Kubwera kwa m'badwo wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa Intel Core processors, zidawonekera kwa ambiri kuti njira ya "Tick-tock" yomwe Intel anali kutsatira nthawi yonseyi yalephera. Lonjezo lochepetsera njira zamakono kuchokera ku 14 mpaka 10 nm linakhalabe lonjezo, nthawi yayitali ya "Taka" Skylake inayamba, pamene Kaby Lake (m'badwo wachisanu ndi chiwiri), mwadzidzidzi Nyanja ya Coffee (yachisanu ndi chitatu) inachitika ndi kusintha pang'ono kwa teknoloji. kuchokera ku 14 nm mpaka 14 nm + ndipo ngakhale Coffee Lake Refresh (yachisanu ndi chinayi). Zikuwoneka kuti Intel amafunikiradi kupuma pang'ono kwa khofi. Zotsatira zake, tili ndi ma processor angapo amibadwo yosiyana, omwe amachokera ku Skylake microarchitecture, mbali imodzi. Ndipo zitsimikizo za Intel kuti purosesa yatsopano iliyonse ndiyabwino kuposa yam'mbuyomu, imzake. Zowona, sizikudziwika bwino chifukwa chake ...
Choncho tiyeni tibwerere ku mibadwo yathu. Ndipo tiyeni tione mmene amasiyanirana.
Kaby nyanja
Mawonekedwe a mapurosesa mu malonda adachitika kumayambiriro kwa 2017. Ndi chiyani chatsopano m'banjali chokhudzana ndi omwe adayambitsa? Choyamba, ichi ndi chithunzi chatsopano chazithunzi - Intel UHD 630. Kuphatikiza kuthandizira kwa Intel Optane memory technology (3D Xpoint), komanso chipset chatsopano cha 200 (m'badwo wa 6 unagwira ntchito ndi mndandanda wa 100). Ndipo ndizo zonse zatsopano zosangalatsa kwambiri.
Nyanja ya Kafi
M'badwo wa 8, wotchedwa Coffee Lake, udatulutsidwa kumapeto kwa 2017. Mu mapurosesa a m'badwo uno, ma cores ndi cache yachitatu adawonjezedwa, Turbo Boost idakwezedwa ndi 200 megahertz, chithandizo cha DDR4-2666 chidawonjezedwa (kale panali DDR4-2400), koma kuthandizira kwa DDR3 kudadulidwa. Zithunzi zapakati zidakhalabe zomwezo, koma zidapatsidwa 50 MHz. Pakuwonjezeka konse kwa ma frequency tidayenera kulipira powonjezera phukusi la kutentha ku 95 watts. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, chipset chatsopano cha 300. Chotsatiracho sichinali chofunikira, chifukwa posakhalitsa akatswiri amatha kuyambitsa banjali pa chipsets 100-mndandanda, ngakhale oimira Intel adanena kuti izi sizingatheke chifukwa cha mapangidwe amagetsi. Pambuyo pake, Intel adavomereza kuti zinali zolakwika. Ndiye ndi chiyani chatsopano m'banja la 8? M'malo mwake, zikuwoneka ngati zotsitsimutsa pafupipafupi ndikuwonjezera ma cores ndi ma frequency.
Coffee Lake Refresh
Ayi! Nachi chotsitsimutsa kwa ife! Mu kotala yachinayi ya 2018, mapurosesa a Coffee Lake a 9 adatulutsidwa, okhala ndi chitetezo cha hardware ku zovuta zina za Meltdown/Specter. Kusintha kwa Hardware komwe kumapangidwa ku tchipisi tatsopano kumateteza ku Meltdown V3 ndi L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF Foreshadow). Kusintha kwa mapulogalamu ndi ma microcode kumateteza motsutsana ndi Specter V2, Meltdown V3a ndi V4. Chitetezo ku Specter V1 chidzapitirizabe kuikidwa pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito. Kuyambitsidwa kwa zigamba za chip-level kuyenera kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa zigamba zamapulogalamu pakuchita kwa purosesa. Koma Intel idakhazikitsa chisangalalo chonsechi ndikuteteza kokha mapurosesa a gawo la msika waukulu: i5-9600k, i7-9700k, i9-9900k. Aliyense, kuphatikizapo mayankho a seva, sanalandire chitetezo cha hardware. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya ma processor a Intel, mapurosesa a Coffee Lake Refresh amathandizira mpaka 128 GB ya RAM. Ndipo ndi zimenezo, palibenso zosintha.
