Zida ziwiri zochokera kwa wopanga waku Russia "Kroks" zatumizidwa kuti ziwunikidwe pawokha. Awa ndi mamita ang'onoang'ono a ma radio frequency metres, omwe ndi: chowunikira ma sipekitiramu okhala ndi jenereta yolumikizira ma sigino, ndi vekitala network analyzer (reflectometer). Zida zonse ziwirizi zimakhala ndi ma frequency mpaka 6,2 GHz pama frequency apamwamba.
Panali chidwi chomvetsetsa ngati awa ndi thumba lina la "mamita owonetsera" (zoseweretsa), kapena zida zodziwika bwino, chifukwa wopanga amaziyika: - "Chidachi chimapangidwira kugwiritsa ntchito wailesi yamasewera, popeza si chida choyezera mwaukadaulo. .β
Owerenga tcheru! Mayeserowa adachitidwa ndi anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, osadzinenera kuti ndi maphunziro a metrological a zida zoyezera, kutengera miyezo ya kaundula wa boma ndi china chilichonse chokhudzana ndi izi. Okonda mawayilesi ali ndi chidwi choyang'ana muyeso wofananira wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri (tinyanga, zosefera, zowongolera), osati zongoyerekeza, monga momwe zimakhalira mu metrology, mwachitsanzo: katundu wosagwirizana, mizere yopatsira yopanda mawonekedwe, kapena magawo. a mizere yochepa-circuited, amene sanaphatikizidwe mu mayeso anagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuti mupewe kusokoneza pakuyerekeza tinyanga, chipinda cha anechoic, kapena malo otseguka, chimafunika. Chifukwa cha kusakhalapo koyamba, kuyeza kunkachitidwa panja, tinyanga zonse zokhala ndi njira zolowera "zimayang'ana" kumwamba, zokwezedwa pamatatu, osasunthika mumlengalenga posintha zida.
Mayeserowa adagwiritsa ntchito gawo lokhazikika la coaxial feeder la kalasi yoyezera, Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C, ndi ma adapter a N-SMA ochokera kumakampani odziwika bwino: Midwest Microwave, Amphenol, Pasternak, Narda.
Ma adapter otsika mtengo opangidwa ndi China sanagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chosowa kubwerezabwereza kwa kukhudzana panthawi yolumikizananso, komanso chifukwa cha kukhetsedwa kwa zokutira zofooka za antioxidant, zomwe adazigwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa golide wamba ...
Kuti mupeze mikhalidwe yofananira yofananira, musanayambe muyeso uliwonse, zidazo zidayesedwa ndi seti yofananira ya OSL calibrators, mu gulu lofananira la frequency ndi kutentha kwapano. OSL imayimira "Open", "Short", "Load", ndiko kuti, miyeso yoyezera: "mayeso otseguka", "mayeso afupipafupi" ndi "kuthetsedwa kwa katundu 50,0 ohms" omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa vekitala. network analyzers. Pamtundu wa SMA, tidagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeserera za Anritsu 22S50, zosinthidwa pafupipafupi kuchokera ku DC kupita ku 26,5 GHz, ulalo ku datasheet (masamba 49):
Pakusintha kwa mtundu wa N, motsatira Anritsu OSLN50-1, yokhazikika kuchokera ku DC kupita ku 6 GHz.
Kukaniza kuyeza pa katundu wofanana wa calibrator kunali 50 Β± 0,02 Ohm. Miyezoyo idachitidwa ndi ma multimeter otsimikizika, a labotale olondola kuchokera ku HP ndi Fluke.
Kuti muwonetsetse kulondola kwabwino, komanso mikhalidwe yofananira pamayesero ofananiza, mawonekedwe amtundu wofananira wa IF adayikidwa pazida, chifukwa chocheperako gululi, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kuyeza komanso kumveka kwa phokoso. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma scanner (pafupifupi ndi 1000) chinasankhidwanso.
Kuti mudziwe bwino ntchito zonse za reflectometer zomwe zikufunsidwa, pali ulalo wa malangizo a fakitale owonetsedwa:
Pamaso pa muyeso uliwonse, malo onse okwerera mu zolumikizira coaxial (SMA, RP-SMA, N mtundu) adayang'aniridwa mosamala, chifukwa pama frequency opitilira 2-3 GHz, ukhondo ndi mawonekedwe a antioxidant pamwamba pa olumikizana awa amayamba kuwoneka bwino. zotsatira za muyeso ndi kukhazikika kubwereza kwawo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga kunja kwa pini yapakati mu coaxial cholumikizira kukhala choyera, ndi mating amkati a collet pa theka la mating. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi oluka oluka. Kuyendera koteroko ndi kuyeretsa koyenera kumachitika kawirikawiri pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu, kapena pansi pa lens yokulirapo.
M'pofunikanso kupewa kukhalapo kwa kutha zitsulo shavings padziko insulators mu mating coaxial zolumikizira, chifukwa iwo anayamba kuyambitsa capacitance parasitic, kwambiri kusokoneza ntchito ndi kufala chizindikiro.
Chitsanzo cha kutsekeka kwachitsulo kwa zolumikizira za SMA zomwe sizikuwoneka ndi maso:
Malinga ndi zofunikira za fakitale za opanga ma microwave coaxial zolumikizira zokhala ndi ulusi wamtundu wolumikizira, polumikizana, sikuloledwa kuzungulitsa cholumikizira chapakati cholowa mucollet chomwe chimalandira. Kuti tichite izi, m'pofunika kugwira axial m'munsi wa wononga-pa theka la cholumikizira, kulola kokha kuzungulira kwa nati palokha, osati lonse wononga-pa dongosolo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukanda ndi zina zamakina kuvala kwa malo okwerera kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, kupereka kukhudzana kwabwinoko ndikutalikitsa kuchuluka kwa maulendo oyendayenda.
