Lero tiwona mwatsatanetsatane mbali zina zamayendedwe. Ndisanayambe, ndikufuna kuyankha funso la ophunzira lokhudza akaunti zanga zapa media. Kumanzere ndayika maulalo amasamba a kampani yathu, ndipo kumanja - kumasamba anga. Zindikirani kuti sindiwonjeza munthu kwa anzanga a Facebook ngati sindikuwadziwa, chifukwa chake musanditumizire zopempha za anzanga.
Mutha kungolembetsa patsamba langa la Facebook ndikudziwa zochitika zonse. Ndimayankha mauthenga pa akaunti yanga ya LinkedIn, kotero khalani omasuka kunditumizira mauthenga kumeneko, ndipo ndithudi ndikugwira ntchito kwambiri pa Twitter. M'munsimu phunziroli kanema pali maulalo onse 6 ochezera a pa Intaneti, kotero inu mukhoza kuwagwiritsa ntchito.
Monga mwachizolowezi, lero tiphunzira mitu itatu. Yoyamba ndi kufotokozera za chiyambi cha njira, kumene ndikuuzeni za matebulo oyendetsa, mayendedwe osasunthika, ndi zina zotero. Kenako tiwona njira ya Inter-Switch, ndiye kuti, momwe mayendedwe amachitikira pakati pa masiwichi awiri. Kumapeto kwa phunzirolo, tidzadziwa lingaliro la Inter-VLAN routing, pamene kusinthana kumodzi kumagwirizana ndi ma VLAN angapo ndi momwe kuyankhulana pakati pa maukondewa kumachitika. Uwu ndi mutu wosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo mungafune kuubwereza kangapo. Palinso mutu wina wosangalatsa wotchedwa Router-on-a-Stick, kapena "rauta pandodo."
Ndiye kodi tebulo lanjira ndi chiyani? Ili ndi tebulo lomwe ma routers amapanga zisankho zamayendedwe. Mutha kuwona momwe tebulo la Cisco router routing likuwonekera. Kompyuta iliyonse ya Windows ilinso ndi tebulo lolowera, koma ndi mutu wina.
Chilembo R kumayambiriro kwa mzerewu chimatanthauza kuti njira yopita ku netiweki ya 192.168.30.0/24 imaperekedwa ndi protocol ya RIP, C imatanthauza kuti maukondewo amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mawonekedwe a rauta, S amatanthauza kuwongolera kokhazikika, ndi dontho pambuyo pake. chilembo ichi chikutanthauza kuti njira iyi ndi yosasintha, kapena yokhazikika pamayendedwe osasunthika. Pali mitundu ingapo yamayendedwe osasunthika, ndipo lero tidziwana nawo.
Taganizirani, mwachitsanzo, network yoyamba 192.168.30.0/24. Mu mzere mukuwona ziwerengero ziwiri m'mabokosi akuluakulu, olekanitsidwa ndi slash, takambirana kale za iwo. Nambala yoyamba 120 ndi mtunda wotsogolera, womwe umasonyeza kuchuluka kwa chidaliro panjira iyi. Tiyerekeze kuti pali njira ina patebulo yopita ku netiweki iyi, yowonetsedwa ndi chilembo C kapena S yokhala ndi mtunda wocheperako, mwachitsanzo, 1, ngati njira yokhazikika. Patebuloli, simupeza maukonde awiri ofanana pokhapokha titagwiritsa ntchito njira monga kusanja katundu, koma tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi ma netiweki awiri omwewo. Kotero, ngati muwona nambala yaying'ono, izi zikutanthauza kuti njira iyi ikuyenera kudalira kwambiri, ndipo mosiyana, mtengo wamtunda wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kapa bwino ka kapanibumweANImwemwemwemwemwemwebayimwe kuyilingalingalingalingaliridwe Kenaka, mzerewu umasonyeza momwe magalimoto ayenera kutumizidwa - kwa ife, iyi ndi doko 2 FastEthernet192.168.20.1/0. Izi ndi zigawo za tebulo la njira.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mmene rauta amapangira zisankho za mayendedwe. Ndatchula wosankhidwa wosasintha pamwambapa ndipo ndikuwuzani tanthauzo lake. Tiyerekeze kuti rauta inalandira magalimoto pa netiweki 30.1.1.1, yomwe palibe cholowera patebulo lolowera. Nthawi zambiri, rauta imangosiya kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, koma ngati pali cholowera patebulo, ndiye kuti chilichonse chomwe rauta sichikudziwa chidzaperekedwa kwa ofuna kusankha. Pachifukwa ichi, cholowacho chikuwonetsa kuti magalimoto omwe akufika pa netiweki osadziwika kwa rauta ayenera kutumizidwa kudzera pa doko 192.168.10.1. Chifukwa chake, traffic pa netiweki 30.1.1.1 idzatsata njira yomwe ili yoyenera.
