Moni nonse, dzina langa ndi Igor Tyukachev ndipo ndine mlangizi wopitiliza bizinesi. Muzolemba zamasiku ano tikhala ndi zokambirana zazitali komanso zotopetsa za chowonadi chodziwika bwino.Ndikufuna kugawana zomwe ndakumana nazo ndikulankhula za zolakwika zazikulu zomwe makampani amapanga popanga dongosolo lopitiliza bizinesi.
1. RTO ndi RPO mwachisawawa
Cholakwika chachikulu chomwe ndachiwona ndichakuti nthawi yochira (RTO) imachotsedwa mumpweya wochepa thupi. Chabwino, kunja kwa buluu - mwachitsanzo, pali ziwerengero za zaka ziwiri zapitazo kuchokera ku SLA, zomwe wina adabweretsa kuchokera kumalo ogwirira ntchito. Nβchifukwa chiyani amachita zimenezi? Kupatula apo, molingana ndi njira zonse, muyenera kusanthula kaye zotsatira za njira zamabizinesi, ndikutengera kusanthula uku, kuwerengera nthawi yobwezeretsa chandamale ndi kutayika kovomerezeka kwa data. Koma kusanthula koteroko nthawi zina kumatenga nthawi yayitali, nthawi zina kumakhala kokwera mtengo, nthawi zina sikudziwika bwino momwe-kutsindika zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa. Ndipo chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo kwa ambiri ndi: βTonse ndife akuluakulu ndipo timamvetsetsa momwe bizinesi imayendera. Tisataye nthawi ndi ndalama! Tiyeni titenge kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Kuchokera pamutu mwanu, pogwiritsa ntchito luntha la proletarian! Lolani RTO ikhale maola awiri. "
Kodi izi zimabweretsa chiyani? Mukabwera ku kasamalidwe ka ndalama zogwirira ntchito kuti muwonetsetse RTO/RPO yofunikira ndi manambala ena, zimafunikira kulungamitsidwa. Ngati palibe kulungamitsidwa, ndiye funso limadzuka: mudazitenga kuti? Ndipo palibe choyankha. Zotsatira zake, chidaliro pa ntchito yanu chimatha.
Kupatula apo, nthawi zina kuchira kwa maola awiriwo kumawononga madola miliyoni. Ndipo kulungamitsa nthawi ya RTO ndi nkhani yandalama, ndipo zazikulu kwambiri pamenepo.
Ndipo potsiriza, pamene mubweretsa ndondomeko yanu ya BCP ndi / kapena DR kwa ochita masewera (omwe adzakhala akuthamanga ndi kugwedeza manja awo panthawi ya ngozi), adzafunsa funso lofananalo: Kodi maola awiriwa adachokera kuti? Ndipo ngati simungathe kufotokoza izi momveka bwino, ndiye kuti sadzakhala ndi chidaliro mwa inu kapena chikalata chanu.
Zimakhala ngati pepala chifukwa cha pepala, osalembetsa. Mwa njira, ena amachita izi mwadala, kuti angokwaniritsa zofunikira za woyang'anira.
Chabwino mukumvetsa
2. Machiritso a chilichonse
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti dongosolo la BCP limapangidwa kuti liteteze njira zonse zamabizinesi ku ziwopsezo zilizonse. Posachedwapa, funso lakuti "Kodi tikufuna kudziteteza ku chiyani?" Ndinamva yankho: "Zonse ndi zina zambiri."
Koma zoona zake nβzakuti dongosololi cholinga chake nβkungoteteza basi mwachindunji njira zazikulu zamabizinesi akampani kuchokera mwachindunji ziwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, musanapange dongosolo, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe ziwopsezo zimachitikira ndikuwunika zotsatira zake pabizinesi. Kuwunika kwachiwopsezo ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zomwe kampani ikuwopa. Pakawonongeka nyumba padzakhala ndondomeko yopitirizira, ngati kukakamizidwa kwa chilango - ina, ngati kusefukira kwa madzi - chachitatu. Ngakhale malo awiri ofanana m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana angakhale ndi mapulani osiyana kwambiri.
Sizingatheke kuteteza kampani yonse ndi BCP imodzi, makamaka yaikulu. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lalikulu la X5 Retail Group lidayamba kuwonetsetsa kupitiliza ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu zamabizinesi (tidalemba za izi ). Ndipo ndizosamveka kuyika kampani yonse ndi pulani imodzi; izi zikuchokera m'gulu la "udindo wapagulu", pomwe aliyense ali ndi udindo ndipo palibe amene ali ndi udindo.
Muyezo wa ISO 22301 uli ndi lingaliro la mfundo, zomwe, m'malo mwake, kupitilizabe pakampani kumayambira. Limafotokoza zimene tidzateteza ndi zimene. Ngati anthu abwera akuthamanga ndikufunsa kuti awonjezere izi ndi izo, mwachitsanzo:
- Tiyeni tionjezere ku BCP chiwopsezo choti tidzabedwa?
