Lero tikambirana za kuchira rauta ndikusintha mapasiwedi, kukonzanso, kuyikanso ndikubwezeretsanso IOS, ndi dongosolo lachilolezo la Cisco la pulogalamu ya IOSv15. Iyi ndi mitu yofunika kwambiri yokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka zida za netiweki.
Kodi ndingabwezeretse bwanji mawu achinsinsi anga? Mutha kufunsa chifukwa chake izi zingafunike. Tiyerekeze kuti mwakhazikitsa chipangizocho ndikuyika mawu achinsinsi ofunikira: a VTY, a console, amtundu wamwayi, chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa Telnet ndi SSH, ndiyeno mwaiwala mapasiwedi awa. N'zotheka kuti wogwira ntchito pakampani amene adawayika adasiya ndipo sanakupatseni zolembazo, kapena mudagula rauta pa eBay ndipo simukudziwa mapasiwedi omwe mwiniwake wakale adakhazikitsa, kotero simungathe kulumikiza chipangizocho.
Zikatero, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira kuwakhadzula. Inu kuthyolako mu chipangizo Cisco ndi bwererani mapasiwedi, koma kumeneko si kuwakhadzula kwenikweni ngati muli ndi chipangizo. Izi zimafuna zinthu zitatu: Break Sequence, registry yosinthira, ndi kuyambiranso dongosolo.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira, zimitsani mphamvu ya rauta ndikuyatsa nthawi yomweyo kuti rauta iyambenso kuyambiranso; "madalaivala a cisco" amatcha izi kuti "kuboola". Panthawi yotsegula chithunzi cha IOS, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza kwa boot, ndiko kuti, gwirizanitsani ndi chipangizocho kudzera pa doko la console ndikuyendetsa Break Sequence. Kuphatikiza kofunikira komwe kumayambitsa Break Sequence kumadalira pulogalamu yotsatsira yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti, Hyperterminal, kusokoneza kutsitsa kumachitika ndi kuphatikiza kumodzi, kwa SequreSRT - ndi wina. Pansipa kanemayu ndikupereka ulalo , komwe mungadziwike ndi njira zazifupi za kiyibodi zama emulators osiyanasiyana, kuyanjana kosiyana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana opangira.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza kwa boot, rauta imayamba mu ROMmon mode. ROMmon ndi yofanana ndi BIOS ya pakompyuta; ndi OS yoyambira yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wotsatira malamulo oyambira. Munjira iyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kaundula wa kasinthidwe. Monga mukudziwira, pa boot process system imayang'ana kukhalapo kwa zoikamo za boot, ndipo ngati palibe, imayamba ndi zosintha zokhazikika.
Kawirikawiri, mtengo wa kaundula wa kasinthidwe ka router ndi 0x2102, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuyamba kusintha kwa boot. Ngati musintha mtengowu kukhala 0x2142, ndiye kuti panthawi ya Break Sequence kasinthidwe ka boot kadzanyalanyazidwa, popeza dongosololi silidzalabadira zomwe zili mu NVRAM yosasunthika, ndipo kasinthidwe kokhazikika kudzakwezedwa, molingana ndi zosintha za rauta kunja kwa bokosi.
Chifukwa chake, kuti muyambe ndi makonda osasintha, muyenera kusintha mtengo wolembetsa kukhala 0x2142, womwe umauza chipangizocho kuti: "chonde musanyalanyaze kasinthidwe ka boot pa boot iliyonse!" Popeza kasinthidwe kameneka kali ndi mapasiwedi onse, kuyambitsa ndi zosintha zosasinthika kumakupatsani mwayi wofikira mwaulere. Munjira iyi, mutha kukonzanso mawu achinsinsi, sungani zosintha, yambitsaninso dongosolo ndikupeza mphamvu zonse pa chipangizocho.
Tsopano ndiyambitsa Packet Tracer ndikuwonetsa zomwe ndangokamba. Mukuwona topology ya netiweki yomwe ili ndi rauta momwe muyenera kusinthira mawu achinsinsi, chosinthira ndi laputopu. M'maphunziro onse amakanema, ndidadina chizindikiro cha chipangizocho mu Packet Tracer, ndikupita ku tabu ya CLI console ndikukonza chipangizocho. Tsopano ndikufuna kuchita zinthu mosiyana ndikuwonetsa momwe izi zimachitikira pa chipangizo chenicheni.
Ndilumikiza doko la laputopu RS-232 ndi chingwe cholumikizira ku doko la rauta; mu pulogalamuyo ndi chingwe chabuluu. Sindiyenera kukhazikitsa ma adilesi aliwonse a IP chifukwa safunikira kulumikizana ndi doko la router.
Pa laputopu, ndimapita ku Terminal tabu ndikuyang'ana magawo: mlingo wa baud 9600 bps, ma data bits - 8, palibe parity, ma bits - 1, flow control - palibe, ndiyeno dinani OK, zomwe zimandipatsa mwayi wopita ku rauta. kutonthoza. Ngati mufananiza zambiri m'mawindo onse awiri - CLI ya rauta ya R0 ndi pawindo la Laptop0 laputopu, zidzakhala chimodzimodzi.