Tsoka ilo, amateurs ochepa amadziwa za izi, ndipo ambiri amaziwononga kwathunthu, nthawi iliyonse ndikukanda zowonda kale za malo omwe akugwira ntchito. Izi nthawi zonse zimatsimikiziridwa ndi makanema ambiri pa Yu.Tube, kuchokera kwa omwe amatchedwa "testers" a zida zatsopano za microwave.
Mukuwunikaku koyesaku, kulumikizana konse kwa zolumikizira za coaxial ndi ma calibrator kunachitika mosamalitsa motsatira zomwe zili pamwambapa.
M'mayeso ofananiza, tinyanga zingapo zosiyanasiyana zidayesedwa kuti ziwone kuwerengera kwa reflectometer mumayendedwe osiyanasiyana.
Kuyerekeza kwa 7-element Uda-Yagi mlongoti wa 433 MHz range (LPD)
Popeza tinyanga tamtunduwu nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi lobe yodziwika bwino, komanso ma lobes angapo am'mbali, kuti ayesedwe, zinthu zonse zozungulira zosasunthika zinkawonedwa makamaka, mpaka kutseka mphaka m'nyumba. Kotero kuti pojambula mitundu yosiyanasiyana paziwonetsero, sizingafike pamtunda wa lobe yakumbuyo, ndikuyambitsa chisokonezo mu graph.
Zithunzizo zili ndi zithunzi za zida zitatu, mitundu 4 kuchokera pa chilichonse.
Chithunzi chapamwamba chimachokera ku VR 23-6200, chapakati chikuchokera ku Anritsu S361E, ndipo chapansi chimachokera ku GenCom 747A.
Zithunzi za VSWR:
Ma graph otayika owonetsedwa:
Zithunzi za Wolpert-Smith impedance:
Ma grafu agawo:
Monga mukuwonera, ma graph omwe amabwera ndi ofanana kwambiri, ndipo miyeso imabalalika mkati mwa 0,1% ya zolakwika.
Kuyerekeza kwa 1,2 GHz coaxial dipole
VSWR:
Bweretsani zotayika:
Wolpert-Smith chart:
Gawo:
Apanso, zida zonse zitatu, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa resonance kwa mlongoti uwu, zidagwera mkati mwa 0,07%.
Kuyerekeza kwa nyanga ya 3-6 GHz
Chingwe chowonjezera chokhala ndi zolumikizira zamtundu wa N chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pano, chomwe chinayambitsa pang'ono kusalingana mumiyeso. Koma popeza ntchitoyo inali kungoyerekeza zida, osati zingwe kapena tinyanga, ndiye ngati pali vuto panjira, ndiye kuti zida ziyenera kuwonetsa momwe zilili.
Kuwongolera kwa ndege yoyezera (reference) poganizira adapter ndi feeder:
VSWR mu gulu kuchokera 3 mpaka 6 GHz:
Bweretsani zotayika:
Wolpert-Smith chart:
Magawo azithunzi:
5,8 GHz Circular Polarization Antenna Comparison
VSWR:
Bweretsani zotayika:
Wolpert-Smith chart:
Gawo:
Muyezo wofananira wa VSWR wa fyuluta yaku China 1.4 GHz LPF
Zosefera mawonekedwe:
Zithunzi za VSWR:
Kuyerekeza kutalika kwa feeder (DTF)
Ndinaganiza zoyezera chingwe chatsopano cha coaxial chokhala ndi zolumikizira zamtundu wa N:
Pogwiritsa ntchito muyeso wa tepi wa mamita awiri m'masitepe atatu, ndinayeza mamita 3 masentimita 5.
Izi ndi zomwe zidawonetsa:
Apa, monga akunena, ndemanga ndizosafunikira.
Kuyerekeza kulondola kwa jenereta yotsata yomwe idamangidwa
Chithunzi ichi cha GIF chili ndi zithunzi 10 zowerengera ma frequency a Ch3-54 mita. Mahalofu apamwamba azithunzi ndi omwe amawerengedwa pa VR 23-6200. Ma halofu otsika ndi ma sign omwe amaperekedwa kuchokera ku Anritsu reflectometer. Ma frequency asanu adasankhidwa kuti ayesedwe: 23, 50, 100, 150 ndi 200 MHz. Ngati Anritsu adapereka ma frequency ndi ziro m'zigawo zotsika, ndiye kuti VR yaying'ono idaperekedwa ndi kuchulukirako pang'ono, kukulira m'mawerengero ndikuchulukirachulukira:
Ngakhale, molingana ndi mawonekedwe a wopanga, izi sizingakhale "zochotsa", chifukwa sizidutsa manambala awiri olengezedwa, pambuyo pa chizindikiro cha decimal.
