizane ndi VM console, muyenera kukonza kaye kontrakitala m'makina a makina enieni.

Chithunzi chazithunzi za VM, tabu ya "Console".

Kuti mugwirizane ndi VM console mungagwiritse ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Virtual Machine Viewer.

Kuti mulumikizane ndi VM console mwachindunji pawindo la osatsegula, zoikamo zolumikizira kudzera pa console ziyenera kukhala motere:

Mukayika OS pa VM, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa oVirt alendo wothandizira:

yum -y install epel-release
yum install -y ovirt-guest-agent-common
systemctl enable ovirt-guest-agent.service && systemctl restart ovirt-guest-agent.service
systemctl status ovirt-guest-agent.service

Choncho, chifukwa cha zochita zathu, VM yopangidwa idzapezeka kwambiri, i.e. ngati node ya masango yomwe ikuyendetsa ikulephera, oVirt idzayambiranso pamfundo yachiwiri. VM iyi itha kusamutsidwanso pakati pa magulu amgulu kuti akonzere kapena zolinga zina.

Pomaliza

Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idakwanitsa kuwonetsa kuti oVirt ndi chida chabwinobwino chowongolera magwiridwe antchito, omwe sizovuta kuyika - chinthu chachikulu ndikutsata malamulo ndi zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi komanso zolembedwa.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nkhaniyo, sikunali kotheka kuphatikiziramo zinthu zambiri, monga kuphedwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa afiti osiyanasiyana ndi mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane ndi zowonera, ziganizo zazitali zamalamulo ena, ndi zina zambiri. M'malo mwake, izi zingafunike kulemba buku lonse, zomwe sizimveka bwino chifukwa cha mapulogalamu atsopano omwe amawoneka nthawi zonse ndi zatsopano komanso zosintha. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa mfundo ya momwe zonse zimagwirira ntchito limodzi, ndikupeza algorithm yodziwika bwino yopanga nsanja yololera zolakwika pakuwongolera makina enieni.

Ngakhale tapanga maziko enieni, tsopano tikuyenera kuwaphunzitsa kuti azitha kulumikizana pakati pa zinthu zake payekha: makamu, makina enieni, maukonde amkati, komanso ndi dziko lakunja.

Izi ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za kachitidwe kapena kasamalidwe ka maukonde, zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhani yotsatira - za kugwiritsa ntchito ma routers a VyOS muzokhazikika zololera zabizinesi yathu (monga momwe mumaganizira, azigwira ntchito ngati zenizeni. makina pagulu lathu la oVirt).

Source: www.habr.com