Lero tiphunzira za IPv6 protocol. Baibulo lapitalo la maphunziro a CCNA silinafunikire kuti mudziwe zambiri ndi ndondomekoyi, koma mu mtundu wachitatu wa 200-125, kufufuza kwake mozama kumafunika kuti mupambane mayeso. Protocol ya IPv6 idapangidwa kalekale, koma kwa nthawi yayitali sinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo intaneti, chifukwa cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zolakwika za protocol ya IPv4 yomwe imapezeka paliponse.
Popeza kuti protocol ya IPv6 ndi mutu waukulu, ndaigawa m'maphunziro awiri a kanema: Tsiku 24 ndi Tsiku 25. IPv6 protocol ya zida za Cisco. Lero tikambirana mitu itatu mwachizolowezi: kufunika kwa IPv6, mtundu wa ma adilesi a IPv6, ndi mitundu ya ma adilesi a IPv6.
Pakadali pano m'maphunziro athu tagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a IP pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya v4, ndipo mwazolowera kuti akuwoneka osavuta. Pamene munawona adiresi yomwe ili pa slide iyi, munamvetsetsa bwino lomwe zomwe timakamba.
Komabe, ma adilesi a IP a v6 amawoneka mosiyana kwambiri. Ngati simukudziwa momwe ma adilesi a IP amapangidwira mu mtundu uwu wa Internet Protocol, chinthu choyamba chomwe chingakudabwitseni ndichakuti ma adilesi amtundu uwu amatenga malo ambiri. Mu mtundu wachinayi wa protocol tinali ndi manambala a decimal 4 okha, ndipo chilichonse chinali chosavuta ndi iwo, koma taganizirani kuti muyenera kuuza Bambo X wake adilesi yatsopano ya IP monga 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e: 0370: 7334.
Osadandaula, komabe - tikhala pamalo abwino kwambiri kumapeto kwa phunziroli. Tiyeni tione kaye chifukwa chake kunali kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito IPv6.
Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito IPv4 ndipo amasangalala nayo. N'chifukwa chiyani munafunikira kusintha ku mtundu watsopano? Choyamba, ma adilesi a 4 IP ndi ma 32 bits kutalika. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale maadiresi pafupifupi 4 biliyoni pa intaneti, ndiko kuti, chiwerengero chenicheni cha ma adilesi a IP ndi 232. Pa nthawi ya kulengedwa kwa IPv4, omanga amakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha maadiresi chinali chokwanira. Ngati mukukumbukira, maadiresi amtunduwu amagawidwa m'magulu asanu: makalasi ogwira ntchito A, B, C ndi magulu osungira D (multicasting) ndi E (kafukufuku). Choncho, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha maadiresi a IP ogwira ntchito chinali 5% yokha ya 75 biliyoni, omwe amapanga protocol anali otsimikiza kuti padzakhala zokwanira kwa anthu onse. Komabe, chifukwa cha chitukuko chofulumira cha intaneti, chaka chilichonse pamakhala kusowa kwa ma adilesi aulere a IP, ndipo ngati sikunali kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa NAT, ma adilesi aulere a IPv4 adatha kalekale. M'malo mwake, NAT idakhala mpulumutsi wa protocol iyi yapaintaneti. Ndicho chifukwa chake panali kufunika kulenga Baibulo latsopano protocol Internet, wopanda zolakwa za Baibulo 4. Mungafunse chifukwa chimene iwo anapitira molunjika kuchokera ku Baibulo lachinayi mpaka lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti mtundu 4, monga 5 ndi 1,2, unali woyesera.