Zithunzi zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu gif za "zokongoletsa" zamkati mwa chipangizocho:
Zotsatira:
Ubwino wa chipangizo cha VR 23-6200 ndi mtengo wake wotsika mtengo, kunyamulika kosunthika ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwathunthu, osafunikira chiwonetsero chakunja kuchokera pakompyuta kapena foni yam'manja, yokhala ndi ma frequency angapo omwe amawonetsedwa pazolemba. Kuphatikiza kwina ndikuti iyi si scalar, koma mita yokwanira ya vector. Monga momwe tingawonere kuchokera ku zotsatira za miyeso yofananira, VR siili yotsika ku zipangizo zazikulu, zotchuka komanso zodula kwambiri. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kukwera padenga (kapena mlongoti) kuti muwone momwe zodyetsera ndi tinyanga zili bwino ndi mwana wotero kusiyana ndi chipangizo chokulirapo komanso cholemera. Ndipo pamtundu wamakono wa 5,8 GHz wothamanga wa FPV (ma multicopter oyendetsedwa ndi wailesi ndi ndege, zowulutsa makanema pamagalasi kapena zowonetsera), nthawi zambiri ndizofunikira. Popeza imakupatsani mwayi wosankha mlongoti wabwino kwambiri kuchokera pazotsalira pomwe mukuwuluka, kapenanso pa ntchentche yongolani ndikusintha mlongoti womwe udaphwanyika galimoto yowuluka ikagwa. Chipangizocho chikhoza kunenedwa kuti ndi "thumba la thumba", ndipo ndi kulemera kwake kochepa kumatha kupachika mosavuta ngakhale pa chakudya chochepa kwambiri, chomwe chimakhala chosavuta pogwira ntchito zambiri zakumunda.
Zoyipa zimawonedwanso:
1) Chotsalira chachikulu chogwirira ntchito cha reflectometer ndikulephera kupeza msanga zochepera kapena zochulukirapo pa tchati chokhala ndi zolembera, osatchulanso kusaka kwa "delta", kapena kusaka kotsatira (kapena kwam'mbuyo) zocheperako / zochulukirapo.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimafunidwa mumitundu ya LMag ndi SWR, pomwe kuthekera uku kuwongolera zolembera kumasowa kwambiri. Muyenera yambitsa cholembera muzosankha zofananira, ndiyeno sunthani cholembera pamanja pamlingo wocheperako kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwafupipafupi ndi mtengo wa SWR panthawiyo. Mwina mu firmware wotsatira wopanga adzawonjezera ntchito yotere.
1 a) Komanso, chipangizocho sichingagawanenso mawonekedwe owonetsera omwe amafunidwa posinthana pakati pa miyeso.
Mwachitsanzo, ndinasintha kuchoka ku VSWR kupita ku LMag (Kubwerera Kutayika), ndipo zolembera zikuwonetsabe mtengo wa VSWR, pamene momveka bwino ayenera kusonyeza mtengo wa gawo lowonetsera mu dB, ndiko kuti, zomwe graph yosankhidwa ikuwonetsa panopa.
N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mitundu ina yonse. Kuti muwerenge zomwe zikugwirizana ndi graph yosankhidwa patebulo la zolembera, nthawi iliyonse muyenera kupatsanso mawonekedwe owonetsera pazolemba 4 zilizonse. Zikuwoneka ngati chinthu chaching'ono, koma ndikufuna pang'ono "automation".
1 b) Munjira yoyezera kwambiri ya VSWR, sikelo ya matalikidwe singasinthidwe kukhala yatsatanetsatane, yochepera 2,0 (mwachitsanzo, 1,5, kapena 1.3).
2) Pali chodabwitsa chaching'ono pakuwongolera kosagwirizana. Kunena zowona, nthawi zonse pamakhala mawerengedwe "otseguka" kapena "ofanana". Ndiko kuti, palibe luso lokhazikika lojambulira muyeso wa calibrator, monga momwe zimakhalira pazida zina za VNA. Nthawi zambiri pamachitidwe oyeserera, chipangizocho chimadzipangitsa kuti chikhale chokhazikika (chotsatira) ndikuchiwerengera kuti chiwerengedwe.
Ndipo pa ARINST, ufulu wosankha kudina konse katatu kojambulira kumaperekedwa nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo asamavutike kwambiri pochita gawo lotsatira. Ngakhale sindinasokonezekepo, ngati ndikanikizani batani lomwe silikugwirizana ndi kumapeto komwe kulumikizidwa kwa calibrator, pali kuthekera kosavuta kupanga cholakwika chotere.
Mwina pakusintha kwa firmware kotsatira, opanga "asintha" "kufanana" kotseguka kumeneku kukhala "ndondomeko" kuti athetse cholakwika chomwe chingachitike kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndipotu, palibe chifukwa choti zida zazikulu zimagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yomveka bwino pochita zinthu ndi miyeso ya calibration, kuti athetse zolakwika zotere kuchokera ku chisokonezo.
3) yopapatiza kwambiri kutentha calibration osiyanasiyana. Ngati Anritsu pambuyo ma calibration amapereka osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo) kuchokera +18 Β° C mpaka +48 Β° C, ndiye Arinst ndi Β± 3 Β° C kokha kuchokera ku kutentha kwa calibration, komwe kungakhale kochepa panthawi yogwira ntchito (kunja), mu dzuwa, kapena mu mithunzi.
Mwachitsanzo: Ndinayesa pambuyo pa nkhomaliro, koma mumagwira ntchito ndi miyeso mpaka madzulo, dzuwa litapita, kutentha kwatsika ndipo kuwerengera sikulondola.
Pazifukwa zina, uthenga woyimitsa sutuluka umanena kuti "sinthaninso chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kunayambira kale kukhala kunja kwa kutentha." M'malo mwake, miyeso yolakwika imayamba ndi ziro yosuntha, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za kuyeza.