Kodi tili ndi chiyani pamapeto pake? Zaka ziwiri zotsitsimula, kusewera ndi ma cores ndi ma frequency, kuphatikiza zosintha zazing'ono. Ndinkafunadi kuyesa ndi kufananiza machitidwe a oimira akuluakulu a mabanjawa. Chifukwa chake nditakhala ndi m'badwo wachisanu ndi chiwiri mpaka wachisanu ndi chinayi - i7-7700 yathu ndi i7-7700k idalumikizidwa posachedwa ndi i7-8700, i7-9700k ndi i9-9900k, ndidapezerapo mwayi ndikupanga zosiyana zisanu. Ma processor a Intel Core akuwonetsa zomwe angathe.
Kuyesa
Ma processor asanu a Intel akuphatikizidwa pakuyesa: i7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700, i7-9700k, i9-9900k.
Mawonekedwe a nsanja
Intel i7-8700, i7-9700k ndi i9-9900k processors ali ndi masinthidwe ofanana:
- Bolodi: Asus PRIME H310T (BIOS 1405),
- RAM: 16 GB DDR4-2400 MT/s Kingston 2 zidutswa, okwana 32 GB.
- SSD drive: 240 GB Patriot Burst 2 zidutswa mu RAID 1 (chizoloΕ΅ezi chomwe chinapangidwa zaka zambiri).
Mapurosesa a Intel i7-7700 ndi i7-7700k amayendetsanso papulatifomu yomweyo:
- Bolodi: Asus H110T (BIOS 3805),
- RAM: 8 GB DDR4-2400MT/s Kingston 2 zidutswa, okwana 16 GB.
- SSD drive: 240 GB Patriot Burst 2 zidutswa mu RAID 1.
Timagwiritsa ntchito chassis yopangidwa mwamakonda yomwe imakhala yayitali mayunitsi 1,5. Iwo amakhala ndi nsanja zinayi.
Gawo la mapulogalamu: OS CentOS Linux 7 x86_64 (7.6.1810).
Π―Π΄ΡΠΎ: 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64
Adapanga kukhathamiritsa kofananira ndi kukhazikitsa kokhazikika: zosankha zowonjezera zoyambitsa kernel elevator=noop selinux=0.
Kuyesa kumachitika ndi zigamba zonse kuchokera ku Specter, Meltdown ndi Foreshadow kuwukira komwe kumabwerera ku kernel iyi. Ndizotheka kuti zotsatira zoyesa pamakina a Linux atsopano komanso apano zitha kusiyana ndi zomwe zapezedwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zikhala bwino. Koma, choyamba, ineyo ndimakonda CentOS 7, ndipo, kachiwiri, RedHat ikubwezeretsanso zatsopano zokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha hardware kuchokera ku ma kernels atsopano kupita ku LTS yake. Ndi zomwe ndikuyembekeza :)
Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza
- sysbench
- Geekbench
- Maapatimenti Oyesera a Phoronix
Mayeso a Sysbench
Sysbench ndi phukusi la mayeso (kapena ma benchmark) owunikira magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakompyuta: purosesa, RAM, zida zosungira deta. Chiyesocho ndi chamitundu yambiri, pamagulu onse. Mu mayesowa ndinayeza zizindikiro ziwiri:
- Zochitika zothamanga za CPU pamphindikati - kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe purosesa pa sekondi iliyonse: kukwezeka kwamtengo, kumapangitsanso dongosolo.
- Ziwerengero zonse chiwerengero cha zochitika - chiwerengero cha zochitika zomwe zatsirizidwa. Chiwerengero chokwera, chimakhala bwino.
Geekbench mayeso
Phukusi la mayeso omwe amachitidwa mumtundu umodzi komanso wamitundu yambiri. Zotsatira zake, index ya magwiridwe antchito imaperekedwa pamitundu yonse iwiri. M'munsimu muli maulalo otengera zotsatira za mayeso. Mu mayesowa tiwona zizindikiro ziwiri zazikulu:
- Single-Core Score - mayeso a ulusi umodzi.
- Multi-Core Score - mayeso amitundu yambiri.
Mayunitsi a muyeso: abstract "parrots". Pamene "zinkhwe" zambiri, ndi bwino.