Chifukwa chake, ma adilesi a IP a v6 ali ndi malo adilesi a 128-bit. Kodi mukuganiza kuti ma adilesi a IP omwe angatheke achuluka bwanji? Mwina munganene kuti: "Nthawi 4!" Koma izi sizowona, chifukwa 234 ili kale nthawi 4 kuposa 232. Choncho mtengo wa 2128 ndi waukulu kwambiri - ndi wofanana ndi 340282366920938463463374607431768211456. Ichi ndi chiwerengero cha ma adilesi a IP omwe alipo pansi pa IPv6 protocol. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupatsa adilesi ya IP pa chilichonse chomwe mungafune: galimoto yanu, foni yanu, wotchi yanu. Munthu wamakono akhoza kukhala ndi laputopu, mafoni angapo, wotchi yanzeru, nyumba yanzeru - TV yolumikizidwa ndi intaneti, makina ochapira olumikizidwa ndi intaneti, nyumba yonse yolumikizidwa ndi intaneti. Chiwerengero cha maadiresi chimapangitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito lingaliro la "Intaneti ya Zinthu" lomwe Cisco imathandizira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zonse pamoyo wanu zalumikizidwa ndi intaneti, ndipo zonse zimafunikira ma adilesi awo a IP. Ndi IPv6 ndizotheka! Munthu aliyense Padziko Lapansi atha kugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi mamiliyoni amtunduwu pazida zawo, ndipo pangakhalebe ambiri aulere. Sitingathe kulosera momwe teknoloji idzakhalire, koma tikhoza kuyembekezera kuti umunthu sudzafika pamene patsala kompyuta imodzi yokha padziko lapansi. Titha kuganiza kuti IPv1 ikhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mtundu wa 6 IP adilesi ulili.
Maadiresi awa akuwonetsedwa ngati magulu 8 a manambala a hexadecimal. Izi zikutanthauza kuti adiresi iliyonse ndi 4 bits utali, kotero kuti gulu lililonse la zilembo zinayi zotere ndi 4 bits utali, ndipo adilesi yonse ndi 16 bits utali. Gulu lirilonse la zilembo 128 limasiyanitsidwa ndi gulu lotsatira ndi colon, mosiyana ndi ma adilesi a IPv4 pomwe magulu adalekanitsidwa ndi nthawi chifukwa nthawiyo ndi nambala yachiwerengero. Popeza kuti adilesi yotere sikophweka kukumbukira, pali malamulo angapo oti mufupikitse. Lamulo loyamba likunena kuti magulu omwe ali ndi ziro onse amatha kusinthidwa ndi ma coloni awiri. Opaleshoni yofananira imatha kuchitidwa pa adilesi iliyonse ya IP nthawi imodzi yokha. Tiyeni tione tanthauzo la zimenezi.
Monga mukuwonera, mu adilesi yachitsanzo yomwe yaperekedwa pali magulu atatu a ziro 4. Chiwerengero cha ma colons omwe amalekanitsa magulu awa 0000:0000:0000 ndi 2. Choncho, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito coloni iwiri ::, izi zikutanthauza kuti pali magulu a ziro pamalo ano mu adiresi. Mumadziwa bwanji kuti ndi magulu angati a zero awa akuyimira? Mukayang'ana njira yofupikitsa yolembera adilesi, mutha kuwerengera magulu asanu a zilembo zinayi. Koma popeza tikudziwa kuti adilesi yonse ili ndi magulu 5, ndiye kuti koloni iwiri imatanthawuza magulu atatu a ziro 4. Ili ndi lamulo loyamba la chidule cha adilesi.
Lamulo lachiwiri likunena kuti mutha kutaya ziro zotsogola pagulu lililonse la zilembo. Mwachitsanzo, gulu 6 la mawonekedwe athunthu a adilesi limawoneka ngati 04FF, koma mawonekedwe ake achidule angawoneke ngati 4FF chifukwa tidagwetsa ziro patsogolo. Chifukwa chake kulowa 4FF sikukutanthauza kanthu kuposa 04FF.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malamulowa, mutha kufupikitsa adilesi iliyonse ya IP. Komabe, ngakhale atafupikitsa, adilesi iyi sikuwoneka yayifupi kwenikweni. Tiwona zomwe mungachite pa izi pambuyo pake, koma pakadali pano ingokumbukirani malamulo awiriwa.
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mitu ya adilesi ya IPv4 ndi IPv6 ili.
Chithunzichi chomwe ndinachitenga pa intaneti chikufotokoza bwino kusiyana pakati pa maudindo awiriwa. Monga mukuwonera, mutu wa adilesi ya IPv4 ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo uli ndi zambiri kuposa mutu wa IPv6. Ngati mutuwo ndi wovuta, ndiye kuti router imagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochuluka kuti ipange chisankho, kotero pogwiritsa ntchito maadiresi osavuta a 6 IP, ma routers amagwira ntchito bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake IPv4 ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa IPvXNUMX.