Poyerekeza, nayi momwe Anritsu OTDR amanenera:
4) Kwa m'nyumba ndi zachilendo, koma kumadera otseguka chiwonetsero chimakhala chochepa kwambiri.
Kunja kunja kwadzuwa, palibe chomwe chimawerengedwa konse, ngakhale mutaphimba chinsalu ndi dzanja lanu.
Palibe njira yosinthira kuwunikira konse.
5) Ndikufuna kugulitsa mabatani a hardware kwa ena, chifukwa ena samayankha nthawi yomweyo kukanikiza.
6) Chophimbacho sichimayankha m'malo ena, ndipo m'malo ena chimakhala chovuta kwambiri.
Mapeto pa VR 23-6200 reflectometer
Ngati simumamatira ku minuses, ndiye poyerekeza ndi bajeti zina, zosunthika komanso zopezeka kwaulere pamsika, monga RF Explorer, N1201SA, KC901V, RigExpert, SURECOM SW-102, NanoVNA - izi Arinst VR 23-6200 zikuwoneka ngati chisankho chopambana kwambiri. Chifukwa ena ali ndi mtengo womwe siwotsika mtengo kwambiri, kapena ali ndi malire mu band ya ma frequency ndipo chifukwa chake sakhala wapadziko lonse lapansi, kapena kwenikweni ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa zidole. Ngakhale kuti inali yodzichepetsa komanso yotsika mtengo, VR 23-6200 vector reflectometer inakhala chipangizo chabwino kwambiri, komanso chosavuta. Ngati okhawo opanga akadamaliza zovuta zomwe zilimo ndikukulitsa pang'ono mafupipafupi afupipafupi a ma radio amateurs a shortwave, chipangizochi chikadakhala chokwera pakati pa ogwira nawo ntchito padziko lonse lapansi amtunduwu, chifukwa zotsatira zake zikadakhala zotsika mtengo: kuchokera "KaVe to eFPeVe", ndiye kuti, kuchokera ku 2 MHz pa HF (160 metres), mpaka 5,8 GHz kwa FPV (5 centimita). Ndipo makamaka popanda kupuma mu gulu lonse, mosiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika pa RF Explorer:
Mosakayikira, ngakhale njira zotsika mtengo zidzawonekera posachedwa pazifukwa zambiri, ndipo izi zidzakhala zabwino! Koma pakadali pano (panthawi ya June-Julayi 2019), m'malingaliro anga odzichepetsa, reflectometer iyi ndi yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa zonyamula komanso zotsika mtengo, zopezeka pamalonda.
- Gawo lachiwiri
Spectrum analyzer yokhala ndi tracking jenereta SSA-TG R2
Chipangizo chachiwiri sichikhala chosangalatsa kuposa vekitala reflectometer.
Imakulolani kuyeza magawo a "mapeto mpaka kumapeto" a zida zosiyanasiyana za ma microwave mumayendedwe a 2-port muyeso (mtundu wa S21). Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuyang'ana momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito ndikuyesa kupindula kwa ma boosters, amplifiers, kapena kuchuluka kwa ma sign attenuation (kutaya) mu ma attenuators, zosefera, zingwe za coaxial (zodyetsa), ndi zida zina zogwira ntchito ndi ma module, omwe sangathe zachitika ndi refleometer ya doko limodzi.
Ichi ndi chowunikira chathunthu, chomwe chimaphimba ma frequency ambiri komanso mosalekeza, zomwe sizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa zida zotsika mtengo za amateur. Kuphatikiza apo, pali jenereta yotsatirira yokhazikika yama siginecha a wailesi, komanso pamitundu yambiri. Komanso thandizo lofunikira la reflectometer ndi mita ya mlongoti. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowona ngati pali kupatuka kulikonse kwa ma frequency onyamulira mu ma transmitters, parasitic intermodulation, clipping, etc ....
Ndipo kukhala ndi jenereta yolondolera ndi chowunikira ma spectrum, ndikuwonjezera cholumikizira chakunja (kapena mlatho), kumakhala kotheka kuyeza VSWR yomweyo ya tinyanga, ngakhale mumayendedwe a scalar, osaganizira gawo, momwe zingakhalire. mlandu wokhala ndi vector imodzi.
Lumikizani ku Fakitale Buku:
Chipangizochi chinali makamaka poyerekeza ndi ophatikizana kuyeza zovuta GenCom 747A, ndi chapamwamba malire pafupipafupi mpaka 4 GHz. Komanso kuchita nawo mayesero anali latsopano mwatsatanetsatane-kalasi mphamvu mita Anritsu MA24106A, ndi matebulo fakitale-waya kudzudzulidwa kwa pafupipafupi anayeza ndi kutentha, normalized kuti 6 GHz pafupipafupi.
Shelufu yaphokoso ya Spectrum analyzer, yokhala ndi "stub" yofananira pakulowetsamo:
Zochepa zinali -85,5 dB, zomwe zinapezeka m'dera la LPD (426 MHz).