Phoronix Test Suite
Phoronix Test Suite ndi mayeso olemera kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti mayeso onse a phukusi la pts/cpu adachitika, ndipereka zotsatira zazomwe ndidapeza kuti ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, makamaka popeza zotsatira za mayeso osiyidwa zimangolimbitsa zomwe zikuchitika.
Pafupifupi mayesero onse omwe aperekedwa apa ndi amitundu yambiri. Zotsalira zokha ndi ziwiri mwazo: kuyesa kwa ulusi umodzi Himeno ndi LAME MP3 Encoding.
M'mayesero awa, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero, kumakhala bwino.
- Mayeso a John the Ripper okhala ndi ulusi wambiri. Tiyeni titenge Blowfish crypto algorithm. Imayesa kuchuluka kwa ntchito pa sekondi iliyonse.
- Mayeso a Himeno ndi mzere wa Poisson pressure solver pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Jacobi point.
- 7-Zip Compression - 7-Zip kuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito p7zip yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika oyeserera.
- OpenSSL ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma protocol a SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) ndi TLS (Transport Layer Security). Imayesa magwiridwe antchito a RSA 4096-bit OpenSSL.
- Apache Benchmark - Mayesowa amayesa kuchuluka kwa zopempha pa sekondi imodzi yomwe dongosolo lopatsidwa limatha kuchita pochita zopempha 1, zopempha 000 zikuyenda nthawi imodzi.
Ndipo mu izi, ngati zochepa ndi zabwino
- C-Ray imayesa momwe CPU ikugwirira ntchito powerengera malo oyandama. Mayesowa ali ndi ulusi wambiri (ulusi 16 pachimake), adzawombera 8 ray kuchokera pa pixel iliyonse pa anti-aliasing ndikupanga chithunzi cha 1600x1200. Nthawi yoyeserera imayesedwa.
- Parallel BZIP2 Compression - Kuyezetsa kumayesa nthawi yofunikira kuti upanikizike fayilo (Linux kernel source code .tar package) pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizika kwa BZIP2.
- Kuyika kwa data yama audio ndi makanema. Mayeso a LAME MP3 Encoding amayenda mu ulusi umodzi, pomwe mayeso a ffmpeg x264 amayenda ndi ulusi wambiri. Nthawi yotengedwa kuti amalize mayeso imayesedwa.
Monga mukuwonera, mayeso oyeserera amakhala ndi mayeso opangira okha omwe amakulolani kuti muwonetse kusiyana pakati pa mapurosesa pochita ntchito zina, mwachitsanzo, kudina mapasiwedi, ma encoding media, cryptography.
Mayesero opangidwa, mosiyana ndi mayesero omwe amachitidwa pansi pa zochitika pafupi ndi zenizeni, amatha kutsimikizira chiyero china cha kuyesa. Kwenikweni, ndicho chifukwa chake chisankhocho chinagwera pa synthetics.
Ndizotheka kuti mukamathetsa mavuto enaake pankhondo mutha kupeza zotsatira zosangalatsa komanso zosayembekezereka, komabe "kutentha kwapachipatala" kudzakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zomwe ndapeza kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyesa. Ndikothekanso kuti ngati ndiletsa chitetezo cha Specter/Meltdown poyesa ma processor a 9th, nditha kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Koma, poyangβana mβtsogolo, ndinganene kuti adzisonyeza kale kukhala abwino kwambiri.
Spoiler: ma cores, ulusi ndi ma frequency adzalamulira chisa.
Ngakhale ndisanayesedwe, ndinaphunzira mosamala mapangidwe a mabanja a processor awa, kotero ndimayembekezera kuti sipadzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa maphunziro oyesedwa. Komanso, sizofunika kwambiri ngati zodabwitsa: bwanji mudikirira zizindikiro zosangalatsa pamayesero ngati mukuchita miyeso pa mapurosesa omangidwa, makamaka, pachimake chimodzi. Zoyembekeza zanga zidakwaniritsidwa, koma zinthu zina sizinachitike monga momwe ndimaganizira ...
Ndipo tsopano, kwenikweni, zotsatira za mayeso.