Mutu wamutu wa IPv4 kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 31 bits umakhala ndi 32 bits. Popanda Zosankha zomaliza ndi mzere wa Padding, adilesi ya IP 4 ndi adilesi ya 20-byte, kutanthauza kuti kukula kwake kochepa ndi 20 byte. Kutalika kwa adilesi yachisanu ndi chimodzi kulibe kukula kochepa, ndipo adilesi yotereyi imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 40 byte.
Mutu wa IPv4 umabwera ndi mtunduwo poyamba, kenako kutalika kwa mutu wa IHL. Mwachikhazikitso izi ndi ma byte 20, koma ngati Zosankha zowonjezera zafotokozedwa pamutu zitha kukhala zazitali. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito Wireshark, mutha kuwerenga Mtengo wa 4 ndi mtengo wa IHL wa 5, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mipiringidzo isanu yowongoka ya 4 mabayiti (32 bits) iliyonse, osaphatikiza chipika cha Options.
Mtundu wa Utumiki umawonetsa mtundu wa paketi - mwachitsanzo, paketi ya mawu kapena paketi ya data, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mawu kumakhala patsogolo kuposa mitundu ina yamagalimoto. Mwachidule, gawoli likuwonetsa kufunikira kwa magalimoto. Utali Wonse Utali Wonse ndi chiΕ΅erengero cha kutalika kwa mutu wa 20 byte kuphatikizapo kutalika kwa malipiro, omwe ndi deta yomwe imatumizidwa. Ngati ndi ma byte 50, ndiye kuti kutalika kwake kudzakhala 70 mabayiti. Chizindikiritso cha Packet chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa phukusi pogwiritsa ntchito Mutu wa Header Checksum parameter. Ngati paketi yagawika m'magawo asanu, iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiritso chofanana - Fragment Offset, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mtengo kuyambira 5 mpaka 0, ndipo chidutswa chilichonse cha paketi chiyenera kukhala ndi mtengo womwewo. Mbendera zimasonyeza ngati kusuntha kwa zidutswa kumaloledwa. Ngati simukufuna kuti kugawika kwa data kuchitike, mumayika DF - osaphwanya mbendera. Pali mbendera MF - chidutswa china. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati paketi yoyamba igawika m'zigawo zisanu, ndiye kuti paketi yachiwiri idzakhala 4, kutanthauza kuti palibenso zidutswa! Pankhaniyi, chidutswa chomaliza cha paketi yoyamba chidzalembedwa 5, kotero kuti chipangizo cholandira chikhoza kusokoneza paketi, ndiko kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito defragmentation.
Onani mitundu yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito pa silayidiyi. Minda yofiira imawonetsa magawo omwe sanatchulidwe pamutu wa IPv6. Mtundu wa buluu umawonetsa magawo omwe adasuntha kuchokera kuchinayi mpaka chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha protocol mu mawonekedwe osinthidwa. Minda yachikasu imakhalabe yosasinthika m'matembenuzidwe onse awiri. Chobiriwira chikuwonetsa gawo lomwe lidawonekera koyamba mu IPv6 yokha.
Magawo a Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset ndi Header Checksum sanaphatikizidwe chifukwa chakuti m'mikhalidwe yamakono yotumizira deta, kugawikana sikuchitika ndipo kutsimikizira kwa checksum sikofunikira. Zaka zambiri zapitazo, pamene kusamutsa deta kunali kochedwa, kugawanika kunali kofala, koma lero IEEE 802.3 Ethernet yokhala ndi 1500-byte MTU imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo kugawikana sikukuchitikanso.
TTL, kapena nthawi ya paketi yokhala ndi moyo, ndi nthawi yowerengera-nthawi yokhala ndi moyo ikafika 0, paketi imatayidwa. M'malo mwake, ichi ndiye kuchuluka kwa ma hop omwe angapangidwe pamaneti operekedwa. Gawo la Protocol likuwonetsa protocol, TCP kapena UDP, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa netiweki.