Router ikalandira pempho loti akhazikitse kulumikizana ndi adilesi ya IP, choyamba imayang'ana kuti awone ngati adilesiyi ili munjira ina iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, ikalandira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamaneti 30.1.1.1, imayang'ana kaye kuti awone ngati adilesi yake ili patsamba linalake lolowera. Chifukwa chake, ngati rauta ilandila traffic 192.168.30.1, ndiye pambuyo poyang'ana zolemba zonse, iwona kuti adilesiyi ili mu adilesi ya netiweki 192.168.30.0/24, pambuyo pake idzatumiza magalimoto pamsewu uwu. Ngati sichipeza zolemba zenizeni za netiweki ya 30.1.1.1, rautayo imatumiza magalimoto oti apite nayo panjira yosasintha. Umu ndi momwe zisankho zimapangidwira: Choyamba yang'anani zolembera za njira zinazake patebulo, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito njira yokhazikika.
Tiyeni tsopano tiwone mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamayendedwe osasunthika. Mtundu woyamba ndi njira yokhazikika, kapena njira yokhazikika.
Monga ndanenera, ngati rauta ilandila magalimoto omwe amatumizidwa ku netiweki yosadziwika kwa iwo, imatumiza njira yokhazikika. Njira yolowera njira yomaliza ndi 192.168.10.1 ku netiweki 0.0.0.0 ikuwonetsa kuti njira yosasinthika yakhazikitsidwa, ndiko kuti, "Chipata cha njira yomaliza ku netiweki 0.0.0.0 ili ndi adilesi ya IP ya 192.168.10.1." Njirayi yandandalikidwa pamzere womaliza wa tebulo la mayendedwe, lomwe mutu wake ndi chilembo S chotsatiridwa ndi kadontho.
Mutha kugawa gawoli kuchokera kumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi. Pa njira ya RIP yokhazikika, lembani lamulo la ip, ndikutchula ID yoyenera ya netiweki, kwa ife 192.168.30.0, ndi subnet mask 255.255.255.0, ndiyeno tchulani 192.168.20.1 ngati hop yotsatira. Komabe, mukakhazikitsa njira yosasinthika, simuyenera kutchula ID ya netiweki ndi chigoba, mumangolemba njira ya ip 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, ndiko kuti, m'malo mwa adilesi ya subnet mask, lembani zero zinayi kachiwiri, ndikutchulanso. adilesi 192.168.20.1 kumapeto kwa mzere, yomwe idzakhala njira yosasinthika.
Mtundu wotsatira wa njira yosasunthika ndi Network Route, kapena network network. Kukhazikitsa njira netiweki, muyenera kufotokoza maukonde lonse, ndiko kuti, ntchito ip njira 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 lamulo, pamene 0 pa mapeto a subnet chigoba zikutanthauza lonse osiyanasiyana 256 maukonde maadiresi / 24, ndipo tchulani. adilesi ya IP ya hop yotsatira.
Tsopano ndijambula template pamwamba yomwe ikuwonetsa lamulo lokhazikitsa njira yokhazikika komanso njira yamaneti. Zikuwoneka motere:
ip njira gawo loyamba la adilesi gawo lachiwiri la adilesi .
Kwa njira yosasinthika, gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri la adilesi lidzakhala 0.0.0.0, pamene njira ya intaneti, gawo loyamba ndi ID ya intaneti ndipo gawo lachiwiri ndi subnet mask. Kenako, adilesi ya IP ya netiweki yomwe rauta idaganiza zopanga hop yotsatira ipezeka.