Zotsatira zake ndi zomveka: aliyense amene ali ndi mitsinje yambiri komanso ma frequency apamwamba amapeza mfundo. Chifukwa chake, ma i7-8700 ndi i9-9900k ali patsogolo. Kusiyana pakati pa i7-7700 ndi i7-7700k ndi 10% pamayesero amtundu umodzi komanso amitundu yambiri. I7-7700 imatsalira kumbuyo kwa i7-8700 ndi 38% ndipo kuchokera ku i9-9900k ndi 49%, ndiko kuti, pafupifupi 2 nthawi, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo kumbuyo kwa i7-9700k ndi 15% yokha.
Maulalo azotsatira zoyeserera:
Zotsatira zoyeserera kuchokera ku The Phoronix Test Suite
Mu mayeso a John The Ripper, kusiyana pakati pa mapasa i7-7700 ndi i7-7700k ndi 10% mokomera "k", chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa Turboboost. Ma processor a i7-8700 ndi i7-9700k ali ndi kusiyana kochepa kwambiri. I9-9900k imaposa aliyense wokhala ndi ulusi wambiri komanso liwiro la wotchi yapamwamba. Pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha mapasa.
Zotsatira za mayeso a C-Ray zikuwoneka kwa ine zosangalatsa kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwaukadaulo wa Hyper-Treading mu i9-9900k mu mayeso amitundu yambiri kumapereka kungowonjezera pang'ono poyerekeza ndi i7-9700k. Koma mapasa anali pafupifupi ka 2 kumbuyo kwa mtsogoleri.
Mu mayeso a Himeno amtundu umodzi, kusiyana sikuli kwakukulu. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mibadwo 8 ndi 9 kuchokera kwa mapasa: i9-9900k imawaposa 18% ndi 15%, motero. Kusiyana pakati pa i7-8700 ndi i7-9700k ndi kuchuluka kwa zolakwika.
Amapasa amapambana mayeso a 7zip 44-48% oyipa kuposa mtsogoleri i9-9900k. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ulusi, i7-8700 imaposa i7-9700k ndi 9%. Koma izi sizokwanira kupitilira i9-9900k, kotero tikuwona kutsalira pafupifupi 18%.
Mayeso a nthawi yoponderezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito algorithm ya BZIP2 amawonetsa zotsatira zofanana: mitsinje imapambana.
Kusindikiza kwa MP3 ndi "makwerero" okhala ndi malire opitilira 19,5%. Koma mu mayeso a ffmpeg, i9-9900k imataya i7-8700 ndi i7-9700k, koma imamenya mapasa. Ndinabwereza mayesowa kangapo kwa i9-9900k, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana. Izi ndi zosayembekezereka kale :) Mu mayesero opangidwa ndi ulusi wambiri, makina ambiri opangidwa ndi ma processor oyesedwa amasonyeza zotsatira zochepa kwambiri, zotsika kuposa za 9700k ndi 8700. sindikufuna kupanga zongoganiza.
Mayeso a openssl akuwonetsa "makwerero" omwe ali ndi kusiyana pakati pa mzere wachiwiri ndi wachitatu. Kusiyana pakati pa mapasa ndi mtsogoleri i9-9900k ndi kuchokera 42% mpaka 47%. Kusiyana pakati pa i7-8700 ndi i9-9900k ndi 14%. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuyenda ndi ma frequency.
Mu mayeso a Apache, i7-9700k idapambana aliyense, kuphatikiza i9-9900k (6%). Koma kawirikawiri, kusiyana sikofunikira, ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kwa 7% pakati pa zotsatira zoipa za i7700-7 ndi zotsatira zabwino za i9700-24k.
Kawirikawiri, i9-9900k ndiye mtsogoleri pamayesero ambiri, akulephera mu ffmpeg. Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi kanema, ndi bwino kutenga i7-9700k kapena i7-8700. Pamalo achiwiri pamayimidwe onse ndi i7-9700k, kumbuyo pang'ono kwa mtsogoleri, komanso patsogolo pamayeso a ffmpeg ndi apache. Chifukwa chake ndimalimbikitsa molimba mtima ndi i9-9900k kwa iwo omwe amakumana ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito patsamba. Mapurosesa sayenera kulephera. Ndanena kale za kanema.
I7-8700 imachita bwino mu mayeso a Sysbench, 7zip ndi ffmpeg.
M'mayesero onse, i7-7700k ndiyabwino kuposa i7-7700 kuchokera ku 2% mpaka 14%, mu mayeso a ffmpeg 16%.
Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti sindinakonzenso zina kupatula zomwe zidawonetsedwa koyambirira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mukayika makina oyera pa Dedik yomwe mwagula kumene kwa ife, mudzapeza zotsatira zomwezo.
Cores, ulusi, ma frequency - chilichonse chathu
Kawirikawiri, zotsatira zake zinali zodziwikiratu komanso zoyembekezeredwa. Pafupifupi mayesero onse, "masitepe opita kumwamba" akuwonekera, kusonyeza kudalira kwa ntchito pa chiwerengero cha cores, ulusi ndi mafupipafupi: zambiri za izi, zotsatira zabwino.
Popeza kuti maphunziro onse oyesedwa amakhala otsitsimula pachimake chofanana pamapangidwe omwewo ndipo alibe kusiyana kofunikira pakumanga, sitinathe kupeza umboni "wodabwitsa" wosonyeza kuti mapurosesawo amasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
Kusiyana pakati pa mapurosesa a i7-9700k ndi i9-9900k pamayesero onse kupatula Sysbench amakhala ziro, popeza amasiyana kokha pamaso paukadaulo wa Hyper-Threading ndi ma megahertz zana owonjezera mu Turbo Boost mode ya i9-9900k. Mu mayeso a Sysbench ndizosiyana: si chiwerengero cha cores chomwe chimasankha, koma chiwerengero cha ulusi.
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamayesero amitundu yambiri pakati pa i7-7700 (k) ndi i9-9900k, m'malo ena mowirikiza kawiri. Palinso kusiyana pakati pa i7-7700 ndi i7-7700k - owonjezera 300 MHz amawonjezera agility kwa omaliza.
Sindingathenso kulankhula za momwe kukula kwa kukumbukira kwa cache pa zotsatira zoyesa - tili ndi zomwe tili nazo. Komanso, chitetezo chovomerezeka cha banja la Specter/Meltdown chiyenera kuchepetsa mphamvu ya voliyumu yake pazotsatira zoyesa, koma izi sizotsimikizika. Ngati wowerenga wokondedwa akufuna "mkate ndi ma circus" kuchokera ku dipatimenti yathu yamalonda, ndidzakhala wokondwa kukupoperani kuyesa ndi chitetezo cholemala.
Kwenikweni, mutandifunsa: mungasankhe purosesa iti? - Ndikadawerengera kaye ndalama zomwe zili m'thumba langa ndikusankha yomwe ili ndi zokwanira. Mwachidule, mukhoza kuchoka pa mfundo A kupita ku B mu Zhiguli, koma mu Mercedes akadali mofulumira komanso mosangalatsa. Mapurosesa opangidwa ndi zomangamanga zomwezo, mwanjira ina, amatha kuthana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana - zina bwino, zina zabwino kwambiri. Inde, monga momwe kuyesa kwasonyezera, palibe kusiyana kwapadziko lonse pakati pawo. Koma kusiyana pakati pa i7 ndi i9 sikunachoke.
Posankha purosesa ya ntchito zina zapadera, zapadera kwambiri, monga kugwira ntchito ndi mp3, kusonkhanitsa kuchokera ku magwero, kapena kupereka mawonekedwe a mbali zitatu ndi kukonza kuwala, ndizomveka kuyang'ana pa momwe mayesero oyenerera amachitira. Mwachitsanzo, okonza amatha kuyang'ana nthawi yomweyo i7-9700k ndi i9-9900k, ndipo pa mawerengedwe ovuta amatenga pulosesa ndi teknoloji ya Hyper-Threading, ndiko kuti, purosesa iliyonse kupatula i7-9700k. Mitsinje ikulamulira pano.
Kotero ndikukulangizani kuti musankhe zomwe mungakwanitse, poganizira zofunikira, ndipo mudzakhala osangalala.
Mayeserowa adagwiritsa ntchito ma seva otengera i7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700k, i7-9700k ndi mapurosesa a i9-9900k okhala ndi . Aliyense wa iwo akhoza kuyitanidwa ndi 5% kuchotsera kwa miyezi 3 - kukhudzana ndi mawu oti "Ndine wochokera kwa Habr." Mukamalipira pachaka, chotsaninso 10%.
Madzulo onse m'bwalo , woyang'anira dongosolo FirstDEDIC
Source: www.habr.com