Kupitilira apo, kuchuluka kwafupipafupi kumawonjezeka, phokoso laphokoso limakulanso pang'ono, zomwe ndizachilengedwe:
1500 MHz - 83,5 dB. 2400 MHz - 79,6 dB. Pa 5800 MHz - 66,5 dB.
Kuyeza kupindula kwa chowonjezera chothandizira cha Wi-Fi kutengera gawo la XQ-02A
Mbali yapadera ya chilimbikitso ichi ndi chosinthira chodziwikiratu, chomwe, mphamvu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, sichisunga nthawi yomweyo amplifier m'boma. Mwa kusanja mwamphamvu zowongolera pa chipangizo chachikulu, tinatha kudziwa poyambira kuyatsa makina opangidwa mkati. Zinapezeka kuti chilimbikitsocho chimasinthira kukhala yogwira ndikuyamba kukulitsa chizindikiro chodutsa pokhapokha ngati chili chachikulu kuposa 4 dBm (0,4 mW):
Pachiyeso ichi pa chipangizo chaching'ono, mulingo wotulutsa wa jenereta womangidwa, womwe uli ndi zosintha zolembedwa m'mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito, kuchokera ku minus 15 mpaka kuchotsera 25 dBm, sizinali zokwanira. Ndipo apa tinkafunika kuchotsera 4, yomwe ili yochulukirapo kuposa kuchotsera 15. Inde, zinali zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito amplifier kunja, koma ntchitoyo inali yosiyana.
Ndidayeza kupindula kwa chilimbikitso chosinthira ndi chipangizo chachikulu, chidakhala 11 dB, molingana ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Pazifukwa izi, kachipangizo kakang'ono kanatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso chozimitsa, koma ndi mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinapezeka kuti chowonjezera chopanda mphamvu chinafooketsa chizindikiro chodutsa mumlongoti ndi nthawi 12.000. Pachifukwa ichi, kamodzi kuwuluka ndikuiwala kupereka mphamvu kwa chilimbikitso chakunja mu nthawi yake, Longrange hexacopter, atawuluka mamita 60-70, anaima ndi kusinthana auto-kubwerera kumalo onyamuka. Ndiye kufunikira kudayamba kuti tipeze mtengo wodutsa-kuchepetsa amplifier yozimitsa. Zinapezeka kuti 41-42 dB.
Jenereta ya phokoso 1-3500 MHz
Jenereta yosavuta ya amateur, yopangidwa ku China.
Kuyerekeza kwa mzere wamawerengedwe mu dB ndikosayenera apa, chifukwa chakusintha kosalekeza kwa matalikidwe pamafuridwe osiyanasiyana obwera chifukwa cha momwe phokosoli likuyendera.
Koma, komabe, zinali zotheka kutenga ma graph ofanana kwambiri, oyerekeza pafupipafupi kuchokera pazida zonse ziwiri:
Apa ma frequency osiyanasiyana pazida adayikidwa ofanana, kuyambira 35 mpaka 4000 MHz.
Ndipo ponena za matalikidwe, monga mukuonera, mfundo zofanana kwambiri zinapezedwanso.
Kuyankha pafupipafupi (muyeso wa S21), fyuluta LPF 1.4
Fyuluta iyi idatchulidwa kale mu theka loyamba la ndemanga. Koma pamenepo VSWR yake idayezedwa, ndipo apa kuyankha pafupipafupi kwapatsirana, komwe mutha kuwona bwino lomwe ndi zomwe zimadutsa, komanso komwe kumadula komanso kuchuluka kwake.
Apa mutha kuwona mwatsatanetsatane kuti zida zonse zidajambulitsa kuyankha pafupipafupi kwa fyulutayi pafupifupi mofanana:
Pamafupipafupi a 1400 MHz, Arinst adawonetsa matalikidwe a minus 1,4 dB (cholembera buluu Mkr 4), ndi GenCom kuchotsa 1,79 dB (chikhochi M5).
Kuyeza kuchepa kwa attenuators
Pamiyeso yofananiza ndinasankha zowongolera zolondola kwambiri, zodziwika bwino. Makamaka osati achi China, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu.
Ma frequency osiyanasiyana akadali omwewo, kuyambira 35 mpaka 4000 MHz. Calibration wa mode awiri doko kuyeza kunachitika monga mosamala, ndi kuvomerezedwa kulamulira mlingo wa ukhondo padziko lonse kulankhula pa mating coaxial zolumikizira.
Zotsatira zoyezera pamlingo wa 0 dB:
Mafupipafupi a sampuli adapangidwa kukhala apakatikati, pakati pa gulu lopatsidwa, lomwe ndi 2009,57 MHz. Chiwerengero cha ma scanner chinalinso chofanana, 1000+1.
Monga mukuonera, zotsatira za kuyeza kwa chitsanzo chomwecho cha 40 dB attenuator chinakhala choyandikira, koma chosiyana pang'ono. Arinst SSA-TG R2 adawonetsa 42,4 dB, ndi GenCom 40,17 dB, zinthu zina zonse kukhala zofanana.
Attenuator 30 dB
Arinst = 31,9 dB
GenCom = 30,08 dB
Pafupifupi kufalikira kwakung'ono kofananira m'machulukidwe kunapezedwanso poyezera zowongolera zina. Koma kuti apulumutse nthawi ndi malo a owerenga m'nkhaniyi, iwo sanaphatikizidwe mu ndemanga iyi, chifukwa ali ofanana ndi miyeso yomwe yaperekedwa pamwambapa.
Min ndi max track
Ngakhale kuti chipangizochi ndi chosavuta komanso chosavuta, opanga awonjezera njira yothandiza monga kuwonetsa zocheperako komanso kuchuluka kwa nyimbo zomwe zikusintha, zomwe zimafunidwa ndi makonda osiyanasiyana.
Zithunzi zitatu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu chithunzi cha gif, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha 5,8 GHz LPF fyuluta, kulumikizana komwe kunayambitsa dala phokoso ndi zosokoneza:
Njira yachikasu ndiye njira yosesa kwambiri.