Njira yolandirira imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya IP ya wolandirayo. Mu template ya lamulo, iyi idzakhala gawo loyamba la adiresi, kwa ife ndi 192.168.30.1, yomwe imalozera ku chipangizo china. Gawo lachiwiri ndi subnet chigoba 255.255.255.255, chomwe chimalozeranso ku adilesi ya IP ya munthu wina, osati network yonse /24. Kenako muyenera kutchula adilesi ya IP ya hop yotsatira. Umu ndi momwe mungakhazikitsire njira yolandila.
Njira yachidule ndi njira yachidule. Mukukumbukira kuti takambirana kale nkhani yachidule cha njira tikakhala ndi ma adilesi angapo a IP. Tiyeni titenge maukonde oyamba 192.168.30.0/24 monga chitsanzo ndipo tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi rauta R1, kumene maukonde 192.168.30.0/24 chikugwirizana ndi maadiresi anayi IP: 192.168.30.4, 192.168.30.5, 192.168.30.6 ndi maadiresi anayi IP: 192.168.30.7 . Slash 24 imatanthawuza kuti pali ma adilesi ovomerezeka 256 pa netiweki iyi, koma pakadali pano tili ndi ma adilesi anayi a IP okha.
Ngati ndikunena kuti magalimoto onse a 192.168.30.0/24 network ayenera kudutsa njira iyi, idzakhala yabodza, chifukwa adilesi ya IP monga 192.168.30.1 sangafikire kudzera mu mawonekedwe awa. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, sitingagwiritse ntchito 192.168.30.0 ngati gawo loyamba la adilesi, koma tiyenera kufotokoza ma adilesi omwe adzakhalepo. Pankhaniyi, maadiresi enieni a 4 adzapezeka kudzera mu mawonekedwe abwino, ndi ma adilesi ena onse ochezera kudzera kumanzere kwa rauta. Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kukhazikitsa njira yachidule kapena chidule.
Kuchokera ku mfundo zofotokozera mwachidule njira, timakumbukira kuti mu gawo limodzi ma octets atatu oyambirira a adiresi sasintha, ndipo tifunika kupanga subnet yomwe ingaphatikize maadiresi onse 4. Kuti tichite zimenezi, tiyenera kutchula 192.168.30.4 mu gawo loyamba la adiresi, ndi ntchito 255.255.255.252 monga subnet chigoba mu gawo lachiwiri, pamene 252 zikutanthauza kuti subnet ili 4 IP maadiresi: .4, .5. , .6 ndi .7.
Ngati muli ndi zolembera ziwiri pa tebulo loyendetsa: njira ya RIP pa intaneti ya 192.168.30.0/24 ndi njira yachidule 192.168.30.4/252, ndiye molingana ndi mfundo zoyendetsera njira, Njira yachidule idzakhala njira yoyamba ya magalimoto enieni. Chilichonse chosagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto awa chidzagwiritsa ntchito Network njira.
Ndi momwe njira yachidule ilili - mumaphatikiza ma adilesi angapo a IP ndikupanga njira yosiyana.
Pagulu la mayendedwe osasunthika, palinso otchedwa "njira yoyandama", kapena Njira Yoyandama. Iyi ndi njira yosunga zobwezeretsera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala vuto ndi kulumikizana kwakuthupi panjira yokhazikika yomwe ili ndi mtunda wowongolera wa 1. Mu chitsanzo chathu, iyi ndi njira yodutsa mulingo wa IP adilesi 192.168.10.1., njira yoyandama yosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira yosunga zobwezeretsera, kumapeto kwa mzere wolamula, m'malo mwa adilesi ya IP ya hop yotsatira, yomwe mwachisawawa imakhala ndi mtengo wa 1, tchulani mtengo wosiyana, mwachitsanzo, 5. Njira yoyandama ndi osawonetsedwa patebulo lolowera, chifukwa amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe njira yosasunthika siyikupezeka chifukwa chakuwonongeka.