Header Checksum ndi parameter yomwe yachotsedwa, chifukwa chake imachotsedwa pamtundu watsopano wa protocol. Chotsatira ndi ma adilesi a 32-bit ndi magawo a ma adilesi a 32-bit. Ngati tili ndi chidziwitso mumzere wa Zosankha, ndiye kuti mtengo wa IHL umasintha kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 6, kuwonetsa kuti pali gawo lowonjezera pamutu.
Mutu wa IPv6 umagwiritsanso ntchito mtundu wa Version, ndipo Gulu la Magalimoto limagwirizana ndi Mtundu wa Utumiki pamutu wa IPv4. A Flow Label ndi yofanana ndi Gulu la Magalimoto ndipo imathandizira kuti mapaketi aziyenda bwino. Kutalika kwa Malipiro kumatanthawuza kutalika kwa malipiro, kapena kukula kwa deta yomwe ili m'munda pansi pa mutu. Kutalika kwa mutu wokha, 40 bytes, kumakhala kosalekeza ndipo sikumatchulidwa paliponse.
Gawo lotsatira lamutu, Next Header, likuwonetsa mtundu wamutu womwe paketi yotsatira idzakhala nawo. Ichi ndi ntchito yothandiza kwambiri yomwe imatchula mtundu wa protocol yotsatira yoyendera - TCP, UDP, etc., yomwe idzakhala yotchuka kwambiri pamakina otengera deta. Ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito protocol yanu, mudzatha kudziwa kuti ndi protocol iti yomwe idzakhale yotsatira.
Malire a hop, kapena Hop Limit, ndi ofanana ndi TTL pamutu wa IPv4, ndipo ndi njira yopewera malupu. Chotsatira ndi 128-bit gwero adilesi ndi 128-bit maadiresi kopita. Mutu wonse ndi 40 byte kukula kwake. Monga ndanenera, IPv6 ndiyosavuta kuposa IPv4 komanso ndiyothandiza kwambiri pakusankha njira za rauta.
Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ya ma adilesi a IPv6. Tikudziwa kuti unicast ndi chiyani - ndikutumiza kolowera pomwe chipangizo chimodzi chilumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chimzake ndipo zida zonse zimatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Multicast ndi njira yowulutsira ndipo imatanthauza kuti zida zingapo zimatha kulumikizana nthawi imodzi ndi chipangizo chimodzi, chomwe chimatha kulumikizana nthawi imodzi ndi zida zingapo. M'lingaliro limeneli, ma multicast ndi ofanana ndi wailesi, zomwe zizindikiro zake zimagawidwa kulikonse. Ngati mukufuna kumva tchanelo china, muyenera kuyimba wailesi yanu kuti igwirizane ndi ma frequency enieni. Ngati mukukumbukira vidiyo yophunzitsa za RIP protocol, ndiye kuti mukudziwa kuti protocol iyi imagwiritsa ntchito malo owulutsa 255.255.255.255 pomwe ma subnet onse amalumikizidwa kuti atumize zosintha. Koma zida zokhazo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya RIP zidzalandira zosinthazi.
Kuwulutsa kwina komwe sikunapezeke mu IPv4 kumatchedwa Anycast. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mukakhala ndi zida zambiri zokhala ndi adilesi ya IP yomweyo ndipo amakulolani kutumiza mapaketi kwa wolandira wapafupi kwambiri pagulu la olandila.
Pankhani ya intaneti, komwe tili ndi ma CDN, titha kupereka chitsanzo cha ntchito ya YouTube. Ntchitoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti onse amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi seva ya kampani ku California. Ntchito ya YouTube ili ndi maseva ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, seva ya Indian YouTube yanga ili ku Singapore. Momwemonso, protocol ya IPv6 ili ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi CDN pogwiritsa ntchito ma network omwe amagawidwa, ndiko kuti, amagwiritsa ntchito Anycast.
Monga mwazindikira, pali mtundu wina wowulutsa womwe ukusowa pano, Broadcast, chifukwa protocol ya IPv6 siyigwiritsa ntchito. Koma Multicast mu protocol iyi imachita chimodzimodzi ndi Broadcast mu IPv4, m'njira yabwino kwambiri.
Mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa protocol umagwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya ma adilesi: Lumikizani Local, Unique Site Local ndi Global. Timakumbukira kuti mu IPv4 mawonekedwe amodzi ali ndi adilesi imodzi yokha ya IP. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi ma routers awiri olumikizidwa wina ndi mzake, kotero kuti malo aliwonse olumikizira adzakhala ndi adilesi imodzi yokha ya IP. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito IPv1, mawonekedwe aliwonse amalandira adilesi ya IP ya Link Local IP. Maadiresi awa amayamba ndi FE6::/64.
Maadiresi a IP awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana kwanuko kokha. Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi Windows amadziwa maadiresi ofanana kwambiri a fomu 169.254.Π₯.Π₯ - awa ndi maadiresi omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya IPv4.
Ngati kompyuta ilumikizana ndi seva ya DHCP kuti ipeze adilesi ya IP, koma pazifukwa zina sangathe kukhazikitsa kulumikizana nayo, zida za Microsoft zili ndi makina omwe amalola kompyutayo kugawa adilesi ya IP yokha. Pankhaniyi, adilesi idzakhala motere: 169.254.1.1. Mkhalidwe wofananawo ungabwere ngati tili ndi kompyuta, chosinthira ndi rauta. Tiyerekeze kuti rauta sinalandire adilesi ya IP kuchokera ku seva ya DHCP ndipo idadzipatsa yokha adilesi yomweyo ya IP 169.254.1.1. Pambuyo pake, itumiza pempho la ARP pa intaneti kudzera pa switch, momwe imafunsa ngati chida chilichonse cha netiweki chili ndi adilesi iyi. Atalandira pempholo, kompyuta iyankha kuti: "Inde, ndili ndi adilesi ya IP yomweyi!", Pambuyo pake rauta idzadzipatsa adilesi yatsopano mwachisawawa, mwachitsanzo, 169.254.10.10, ndikutumizanso pempho la ARP. network.
Ngati palibe amene akunena kuti ali ndi adilesi yomweyi, ndiye kuti adzisungira yekha adilesi 169.254.10.10. Chifukwa chake, zida pamaneti amderali zitha kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito seva ya DHCP konse, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzipangira okha ma adilesi a IP kuti akhazikitse kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Izi ndi zomwe IP auto-configuration ikukhudza, zomwe taziwonapo nthawi zambiri koma sitinagwiritsepo ntchito.
Momwemonso, IPv6 ili ndi njira yoperekera ma adilesi a IP a Link Local IP kuyambira FE80::. Slash 64 imatanthawuza kulekanitsa ma adilesi a netiweki ndi ma adilesi olandila. Pankhaniyi, 64 yoyamba imatanthawuza maukonde, ndipo yachiwiri 64 imatanthauza wolandira.
FE80 :: amatanthawuza ma adilesi a fomu FE80.0.0.0/, pomwe gawo la ma adilesi olandirira lili pambuyo pa slash. Maadiresi awa sali ofanana ndi chipangizo chathu ndi mawonekedwe olumikizidwa ndi icho ndipo amasinthidwa zokha. Pankhaniyi, gawo la wolandila limagwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya MAC. Monga mukudziwa, adilesi ya MAC ndi adilesi ya 48-bit IP yokhala ndi midadada 6 ya manambala awiri a hexadecimal. Microsoft imagwiritsa ntchito dongosololi; Cisco imagwiritsa ntchito midadada itatu ya manambala 2 a hexadecimal.
Mu chitsanzo chathu, tidzagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya Microsoft ya fomu 11:22:33:44:55:66. Kodi adilesi ya MAC ya chipangizo imaperekedwa bwanji? Kutsatizana kwa manambala mu adilesi yolandila, yomwe ndi adilesi ya MAC, yagawidwa magawo awiri: kumanzere kuli magulu atatu 11:22:33, kumanja ndi magulu atatu 44:55:66, ndipo pakati akuwonjezedwa. FF ndi FE. Izi zimapanga chipika cha 64-bit cha adilesi ya IP ya wolandirayo.
Monga mukudziwa, kutsatizana kwa mawonekedwe 11:22:33:44:55:66 ndi adilesi ya MAC yomwe ili yapadera pa chipangizo chilichonse. Pokhazikitsa adilesi ya MAC FF:FE pakati pa magulu awiri a manambala, timapeza adilesi yapadera ya IP ya chipangizochi. Umu ndi momwe adilesi ya IP ya mtundu wa Local Link imapangidwira, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokha kukhazikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa oyandikana nawo popanda kasinthidwe kapadera ndi ma seva apadera. Adilesi ya IP yotereyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa gawo limodzi la netiweki ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizirana kunja kwa gawoli.