Nyimbo yofiyira ndiye kuchuluka kwa zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pamtima kuchokera pakusesa kwakale.
Njira yobiriwira yobiriwira (imvi pambuyo pokonza zithunzi ndi kuponderezedwa) ndiye kuyankha kocheperako pafupipafupi, motsatana.
Muyezo wa Antenna VSWR
Monga tafotokozera kumayambiriro kwa ndemanga, chipangizochi chimatha kulumikiza Direct coupler yakunja, kapena mlatho woyezera womwe umaperekedwa padera (koma mpaka 2,7 GHz). Pulogalamuyi imapereka ma calibration a OSL kuti awonetse ku chipangizocho malo ofotokozera a VSWR.
Chowonetsedwa apa ndi cholumikizira cholozera chokhala ndi zoyezera zokhazikika, koma zolumikizidwa kale pachidacho mutamaliza kuyeza kwa SWR. Koma apa zimaperekedwa pamalo okulirapo, chifukwa chake musanyalanyaze kusagwirizana ndi kulumikizana komwe kumawonekera. Chowongolera chowongolera chimalumikizidwa kumanzere kwa chipangizocho, koma chopindika ndi zolembera kumbuyo. Kenako perekani chiwongolero kuchokera pa jenereta (doko lakumtunda) ndikuchotsa mafunde omwe akuwonekera kuti alowe mu chowunikira (doko lotsika) likuyenda bwino.
Zithunzi ziwiri zophatikizidwa zikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha kulumikizana koteroko komanso kuyeza kwa VSWR kwa mlongoti woyezedwa pamwambapa wozungulira polarization wamtundu wa "Clover", 5,8 GHz.
Popeza kuthekera uku kuyeza VSWR sikuli pakati pa zolinga zazikulu za chipangizochi, komabe pali mafunso omveka okhudza izi (monga momwe tingawonere pazithunzi zowerengera zowonetsera). Sikelo yodziwika bwino komanso yosasinthika yowonetsera graph ya VSWR, yokhala ndi mtengo waukulu mpaka mayunitsi 6. Ngakhale chithunzichi chikuwonetsa pafupifupi cholondola chokhotakhota cha VSWR cha mlongoti uwu, pazifukwa zina mtengo weniweni wa cholembera sukuwonetsedwa mumtengo wa manambala, magawo khumi ndi zana sawonetsedwa. Makhalidwe owerengeka okha ndi omwe amawonetsedwa, monga 1, 2, 3 ... Patsala, titero, kutsika kwa zotsatira za muyeso.
Ngakhale pakuyerekeza movutikira, kuti mumvetsetse ngati mlongoti ndiwotheka kapena wawonongeka, ndizovomerezeka. Koma kusintha kwabwino pakugwira ntchito ndi mlongoti kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kuti n'kotheka.
Kuyeza kulondola kwa jenereta yomangidwa
Mofanana ndi reflectometer, apanso, malo awiri okha olondola amatchulidwa muzolemba zamakono.
Komabe, ndizopanda nzeru kuyembekezera kuti chipangizo chamthumba cha bajeti chidzakhala ndi ma frequency a rubidium pabwalo. *smile emoticon*
Koma, ngakhale zili choncho, wowerenga wofuna kudziwa angakhale ndi chidwi ndi kukula kwa zolakwika mu jenereta yaying'ono yotere. Koma popeza ma frequency otsimikizika otsimikizika analipo mpaka 250 MHz, ndidangoyang'ana ma frequency a 4 pansi pamtunduwo, kuti ndingomvetsetsa zolakwika, ngati zilipo. Zindikirani kuti zithunzi zochokera ku chipangizo china zidakonzedwanso pama frequency apamwamba. Koma kuti tisunge malo m'nkhaniyi, iwo sanaphatikizidwe mu ndemangayi, chifukwa cha kutsimikiziridwa kwa chiwerengero chofanana cha chiwerengero cha zolakwika zomwe zilipo mu manambala apansi.
Zithunzi zinayi za maulendo anayi anasonkhanitsidwa mu chithunzi cha gif, komanso kusunga malo: 50,00; 100,00; 150,00 ndi 200,00 MHz
Mchitidwe ndi kukula kwa zolakwika zomwe zilipo zikuwonekera bwino:
50,00 MHz ali owonjezera pang'ono mafupipafupi jenereta, ndicho 954 Hz.
100,00 MHz, motero, pang'ono, +1,79 KHz.
150,00 MHz, ngakhale +1,97 KHz
200,00 MHz, + 3,78 KHz
Kupitilira apo, ma frequency adayezedwa ndi GenCom analyzer, yomwe idakhala ndi mita yabwino yafupipafupi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati jenereta yomangidwa mu GenCom sinapereke ma hertz 800 pafupipafupi 50,00 MHz, ndiye kuti si ma frequency akunja okha omwe adawonetsa izi, koma chowunikira cha sipekitiramucho chinayeza ndendende kuchuluka komweko:
Pansipa pali chimodzi mwazithunzi zowonetsera, ndi kuchuluka kwa jenereta yomwe imamangidwa mu SSA-TG R2, pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wapakati wa Wi-Fi wa 2450 MHz monga chitsanzo:
Kuti muchepetse malo m'nkhaniyi, sindinatumizenso zithunzi zina zofananira za chiwonetserochi; m'malo mwake, chidule chachidule chazotsatira zamiyezo yamitundu yomwe ili pamwamba pa 200 MHz:
Pafupipafupi 433,00 MHz, owonjezera anali +7,92 KHz.