Ngati simukumvetsetsa china chake kuchokera pazomwe ndanena, oneraninso vidiyoyi. Ngati mudakali ndi mafunso, mutha kunditumizira imelo ndipo ndikufotokozerani zonse.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyambe kuyang'ana njira za Inter-Switch. Kumanzere kwa chithunzicho, pali chosinthira chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito network ya buluu ya dipatimenti yogulitsa. Kumanja ndikusintha kwina komwe kumangogwira ntchito ndi network yobiriwira ya dipatimenti yotsatsa. Pankhaniyi, ma switch awiri odziyimira pawokha amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amatumikira m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana, chifukwa topology iyi sigwiritsa ntchito VLAN wamba.
Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa masiwichi awiriwa, ndiye kuti, pakati pa maukonde awiri osiyana 192.168.1.0/24 ndi 192.168.2.0/24, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito rauta. Kenako maukondewa azitha kusinthanitsa mapaketi ndikupeza intaneti kudzera pa rauta ya R1. Ngati titagwiritsa ntchito VLAN1 yokhazikika pamasinthidwe onse awiri, kuwalumikiza ndi zingwe zakuthupi, amatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Koma popeza izi ndizosatheka mwaukadaulo chifukwa cha kulekanitsidwa kwa maukonde amitundu yosiyanasiyana yowulutsa, rauta imafunika kuti azilumikizana.
Tiyerekeze kuti masiwichi aliwonse ali ndi madoko 16. Kwa ife, sitigwiritsa ntchito madoko 14, popeza pali makompyuta awiri okha m'madipatimenti onse. Choncho, mu nkhani iyi, ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri ntchito VLAN, monga momwe chithunzi chotsatirachi.
Pankhaniyi, VLAN10 yabuluu ndi VLAN20 yobiriwira ili ndi malo awo owulutsa. Maukonde a VLAN10 amalumikizidwa ndi chingwe ku doko limodzi la rauta, ndipo netiweki ya VLAN20 imalumikizidwa ku doko lina, pomwe zingwe zonse ziwiri zimachokera ku madoko osiyanasiyana. Zikuwoneka kuti chifukwa cha yankho lokongolali, takhazikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa maukonde. Komabe, popeza rauta ili ndi madoko ochepa, sitingathe kugwiritsa ntchito luso la chipangizochi, kuwagwiritsa motere.
Pali njira yothandiza kwambiri - "rauta pa ndodo". Nthawi yomweyo, timalumikiza doko losinthira ndi thunthu ku imodzi mwamadoko a rauta. Tanena kale kuti mwachisawawa, rauta samamvetsetsa encapsulation molingana ndi muyezo wa .1Q, kotero muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito thunthu kuti mulankhule nayo. Pankhaniyi, zotsatirazi zimachitika.
Netiweki ya buluu ya VLAN10 imatumiza magalimoto kudzera pakusintha kupita ku mawonekedwe a F0 / 0 a rauta. Dokoli lagawidwa m'mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, iliyonse ili ndi adilesi imodzi ya IP yomwe ili mumitundu ya ma adilesi a 192.168.1.0/24 netiweki kapena netiweki ya 192.168.2.0/24. Pali kusatsimikizika kwina apa - pambuyo pake, pamanetiweki awiri osiyana muyenera kukhala ndi ma adilesi awiri a IP. Choncho, ngakhale thunthu pakati lophimba ndi rauta analengedwa pa mawonekedwe ofanana thupi, tiyenera kulenga subinterfaces awiri kwa VLAN iliyonse. Choncho, subinterface imodzi idzatumikira maukonde VLAN10, ndipo yachiwiri - VLAN20. Kwa subinterface yoyamba, tifunika kusankha adilesi ya IP kuchokera pa adilesi ya 192.168.1.0/24, ndipo yachiwiri, kuchokera ku 192.168.2.0/24. VLAN10 ikatumiza paketi, chipata chidzakhala adilesi imodzi ya IP, ndipo paketi ikatumizidwa ndi VLAN20, adilesi yachiwiri ya IP idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipata. Pankhaniyi, "rauta pa ndodo" adzapanga chigamulo chokhudza ndimeyi ya magalimoto kuchokera aliyense wa 2 makompyuta a VLANs osiyana. Mwachidule, timagawa mawonekedwe a rauta amodzi kukhala magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimawonekera mu Packet Tracer.