Kapena
- Posachedwapa, pamvula, malo athu apamwamba adasefukira - tiyeni tiwonjeze zomwe tingachite ngati kusefukira kwamadzi?
Kenako atumizireni ku ndondomekoyi ndikunena kuti timateteza katundu wina wa kampani komanso kuchokera ku ziwopsezo zomwe tagwirizana kale, chifukwa ndizo zofunika kwambiri tsopano.
Ndipo ngakhale malingaliro osintha ali oyeneradi, perekani kuti muwaganizire mu mtundu wotsatira wa ndondomekoyi. Chifukwa kuteteza kampani kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Choncho zosintha zonse za ndondomeko ya BCP ziyenera kudutsa mu komiti ya bajeti ndi kukonzekera. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwunikenso ndondomeko yopititsira patsogolo bizinesi ya kampani kamodzi pachaka kapena mwamsanga pambuyo pa kusintha kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka kampani kapena zochitika zakunja (owerenga angandikhululukire chifukwa chonena choncho).
3. Zongopeka ndi zenizeni
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti popanga dongosolo la BCP, olemba amafotokoza chithunzi chabwino cha dziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, "tilibe malo achiwiri a deta, koma tidzalemba ndondomeko ngati titero." Kapena bizinesiyo ilibe gawo lina lachitukuko, koma ogwira ntchito aziwonjezerabe pa ndondomekoyi ndi chiyembekezo kuti idzawonekera mtsogolomu. Ndiyeno kampaniyo idzatambasula zenizeni pa ndondomekoyi: pangani malo achiwiri a deta, fotokozani zosintha zina.
Kumanzere ndi zomangamanga zogwirizana ndi BCP, kumanja ndi zomangamanga zenizeni
Zonsezi ndi zolakwika. Kulemba dongosolo la BCP kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Ngati mulemba ndondomeko yomwe sikugwira ntchito panopa, mudzakhala mukulipira mapepala okwera mtengo kwambiri. N'zosatheka kuchira, n'zosatheka kuyesa. Zimakhala ngati ntchito chifukwa cha ntchito.
Mutha kulemba dongosolo mwachangu, koma kupanga zosunga zobwezeretsera ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pazothetsera zonse zodzitchinjiriza ndizotalika komanso zodula. Izi zitha kutenga chaka chimodzi. Ndipo zitha kukhala kuti muli ndi pulani kale, ndipo maziko ake adzawoneka m'zaka ziwiri. Nβchifukwa chiyani dongosolo loterolo likufunika? Idzakutetezani ku chiyani?
Zimakhalanso zongopeka pamene gulu lachitukuko la BCP likuyamba kulingalira akatswiri zomwe ayenera kuchita komanso nthawi yanji. Zimachokera m'gulu: "Mukaona chimbalangondo mu taiga, muyenera kutembenukira kwina ndi chimbalangondo ndikuthamanga pa liwiro loposa liwiro la chimbalangondo. Mβmiyezi yachisanu, uyenera kubisa mayendedwe ako.β
4. Nsonga ndi mizu
Cholakwika chachinayi chofunikira ndikupangitsa dongosolo kukhala lachiphamaso kapena mwatsatanetsatane. Tikufuna njira yagolide. Dongosololi lisakhale latsatanetsatane kwa zitsiru, koma lisakhale lachiwopsezo kwambiri kuti zinthu zonga izi zitheke:
Pa zosavuta zonse
5. Kwa Kaisara - zomwe ziri za Kaisara, kwa makaniko - zomwe ziri za makaniko.
Cholakwika chotsatira chimachokera m'mbuyomu: dongosolo limodzi silingagwirizane ndi zochitika zonse zamagulu onse otsogolera. Mapulani a BCP nthawi zambiri amapangidwira makampani akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri (mwa njira, malinga ndi athu , pafupifupi, 48% yamakampani akuluakulu aku Russia adakumana ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zidabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma) ndi dongosolo loyang'anira magawo angapo. Kwa makampani oterowo, sikoyenera kuyesa kuyika zonse mu chikalata chimodzi. Ngati kampaniyo ndi yayikulu komanso yopangidwa, ndiye kuti dongosololi liyenera kukhala ndi magawo atatu osiyana:
- strategic level - kwa oyang'anira akuluakulu;
- mlingo wanzeru - kwa oyang'anira apakati;
- ndi mlingo wa ntchito - kwa iwo omwe ali nawo mwachindunji m'munda.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikukamba za kubwezeretsa zomangamanga zomwe zalephera, ndiye kuti pamlingo wanzeru chigamulo chimapangidwa kuti ayambitse ndondomeko yobwezeretsanso, pamlingo wanzeru njira zoyendetsera ntchito zitha kufotokozedwa, ndipo pamlingo wogwira ntchito pali malangizo oti atumize mwachindunji. zidutswa za zida.