Pafupipafupi 1200,00 MHz, = +22,4 KHz.
Pafupipafupi 2450,00 MHz, = +42,8 KHz (pa chithunzi chapitachi)
Pafupipafupi 3999,50 MHz, = +71,6 KHz.
Komabe, magawo awiri a decimal omwe amanenedwa muzolemba za fakitale amasungidwa bwino pamitundu yonse.
Kuyerekeza matalikidwe a siginecha
Chithunzi cha gif chomwe chili pansipa chili ndi zithunzi 6 pomwe Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyzer imayesa oscillator yake pama frequency osankhidwa mwachisawawa.
50 MHz -8,1 dBm; 200 MHz -9,0 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,6 dBm;
2500 MHz -9,1 dBm; 3999 MHz - 5,1 dBm; 5800 MHz -9,1 dBm
Ngakhale matalikidwe apamwamba a jenereta amanenedwa kukhala osaposa 15 dBm, zenizeni zenizeni zina zimawoneka.
Kuti mudziwe zifukwa zomwe zimasonyezera matalikidwe awa, miyeso idatengedwa kuchokera ku jenereta ya Arinst SSA-TG R2, pa sensor yolondola ya Anritsu MA24106A, yokhala ndi zeroing pa katundu wofanana, musanayambe miyeso. Komanso, nthawi iliyonse mtengo wafupipafupi unalowetsedwa, kuti muyezedwe molondola poganizira ma coefficients, malinga ndi tebulo lokonzekera pafupipafupi ndi kutentha komwe kumasokedwa kuchokera ku fakitale.
35 MHz -9,04 dBm; 200 MHz -9,12 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,06 dBm;
2500 MHz -8,96 dBm; 3999 MHz - 7,48 dBm; 5800 MHz -7,02 dBm
Monga mukuwonera, milingo ya matalikidwe a siginecha yopangidwa ndi jenereta yomangidwa mu SSA-TG R2, wowunikira amayesa moyenera (kwa kalasi yolondola ya amateur). Ndipo matalikidwe a jenereta omwe akuwonetsedwa pansi pa chiwonetsero cha chipangizocho amakhala "wokokedwa", popeza kwenikweni adatulutsa mulingo wapamwamba kuposa momwe uyenera kukhalira m'malire osinthika kuchokera -15 mpaka -25 dBm.
Ndinkakayikira mozemba ngati sensa yatsopano ya Anritsu MA24106A inali yosocheretsa, kotero ndidayerekeza makamaka ndi katswiri wina wa labotale kuchokera ku General Dynamics, mtundu wa R2670B.
Koma ayi, kusiyana kwa matalikidwe kunapezeka kuti sikunali kwakukulu, mkati mwa 0,3 dBm.
Mamita amphamvu pa GenCom 747A adawonetsanso, osati kutali, kuti panali mulingo wochulukirapo kuchokera ku jenereta:
Koma pamlingo wa 0 dBm, kusanthula kwa Arinst SSA-TG R2 pazifukwa zina kupitirira pang'ono zizindikiro za matalikidwe, komanso kuchokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana a chizindikiro ndi 0 dBm.
Nthawi yomweyo, sensa ya Anritsu MA24106A ikuwonetsa 0,01 dBm kuchokera ku Anritsu ML4803A calibrator.
Kusintha mtengo wa attenuator pa touchscreen ndi chala chanu sikunawoneke bwino, chifukwa tepi yomwe ili ndi mndandanda imadumpha kapena nthawi zambiri imabwerera kumtengo wapatali. Zinakhala zosavuta komanso zolondola kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera chachikale pa izi:
Mukawona ma harmonics a siginecha yotsika ya 50 MHz, pafupifupi pagulu lonse la analyzer (mpaka 4 GHz), "kusokoneza" kwina kumakumana ndi ma frequency a 760 MHz:
Ndi gulu lokulirapo pama frequency apamwamba (mpaka 6035 MHz), kuti Span ikhale ndendende 6000 MHz, zosokoneza zimawonekeranso:
Komanso, chizindikiro chomwecho, kuchokera pa jenereta yomangidwanso mu SSA-TG R2, ikaperekedwa ku chipangizo china, sichikhala ndi vuto lotere:
Ngati kusokonezeka uku sikunadziwike pa analyzer wina, ndiye kuti vuto siliri mu jenereta, koma mu analyzer spectrum.
Attenuator yomangidwira kuti achepetse kukula kwa jenereta momveka bwino pamasitepe a 1 dB, masitepe ake onse 10. Pansi pa chinsalucho mutha kuwona momveka bwino njira yodutsa pamndandanda wanthawi, kuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a attenuator:
Kusiya doko lotulutsa la jenereta ndi doko lolowera la analyzer lolumikizidwa, ndidazimitsa chipangizocho. Tsiku lotsatira, nditayatsa, ndidapeza chizindikiro chokhala ndi ma harmonics wamba pama frequency osangalatsa a 777,00 MHz:
Nthawi yomweyo, jenereta inasiyidwa kuzimitsidwa. Pambuyo poyang'ana menyu, idazimitsidwa. Mwachidziwitso, palibe chomwe chimayenera kuwoneka pazotulutsa za jenereta ngati zidazimitsidwa dzulo. Ndinayenera kuyatsa pafupipafupi pa jenereta menyu, kenako ndikuzimitsa. Pambuyo pa izi, mafupipafupi achilendo amatha ndipo sawonekeranso, koma mpaka nthawi ina pamene chipangizo chonsecho chidzatsegulidwa. Zowonadi mu fimuweya wotsatira wopanga adzakonza kuzimitsa kotereku pakutulutsa kwa jenereta yozimitsa. Koma ngati palibe chingwe pakati pa madoko, ndiye kuti sizikuwoneka kuti chinachake chalakwika, kupatula kuti phokoso la phokoso ndilokwera pang'ono. Ndipo mutatha kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa jenereta mokakamiza, phokoso la phokoso limatsika pang'ono, koma ndi kuchuluka kosazindikirika. Ichi ndi chocheperako chogwirira ntchito, yankho lomwe limatenga masekondi atatu owonjezera mutayatsa chipangizocho.