Ndasintha chithunzicho pang'ono, kotero tili ndi PC0 imodzi pa 192.168.1.10 ndi PC1 yachiwiri pa 192.168.2.10. Mukakonza chosinthira, ndimagawa mawonekedwe a VLAN10, ena a VLAN20. Ndimapita ku kontrakitala ya CLI ndikulowetsa lamulo lachidule la ip kuti ndiwonetsetse kuti FastEthernet0/2 ndi 0/3 mawonekedwe ali pamwamba. Kenako ndimayang'ana m'nkhokwe ya VLAN ndikuwona kuti zolumikizira zonse pa switch pano ndi gawo la VLAN yosasinthika. Kenako ndimalemba config t ndikutsatiridwa ndi int f0/2 motsatizana kuyimbira doko lomwe VLAN yogulitsa imalumikizidwa.
Kenaka, ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lofikira la switchport mode. Njira yofikira ndiyosakhazikika, ndiye ndimangolemba lamulo ili. Pambuyo pake, ndikulemba ma switchport kupeza VLAN10, ndipo dongosolo limayankha kuti popeza maukonde otere kulibe, adzapanga VLAN10 yokha. Ngati mukufuna kupanga VLAN pamanja, mwachitsanzo, VLAN20, muyenera kulemba lamulo la vlan 20, pambuyo pake mzere wolamula udzasinthira ku zoikamo za netiweki, kusintha mutu wake kuchokera ku Switch(config) # to switch(config- vlan) #. Kenako, muyenera kutchula network MARKETING yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito dzina <name> lamulo. Kenako timakonza mawonekedwe a f0/3. Ine sequentially kulowa switchport mode kupeza ndi switchport kupeza vlan 20 malamulo, kenako maukonde olumikizidwa kwa doko ili.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kusinthira kusinthako m'njira ziwiri: yoyamba ikugwiritsa ntchito switchport access vlan 10 command, pambuyo pake maukonde amapangidwa okha pa doko lomwe mwapatsidwa, yachiwiri ndipamene mumapanga netiweki ndikuyimanga kumtundu wina. doko.
Mungathe kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi VLAN10. Ndibwerera ndikubwereza ndondomeko ya kasinthidwe ka intaneti iyi: lowetsani masinthidwe adziko lonse, lowetsani lamulo la vlan 10, ndiyeno mutchule kuti SALES, ndi zina zotero. Tsopano ndikuwonetsani zomwe zimachitika ngati simuchita izi, ndiye kuti, lolani dongosolo lokha lipange VLAN.
Mutha kuwona kuti tili ndi maukonde onse awiri, koma yachiwiri, yomwe tidapanga pamanja, ili ndi dzina lake MARKETING, pomwe netiweki yoyamba, VLAN10, idalandira dzina losasinthika VLAN0010. Nditha kukonza izi ngati tsopano ndilowetsa dzina la SALES mumayendedwe adziko lonse lapansi. Tsopano mutha kuwona kuti zitatha izi, netiweki yoyamba idasintha dzina lake kukhala SALES.
Tsopano tiyeni tibwerere ku Packet Tracer ndikuwona ngati PC0 imatha kulumikizana ndi PC1. Kuti ndichite izi, ndikutsegula mzere wolamula pa kompyuta yoyamba ndikutumiza ping ku adilesi ya kompyuta yachiwiri.
Tikuwona kuti pinging idalephera. Chifukwa chake ndikuti PC0 idatumiza pempho la ARP ku 192.168.2.10 kudzera pachipata 192.168.1.1. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kompyuta kwenikweni anafunsa lophimba amene uyu 192.168.1.1. Komabe, chosinthiracho chili ndi mawonekedwe amodzi okha a netiweki ya VLAN10, ndipo pempho lolandilidwa silingapite kulikonse - limalowa padoko ndikumwalira pano. Kompyutayo silandira yankho, choncho chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ping kumaperekedwa ngati nthawi yopuma. Palibe yankho lomwe linalandiridwa chifukwa palibe chipangizo china pa VLAN10 kupatula PC0. Komanso, ngakhale makompyuta onsewo atakhala mbali ya netiweki imodzi, sakanatha kulumikizana chifukwa ali ndi ma adilesi osiyanasiyana a IP. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito njirayi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito rauta.