BCP popanda bajeti
Aliyense amawona gawo lawo laudindo komanso kulumikizana ndi antchito ena. Panthawi ya ngozi, aliyense amatsegula ndondomeko, amapeza mwamsanga gawo lawo ndikulitsatira. Moyenera, muyenera kukumbukira ndi mtima masamba omwe muyenera kutsegula, chifukwa nthawi zina mphindi zimawerengera.
6. Sewero
Kulakwitsa kwina popanga dongosolo la BCP: palibe chifukwa chophatikiza mayina, ma adilesi a imelo ndi zina zolumikizana nazo mu dongosololi. M'malemba a chikalatacho, maudindo okhawo omwe alibe umunthu ayenera kusonyezedwa, ndipo maudindowa ayenera kupatsidwa mayina a omwe ali ndi udindo pa ntchito zinazake ndipo omwe amalumikizana nawo ayenera kulembedwa m'mbali ya ndondomekoyi.
Chifukwa chiyani?
Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amasintha ntchito zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zilizonse. Ndipo ngati mulemba onse omwe ali ndi udindo ndi omwe amalumikizana nawo muzolemba za ndondomekoyi, ndiye kuti iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo m'makampani akuluakulu, makamaka aboma, kusintha kulikonse kwa chikalata chilichonse kumafuna matani ovomerezeka.
Osanenapo kuti ngati mwadzidzidzi pachitika ngozi ndipo mukuyenera kuthamangitsa dongosololi ndikuyang'ana njira yoyenera, mudzataya nthawi yamtengo wapatali.
Kuthyolako kwa Moyo: Mukasintha pulogalamu, nthawi zambiri simufunikira kuvomereza. Langizo lina: mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina osinthira osintha.
7. Kupanda kumasulira
Nthawi zambiri amapanga mtundu wa pulani 1.0, kenako amasintha zonse popanda kusintha, komanso osasintha dzina la fayilo. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri sizidziwika bwino zomwe zasintha poyerekeza ndi mtundu wakale. Popanda kumasulira, dongosololi limakhala moyo wake, womwe sutsatiridwa mwanjira iliyonse. Tsamba lachiwiri la dongosolo lililonse la BCP liyenera kusonyeza mtundu, wolemba zosintha, ndi mndandanda wa zosintha zokha.
Palibe amene angachizindikire
8. Ndifunse ndani?
Nthawi zambiri makampani alibe munthu yemwe ali ndi udindo pa dongosolo la BCP ndipo palibe dipatimenti yosiyana yomwe imayang'anira kupitiliza kwa bizinesi. Udindo wolemekezekawu umaperekedwa kwa CIO, wachiwiri wake, kapena malinga ndi mfundo yakuti "mumachita ndi chitetezo chazidziwitso, ndiye BCP yowonjezera." Zotsatira zake, ndondomekoyi imapangidwa, kuvomerezana ndikuvomerezedwa, kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi.
Ndani ali ndi udindo wosunga dongosolo, kukonzanso, ndi kukonzanso zomwe zili mmenemo? Izi sizingalembedwe. Kulemba antchito osiyana pazimenezi ndikuwononga, koma kukweza imodzi mwa zomwe zilipo ndi ntchito zowonjezera ndizotheka, chifukwa aliyense akuyesetsa kuti azichita bwino: "Tiyeni tiyike nyali pa iye kuti azitchetcha usiku," koma m'pofunika?
Tikuyang'ana omwe ali ndi udindo wa BCP patatha zaka ziwiri kuchokera pamene idapangidwa
Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimachitika motere: ndondomeko idapangidwa ndikuyika mubokosi lalitali kuti likhale lopangidwa ndi fumbi. Palibe amene amachiyesa kapena kusunga kufunika kwake. Mawu ambiri omwe ndimamva ndikabwera kwa kasitomala ndi: "Pali ndondomeko, koma idapangidwa kalekale, ngati idayesedwa sichidziwika, pali kukayikira kuti sichigwira ntchito."
9. Madzi ambiri
Pali mapulani omwe mawu oyambawo ali ndi masamba asanu, kuphatikiza kufotokozera zofunikira komanso zikomo kwa onse omwe atenga nawo gawo pantchitoyo, ndi chidziwitso cha zomwe kampaniyo imachita. Pofika nthawi yomwe mukupita ku tsamba lakhumi, komwe kuli chidziwitso chothandiza, malo anu a data adasefukira kale.
Pamene mukuyesera kuwerenga mpaka pano, muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati malo anu a data adzaza ndi madzi?