Mtundu wotsatira wa adilesi ndi Unique Site Local Scope, womwe umafanana ndi ma adilesi amkati (achinsinsi) a IP a protocol ya IPv4 monga 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 ndi 192.168.0.0/16. Chifukwa chomwe ma adilesi a IP achinsinsi komanso akunja amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi chifukwa chaukadaulo wa NAT, womwe tidakambirana m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu. Unique Site Local Scope ndiukadaulo womwe umapanga ma adilesi amkati a IP. Mutha kunena kuti, "Imran, munanena kuti chipangizo chilichonse chingakhale ndi adilesi yakeyake ya IP, ndichifukwa chake tidasinthira ku IPv6," ndipo mungakhale olondola. Koma anthu ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la ma adilesi amkati a IP pazifukwa zachitetezo. Pankhaniyi, NAT imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chozimitsa moto, ndipo zida zakunja sizingathe kuyankhulana mosasamala ndi zida zomwe zili mkati mwa netiweki, chifukwa zili ndi ma adilesi a IP omwe sapezeka pa intaneti yakunja. Komabe, NAT imayambitsa mavuto ambiri ndi VPNs, monga protocol ya ESP. IPv4 imagwiritsa ntchito IPSec kuti itetezeke, koma IPv6 ili ndi makina otetezedwa otetezedwa kotero kuti kulumikizana pakati pa ma adilesi amkati ndi akunja a IP ndikosavuta.
Kuti izi zitheke, IPv6 ili ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya ma adilesi: pomwe maadiresi Osiyana Ako amafanana ndi ma adilesi a IPv4 IP amkati, kenako ma adilesi a Global amafanana ndi ma adilesi akunja a IPv4. Anthu ambiri sakonda kugwiritsa ntchito maadiresi Apadera am'deralo konse, ena sangachite popanda iwo, ndiye iyi ndi nkhani yotsutsana nthawi zonse. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mupeza zabwino zambiri mukangogwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi akunja a IP, makamaka pakuyenda. Mwachitsanzo, chipangizo changa chidzakhala ndi adiresi ya IP yomweyi mosasamala kanthu kuti ndili ku Bangalore kapena New York, kotero nditha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zanga kulikonse padziko lapansi popanda vuto lililonse.
Monga ndanenera, IPv6 ili ndi makina otetezedwa omwe amakulolani kuti mupange njira yotetezeka ya VPN pakati pa malo omwe muli ndi ofesi ndi zipangizo zanu. M'mbuyomu, tinkafunikira njira yakunja kuti tipange njira yotere ya VPN, koma mu IPv6 ndi njira yokhazikika yokhazikika.
Popeza takambirana mitu yokwanira lero, ndisokoneza phunziro lathu kuti tipitirize kukambirana za mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa Internet Protocol (IP) muvidiyo yotsatira. Monga ntchito ya homuweki, ndikufunsani kuti mumvetsetse bwino lomwe dongosolo la manambala a hexadecimal, chifukwa kuti mumvetsetse IPv6, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kutembenuka kwa manambala a binary kukhala ma hexadecimal ndi mosemphanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kudziwa kuti 1111=F, ndi zina zotero, ingopitani ku Google kuti muzindikire. Mu phunziro lotsatira la kanema ndiyesetsa kuchita nanu kusinthaku. Ndikupangira kuti muwonere phunziro lakanema lamasiku ano kangapo kuti musakhale ndi mafunso okhudza mitu yomwe yafotokozedwa.
Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nafe. Kodi mumakonda zolemba zathu? Mukufuna kuwona zambiri zosangalatsa? Tithandizeni potipatsa oda kapena kulimbikitsa anzathu, 30% kuchotsera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Habr pa analogi yapadera yamaseva olowera, omwe tinapangira inu: (ikupezeka ndi RAID1 ndi RAID10, mpaka 24 cores mpaka 40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd 2 nthawi zotsika mtengo? Pokhapokha ku Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kuchokera $99! Werengani za
Source: www.habr.com