Komabe, ndisanasonyeze momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito rauta, ndipanga pang'ono pang'ono. Ndilumikiza doko la Fa0/1 la chosinthira ndi doko la Gig0/0 la rauta ndi chingwe chimodzi, ndikuwonjezera chingwe china chomwe chidzalumikizidwa ndi doko la Fa0/4 la chosinthira ndi doko la Gif0/1 la rauta.
Ndimanga netiweki ya VLAN10 ku doko la f0/1 la switch, yomwe ndilowetsa int f0/1 ndi ma switchport access vlan10, ndi netiweki ya VLAN20 ku doko la f0/4 pogwiritsa ntchito int f0/4 ndi switchport. kupeza malamulo a vlan 20. Ngati tsopano tiyang'ana pa database ya VLAN, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti maukonde a SALES amangiriridwa ku Fa0 / 1, Fa0 / 2 interfaces, ndipo network MARKETING imangidwira ku Fa0 / 3, Fa0 / 4 madoko. .
Tiyeni tibwerere ku rauta kachiwiri ndikulowetsa zosintha za g0 / 0, lowetsani lamulo loletsa kutseka ndikupatseni adilesi ya IP: ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0.
Tiyeni tikonze mawonekedwe a g0/1 momwemonso, ndikuwapatsa adilesi ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0. Kenako tidzapempha kuti atiwonetse tebulo lamayendedwe, lomwe tsopano lili ndi zolembera za ma network 1.0 ndi 2.0.
Tiyeni tiwone ngati chiwembuchi chikugwira ntchito. Tiyeni tidikire mpaka madoko onse a switch ndi rauta atembenuke wobiriwira, ndikubwereza ping ya adilesi ya IP 192.168.2.10. Monga mukuonera, zonse zinayenda bwino!
Kompyuta ya PC0 imatumiza pempho la ARP ku chosinthira, chosinthiracho chimachiyika ku rauta, chomwe chimatumizanso adilesi yake ya MAC pakompyuta. Pambuyo pake, kompyuta imatumiza paketi ya ping m'njira yomweyo. Router ikudziwa kuti netiweki ya VLAN20 imalumikizidwa ndi doko lake la g0 / 1, kotero imatumiza ku chosinthira, chomwe chimatumiza paketi kupita komwe ikupita - PC1.
Chiwembuchi chimagwira ntchito, koma sichigwira ntchito, chifukwa chimakhala ndi ma routers a 2, ndiye kuti, tikugwiritsa ntchito mopanda nzeru luso la rauta. Chifukwa chake, ndikuwonetsa momwe zomwezo zingachitikire pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amodzi.
Ndichotsa zithunzi ziwiri za chingwe ndikubwezeretsanso kulumikizana kwaposachedwa kwa chosinthira ndi rauta ndi chingwe chimodzi. Mawonekedwe a f0 / 1 osinthira ayenera kukhala doko la thunthu, chifukwa chake ndimabwerera ku zosintha ndikugwiritsa ntchito switchport mode trunk command padoko ili. Port f0/4 sagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kenako, timagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha int trunk command kuti tiwone ngati doko lakonzedwa bwino.
Tikuwona kuti doko la Fa0/1 likugwira ntchito mu thunthu pogwiritsa ntchito 802.1q encapsulation protocol. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa tebulo la VLAN - tikuwona kuti mawonekedwe a F0 / 2 amakhala ndi VLAN10 dipatimenti yogulitsa malonda, ndipo mawonekedwe a f0 / 3 amakhala ndi VLAN20 network network.
Pankhaniyi, chosinthira chimalumikizidwa ndi doko la g0 / 0 la rauta. M'makonzedwe a rauta, ndimagwiritsa ntchito int g0/0 ndipo palibe malamulo a adilesi a ip kuchotsa adilesi ya IP ya mawonekedwe awa. Koma mawonekedwewa amagwirabe ntchito, sali m'malo otseka. Ngati mukukumbukira, rauta iyenera kuvomereza kuchuluka kwa ma network onse - 1.0 ndi 2.0. Popeza kusinthaku kumalumikizidwa ndi rauta ndi thunthu, ilandila magalimoto kuchokera ku netiweki yoyamba ndi yachiwiri kupita ku rauta. Komabe, ndi adilesi iti ya IP yomwe iyenera kuperekedwa ku mawonekedwe a rauta pankhaniyi?