Mkati mwa Arinst SSA-TG R2 akuwonetsedwa muzithunzi zitatu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu gif:
Kuyerekeza miyeso ndi makina akale a Arinst SSA Pro spectrum analyzer, omwe ali ndi foni yamakono pamwamba ngati chiwonetsero:
Zotsatira:
Monga momwe zinalili ndi Arinst VR 23-6200 reflectometer m'mbuyomo, chowunikira cha Arinst SSA-TG R2 chomwe chikuwunikiridwa apa chili, mofanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, kamphindi kakang'ono koma wothandizira kwambiri pawailesi amateur. Simafunikiranso zowonetsera zakunja pakompyuta kapena foni yam'manja ngati mitundu yam'mbuyomu ya SSA.
Mafupipafupi, osasunthika komanso osasokoneza, kuyambira 35 mpaka 6200 MHz.
Sindinaphunzire moyo weniweni wa batri, koma mphamvu ya batri ya lithiamu yomangidwa ndi yokwanira kwa moyo wautali wa batri.
Cholakwika chaching'ono pamiyezo ya chipangizo cha kalasi yaying'ono ngati iyi. Mulimonsemo, kwa amateur level ndizokwanira.
Mothandizidwa ndi wopanga, onse ndi firmware ndi kukonza thupi, ngati kuli kofunikira. Ikupezeka kale kuti igulidwe, ndiko kuti, osati mwadongosolo, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opanga ena.
Zoyipa zidawonedwanso:
Zosawerengeka komanso zosadziwika, zodziwikiratu za chizindikiro chokhala ndi mafupipafupi a 777,00 MHz mpaka kutulutsa kwa jenereta. Ndithudi kusamvana koteroko kudzathetsedwa ndi firmware yotsatira. Ngakhale mutadziwa za izi, zitha kuthetsedwa mosavuta mumasekondi atatu mwa kungoyatsa ndi kuzimitsa jenereta yomangidwa.
Chojambuliracho chimatenga pang'ono kuzolowera, popeza slider sichimayatsa mabatani onse nthawi yomweyo mukawasuntha. Koma ngati simusuntha ma slider, koma dinani pomwepo pamalo omaliza, ndiye kuti zonse zimagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo komanso momveka bwino. Izi sizongochepetsa, koma ndi "chinthu" cha zowongolera, makamaka pagulu la jenereta ndi chowongolera chowongolera.
Mukalumikizidwa kudzera pa Bluetooth, chowunikira chikuwoneka kuti chikulumikizana bwino ndi foni yamakono, koma sichiwonetsa ma graph oyankha pafupipafupi, monga SSA Pro yakale, mwachitsanzo. Pogwirizanitsa, zofunikira zonse za malangizowo zinawonedwa mokwanira, zomwe zafotokozedwa mu gawo 8 la malangizo a fakitale.
Ndinaganiza kuti popeza mawu achinsinsi amavomerezedwa, chitsimikiziro cha kusintha chikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi za smartphone, ndiye kuti mwina ntchitoyi ndi yongokweza firmware kudzera pa smartphone.
Koma ayi.
Mfundo 8.2.6 ikunena momveka bwino kuti:
8.2.6. Chipangizocho chidzalumikizana ndi piritsi/smartphone, graph ya sipekitiramu ya sipekitiramu ndi uthenga wokhudza kulumikizana ndi chipangizocho ConnectedtoARINST_SSA idzawonekera pazenera, monga chithunzi 28. (c)
Inde, chitsimikiziro chikuwoneka, koma palibe njira.
Ndinalumikizanso kangapo, nthawi iliyonse nyimboyo sinawonekere. Ndipo kuchokera ku SSA Pro yakale, nthawi yomweyo.
Kuipa kwina pankhani ya "kusinthasintha" kodziwika bwino, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwapamunsi kwa ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito, sikuli koyenera kwa ma radio amateurs a shortwave. Kwa RC FPV, amakwaniritsa komanso kwathunthu zosowa za amateurs ndi zabwino, kuposa pamenepo.
Zotsatira:
Nthawi zambiri, zida zonse ziwirizi zidasiya zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa zimapereka njira yoyezera, ngakhale kwa omwe akuchita masewera apamwamba pawailesi. Mfundo zamitengo sizikukambidwa pano, komabe ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa zofananira zina zapafupi kwambiri pamsika mugulu lambiri komanso mosalekeza, lomwe silingasangalale.
Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kungofanizira zipangizozi ndi zipangizo zamakono zoyezera, komanso kupereka owerenga zowerengera zowonetsera zithunzi, kuti apange malingaliro awo ndikupanga chisankho chodziimira pawokha chotheka kupeza. Palibe cholinga chilichonse chotsatsa chomwe chidatsatiridwa. Kuwunika kwa chipani chachitatu ndi kufalitsa zotsatira zowonera.
Source: www.habr.com