🥇Thandizo: Kodi Kutumiza Mopitiriza Ndi Chiyani

Poyamba ife adauzidwa za Continuous Integration (CI). Tiyeni tipitilize ndi Continuous Delivery. Izi ndi njira zopangira mapulogalamu. Zimathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti code yanu yakonzeka kutumizidwa.

/Pixabay/ bluebudgie / PL

История

Mawu akuti kubweretsa mosalekeza atha kuwonekanso mkati manifesto yokhazikika kuyambira 2001 kumayambiriro kwa mndandanda wa mfundo zoyambira: "Chofunika kwambiri ndikuthetsa mavuto amakasitomala popereka pulogalamu yaposachedwa."

Mu 2010, Jez Humble ndi David Farley adatulutsidwa buku ndi Continuous Delivery. Malinga ndi olembawo, CD imakwaniritsa njirayo Kugwirizana Mogwirizana ndikukulolani kuti muchepetse kukonzekera kwa code kuti mutumizidwe.

Pambuyo pa kusindikizidwa kwa bukhuli, njirayo inayamba kutchuka ndipo m'zaka zingapo idakhala yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, yomwe idachitika pakati pa opanga mapulogalamu a 600 ndi oyang'anira IT mu 2014, 97% ya oyang'anira zaluso ndi 84% ya opanga mapulogalamu ankadziwa Continuous Delivery.

Tsopano njira iyi imakhalabe imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2018 wokhudza gulu la IT DevOps ndi Jenkins Community, izo amagwiritsa theka la anthu oposa chikwi chimodzi amene anafunsidwa.

Kodi Continuous Delivery imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Maziko a CD ndi kukonzekera kwa code kuti atumizidwe. Kuti akwaniritse ntchitoyi, njira yokhayo yokonzekera pulogalamu yomasulidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Iyenera kukhala yokhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana otukuka, zomwe zingathandize kupeza zofooka mwachangu ndikuzikwaniritsa. Mwachitsanzo, fulumirani kuyesa.

Chitsanzo cha njira yotumizira mosalekeza ikuwoneka motere:

Ngati njira ya Continuous Integration ili ndi udindo wopanga magawo awiri oyamba, ndiye kuti Continuous Delivery imayang'anira ziwiri zotsatirazi. Kukhazikika kwa ndondomeko kumatsimikiziridwa, mwa zina, ndi machitidwe kasinthidwe kasamalidwe. Amayang'anira kusintha kwa zomangamanga, ma database ndi zodalira. Kutumiza komweko kumatha kukhala kokha kapena kuchitidwa pamanja.

Zofunikira zotsatirazi zimayikidwa panjira:

Kupezeka kwa chidziwitso chokhudza kukonzekera kulowa m'malo opanga ndi kukonzekera kumasulidwa mwamsanga (zida za CD zimayesa kachidindo ndikupangitsa kuti zitheke kuyesa zotsatira za kusintha kwa kumasulidwa).
Udindo wonse wa chinthu chomaliza. Gulu lazogulitsa - oyang'anira, opanga, oyesa - ganizirani zotsatira zake, osati za gawo lawo laudindo (zotsatira zake ndi kumasulidwa komwe kumapezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito).

Mu ma CD nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kwamakalata, ndi kusonkhanitsa maganizo a makasitomala - mfundo kuyambitsa kwakuda. Chinthu chatsopano chimatulutsidwa koyamba ku gawo laling'ono la ogwiritsa ntchito - zomwe adakumana nazo polumikizana ndi mankhwalawa zimathandiza kupeza zolakwika ndi zolakwika zomwe sizinawoneke panthawi yoyesa mkati.

Phindu lake ndi chiyani

Continuous Delivery imathandizira kufalitsa ma code mosavuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuchita bwino komanso zimachepetsa mwayi wotopa kwambiri. Pamapeto pake, izi zimachepetsa ndalama zonse zachitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, CD inathandiza gulu limodzi la HP kuchepetsa mtengo wotere ndi 40%.

Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2016 (tsamba 28 chikalata) - makampani omwe agwiritsa ntchito CD amathetsa mavuto a chitetezo cha chidziwitso 50% mofulumira kuposa omwe sagwiritsa ntchito njirayo. Kumbali ina, kusiyana kumeneku kutha kufotokozedwa ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida zopangira makina.

Chinanso chowonjezera ndi kufulumizitsa kumasulidwa. Kutumiza mosalekeza ku studio yaku Finnish Development anathandiza onjezerani liwiro la msonkhano wa code ndi 25%.

Zovuta Zomwe Zingatheke

Vuto loyamba komanso lalikulu ndilofunika kumanganso njira zomwe zadziwika bwino. Kuti muwonetse mapindu a njira yatsopanoyi, ndi bwino kusinthira ku CD pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira osati ndi ntchito zambiri zogwira ntchito.

Vuto lachiwiri lomwe lingakhalepo ndi kuchuluka kwa nthambi zama code. Zotsatira za "nthambi" ndi mikangano yokhazikika komanso kutaya nthawi yambiri. Njira yothetsera - njira palibe nthambi.

Makamaka, m'makampani ena zovuta zazikulu zimayamba ndi kuyesa - zimatengera nthawi yochuluka. Zotsatira zoyesa nthawi zambiri zimayenera kufufuzidwa pamanja, koma yankho lomwe lingakhalepo lingakhale kufanana ndi mayesero omwe ali mu magawo oyambirira a CD.

Muyeneranso kuphunzitsa antchito kuti azigwira ntchito ndi zida zatsopano - pulogalamu yoyambira yophunzitsira idzapulumutsa omanga khama ndi nthawi.

/flickr/ h.ger1969 / CC BY-SA

Zida

Nazi zida zingapo zotseguka zotumizira mosalekeza:

GoCD - seva yoperekera mosalekeza ku Java ndi JRuby pa Rails. Imakulolani kuti muwongolere njira yonse yoperekera pulogalamu: build-test-release. Chidacho chimagawidwa pansi pa chilolezo cha Apache 2.0. Mutha kuzipeza patsamba lovomerezeka khwekhwe kalozera.
Capistrano - chimango chopangira zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kutumiza kwa mapulogalamu mu Ruby, Java kapena PHP. Capistrano amatha kupereka malamulo pamakina akutali polumikizana nawo kudzera pa SSH. Imagwira ntchito ndi zida zina zophatikizira ndi zoperekera, monga seva ya Integrity CI.
Mzere ndi chida cha nsanja zambiri chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yonse yopangira mapulogalamu. Gradle imagwira ntchito ndi Java, Python, C/C ++, Scala, etc. Pali kuphatikiza ndi Eclipse, IntelliJ ndi Jenkins.
Drone - Tsamba la CD muchilankhulo cha Go. Drone ikhoza kuyikidwa pamalopo kapena pamtambo. Chidachi chimamangidwa pamwamba pa zotengera ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito mafayilo a YAML kuwawongolera.
Wosakaniza - nsanja yoperekera ma code mosalekeza pamakina amitundu yambiri. Wopangidwa ndi Netflix, akatswiri a Google adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu pakupanga chida. Malangizo oyika pezani pa tsamba lovomerezeka.