G0/0 ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi omwe alibe adilesi ya IP mwachisawawa. Choncho, timagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la subinterface yomveka. Ngati ndilemba int g0/0 pamzere, dongosololi lipereka njira ziwiri zotsatsira: slash / kapena dontho. Kumeta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha mawonekedwe ngati 0/0/0, ndipo dontho limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muli ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono.
Ngati ndilemba int g0/0. ?, ndiye dongosololi lidzandipatsa kuchuluka kwa manambala zotheka a GigabitEthernet logical subinterface, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pambuyo pa dontho: <0 - 4294967295>. Mndandandawu uli ndi manambala opitilira 4 biliyoni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupanga ma subinterface ambiri omveka bwino.
Ndiwonetsa nambala 10 pambuyo pa dontho, lomwe likuwonetsa VLAN10. Tsopano tasamukira ku makonzedwe apakati, monga momwe zikuwonekera ndi kusintha kwa mutu wa mzere wa CLI ku Router (config-subif) #, pamenepa akutanthauza g0 / 0.10 subinterface. Tsopano ndiyenera kupereka adilesi ya IP, yomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0. Tisanakhazikitse adilesi iyi, tiyenera kupanga encapsulation kuti subinterface yomwe tidapanga idziwe kuti ndi protocol ya encapsulation yoti igwiritse ntchito - 802.1q kapena ISL. Ndimalemba mawu akuti encapsulation pamzere, ndipo dongosolo limapereka zosankha zomwe zingatheke pazigawo za lamuloli.
Ndikugwiritsa ntchito encapsulation dot1Q command. Sikofunikira mwaukadaulo kulowa lamulo ili, koma ndikulemba kuti ndikuuze rauta kuti ndi protocol yoti igwiritse ntchito ndi VLAN, chifukwa pakadali pano imagwira ntchito ngati chosinthira, kutumizira VLAN trunking. Ndi lamulo ili, timasonyeza kwa rauta kuti magalimoto onse ayenera kutsekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya dot1Q. Chotsatira pamzere wolamula, ndiyenera kufotokoza kuti encapsulation iyi ndi ya VLAN10. Dongosololi likutiwonetsa adilesi ya IP yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mawonekedwe a netiweki ya VLAN10 ayamba kugwira ntchito.
Mofananamo, ndimapanga mawonekedwe a g0/0.20. Ndimapanga subinterface yatsopano, ndikuyika encapsulation protocol, ndikuyika adilesi ya IP ndi ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0.
Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuchotsa adiresi ya IP ya mawonekedwe a thupi, chifukwa tsopano mawonekedwe a thupi ndi subinterface yomveka ali ndi adiresi yofanana ya VLAN20 network. Kuti ndichite izi, ndikulemba motsatizana malamulo int g0 / 1 ndipo palibe adilesi ya ip. Kenako ndimayimitsa mawonekedwewa chifukwa sitikufunanso.
Kenako, ndikubwereranso ku mawonekedwe a g0 / 0.20 ndikuyika adilesi ya IP kwa iyo ndi ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 lamulo. Tsopano zonse zidzagwira ntchito.
Tsopano ndimagwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsa ip route command kuyang'ana pa tebulo lamayendedwe.
Titha kuwona kuti maukonde a 192.168.1.0/24 amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi GigabitEthernet0 / 0.10 subinterface, ndipo 192.168.2.0/24 network imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi GigabitEthernet0 / 0.20 subinterface. Tsopano ndibwerera ku PC0 command line terminal ndi ping PC1. Pachifukwa ichi, magalimoto amalowa padoko la rauta, yomwe imasamutsira kumalo oyenerera ndikutumizanso kudzera pakusintha kwa kompyuta ya PC1. Monga mukuwonera, ping idapambana. Mapaketi awiri oyamba adagwetsedwa chifukwa kusinthana pakati pa ma rauta kumatenga nthawi, ndipo zida ziyenera kuphunzira ma adilesi a MAC, koma mapaketi awiri enawo adafika komwe akupita. Umu ndi momwe lingaliro la "rauta pa ndodo" limagwirira ntchito.
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Source: www.habr.com