Ikani "madzi" onse amakampani muzolemba zosiyana. Dongosolo lokha liyenera kukhala lachindunji kwambiri: yemwe ali ndi udindo pa ntchitoyi amachita izi, ndi zina zotero.
10. Kodi phwandolo lidzaperekedwa kwa ndani?
Nthawi zambiri, opanga mapulani alibe thandizo kuchokera kwa oyang'anira apamwamba a kampani. Koma pali chithandizo chochokera kwa oyang'anira apakati omwe samayang'anira kapena alibe bajeti yofunikira komanso zothandizira kuyendetsa bizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, dipatimenti ya IT imapanga dongosolo la BCP mkati mwa bajeti yake, koma CIO sichiwona chithunzi chonse cha kampani. Chitsanzo chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri ndi msonkhano wapavidiyo. Kodi msonkhano wamakanema a CEO ukapanda kugwira ntchito angathamangitse ndani? CIO yemwe "sanapereke." Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pakuwona kwa CIO, ndi chiyani chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pakampaniyo? Zomwe anthu nthawi zonse "amamukonda": msonkhano wapavidiyo, womwe nthawi yomweyo umasanduka dongosolo lovuta kwambiri la bizinesi. Ndipo kuchokera ku bizinesi - chabwino, palibe VKS, tangoganizani, tidzakambirana pa foni, monga pansi pa Brezhnev ...
Kuphatikiza apo, dipatimenti ya IT nthawi zambiri imaganiza kuti ntchito yake yayikulu pakagwa tsoka ndikubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito amakampani a IT. Koma nthawi zina simuyenera kuchita izi! Ngati pali ndondomeko yamalonda mu mawonekedwe a mapepala osindikizira pa makina osindikizira okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndiye kuti simuyenera kugula chosindikizira chachiwiri ngati chosungira ndikuchiyika pafupi nacho ngati chawonongeka. Zingakhale zokwanira kukongoletsa kwakanthawi mapepala ndi manja.
Ngati tikumanga chitetezo chosalekeza mkati mwa IT, tiyenera kupempha thandizo kwa oyang'anira akuluakulu ndi oimira bizinesi. Kupanda kutero, mutapumira mkati mwa dipatimenti ya IT, mutha kuthana ndi zovuta zingapo, koma osati zonse zofunika.
Izi ndi zomwe zimawoneka ngati dipatimenti ya IT yokha ili ndi mapulani a DR
10. Palibe kuyesa
Ngati pali ndondomeko, iyenera kuyesedwa. Kwa iwo omwe sadziwa bwino miyezo, izi sizodziwikiratu. Mwachitsanzo, muli ndi zikwangwani "zotuluka mwadzidzidzi" zomwe zapachikidwa paliponse. Koma ndiuzeni, chidebe chanu chamoto, mbedza, ndi fosholo zili kuti? Kodi choyimitsira moto chili kuti? Kodi chozimitsira moto chiyenera kukhala kuti? Koma aliyense ayenera kudziwa izi. Sizikuwoneka zomveka kwa ife konse kupeza chozimitsira moto tikalowa muofesi.
Mwinamwake kufunikira koyesa ndondomekoyi kuyenera kutchulidwa mu ndondomeko yokha, koma ichi ndi chisankho chotsutsana. Mulimonsemo, dongosolo likhoza kuonedwa kuti likugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati layesedwa kamodzi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nthawi zambiri ndimamva kuti: "Pali dongosolo, zida zonse zakonzedwa, koma sizowona kuti zonse zidzachitika monga momwe zalembedwera. Chifukwa sanachiyese icho. Ayi".
Pomaliza
Makampani ena amatha kusanthula mbiri yawo kuti amvetsetse mtundu wamavuto omwe angachitike komanso momwe angakhalire. Kafukufuku ndi zochitika zimasonyeza kuti sitingathe kudziteteza ku chirichonse. Zoyipa, posachedwa, zimachitika ku kampani iliyonse. Chinanso ndi momwe mungakhalire okonzekera izi kapena zofanana komanso ngati mudzatha kubwezeretsa bizinesi yanu munthawi yake.
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti kupitiriza ndi momwe mungathetsere zoopsa zamtundu uliwonse kuti zisamachitike. Ayi, mfundo ndi yakuti zoopsa zidzawoneka, ndipo tidzakhala okonzekera izi. Asilikali amaphunzitsidwa kuti asaganize pankhondo, koma kuchitapo kanthu. Ndizofanana ndi dongosolo la BCP: limakupatsani mwayi wobwezeretsa bizinesi yanu mwachangu momwe mungathere.
Zida zokhazo zomwe sizifuna BCP
Igor Tyukachev
Business Continuity Consultant
Center for Design of Computing Systems
"Jet Infosystems"
Source: www.habr.com