Packet Tracer imakulolani kuti muchite zinthu zofanana, koma pochita sitidzagwiritsa ntchito zenera la CLI router console, koma zidzangogwira ntchito kudzera pakompyuta.
Chifukwa chake, tili ndi rauta yomwe tiyenera kukonzanso mawu achinsinsi. Mukapita ku terminal ya laputopu, fufuzani zosintha, pitani pagawo lokhazikitsira rauta ndikuwona kuti mwayi watsekedwa ndi mawu achinsinsi! Ukafika bwanji kumeneko?
Ndimapita ku rauta, pa tabu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa ngati chipangizo chakuthupi, dinani pa switch yamagetsi ndikuyatsanso nthawi yomweyo. Mukuwona kuti uthenga ukuwoneka pawindo la terminal lonena kudzichotsera nokha chithunzi cha OS. Panthawiyi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makiyi a Ctrl + C, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polowetsa rommon mu pulogalamu ya Packet Tracer. Ngati mudalowa kudzera pa Hyperterminal, ndiye kuti muyenera kukanikiza Ctrl + Break.
Mukuwona kuti mzere wokhala ndi mutu wa rommon 1 wawonekera pazenera, ndipo ngati mulowetsa funso, ndiye kuti dongosololi lipereka malingaliro angapo okhudza malamulo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwanjira iyi.
The boot parameter imayambitsa ndondomeko ya boot ya mkati, confreg imayambitsa zolembera zolembera, ndipo ili ndilo lamulo lomwe tikufuna. Ndimalemba confreg 0x2142 pamzere wotsiriza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukayambiranso, zomwe zasungidwa mu NVRAM flash memory zidzanyalanyazidwa ndipo rauta idzayamba ndi zoikamo zosasinthika ngati chipangizo chatsopano. Ngati nditayipa lamulo confreg 0x2102, rauta ingagwiritse ntchito magawo omaliza osungidwa a boot.
Kenako, ndimagwiritsa ntchito reset command kuyambiranso dongosolo. Monga mukuwonera, mutatha kuyitsitsa, m'malo mondipangitsa kuti ndilowetse mawu achinsinsi, monga nthawi yomaliza, dongosololi limangofunsa ngati ndikufuna kupitiliza kukambirana. Tsopano tili ndi rauta yokhala ndi zosintha zosasintha, popanda kasinthidwe ka ogwiritsa ntchito.
Sindilembapo ndikutsatiridwa ndi kulowa ndikusintha kuchoka pamachitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito kupita kunjira yabwino. Popeza ndikufuna kuwona kasinthidwe ka boot, ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo loyambira-config. Mukuwona dzina la hostname la NwKing rauta, chikwangwani cholandilidwa ndi mawu achinsinsi "console". Tsopano ndikudziwa mawu achinsinsiwa ndipo ndimatha kulikopera kuti ndisayiwale, kapena ndisinthe kukhala lina.
Chomwe ndikufunika choyamba ndikutsitsa masinthidwe otsegulira mu kasinthidwe ka router komweko. Kuti ndichite izi ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo loyambira-config-run-config. Tsopano masinthidwe athu apano ndi kasinthidwe ka router yam'mbuyomu. Mutha kuwona kuti zitatha izi dzina la rauta mu mzere wolamula linasintha kuchokera ku Router kupita ku NwKingRouter. Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero chazithunzi, mutha kuwona kasinthidwe kachipangizo kameneka, komwe mutha kuwona kuti mawu achinsinsi a console ndi mawu oti "console", sitinagwiritse ntchito password, izi ndizolondola. Muyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchira kumapha mwayi ndipo mwabwereranso mumachitidwe othamangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Titha kusinthanso zolembera, ndipo ngati mawu achinsinsi anali achinsinsi, ndiye kuti, ntchito yachinsinsi idagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachiwonekere simungathe kuyilemba, kotero mutha kubwerera kumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndi config t ndikuyika a Mawu Achinsinsi Atsopano. Kuti muchite izi, ndikulemba lamulo yambitsani chinsinsi kapena nditha kugwiritsa ntchito liwu lina lililonse ngati mawu achinsinsi. Ngati mungalembe chiwonetsero cha Run, muwona kuti ntchito yachinsinsi yayatsidwa, mawu achinsinsi tsopano sakuwoneka ngati mawu oti "yambitsani", koma ngati mndandanda wa zilembo zobisika, ndipo simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi chitetezo chifukwa khalani ndi kubisa mawu achinsinsi atsopano nokha.
Umu ndi momwe mungabwezeretsere password yanu ya rauta. Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kukumbukira ndikuti ngati mulowetsa lamulo lachiwonetsero, mudzawona kuti mtengo wa kasinthidwe ndi 0x2142. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti ngakhale nditagwiritsa ntchito kopi yothamanga kuti muyambe kulamula ndikuyambitsanso rauta, kachitidwe kadzatsegulanso zoikamo zokhazikika, ndiko kuti, rauta idzabwerera ku zoikamo za fakitale. Sitikufuna izi konse, chifukwa takhazikitsanso mawu achinsinsi, tapeza chiwongolero cha chipangizocho ndipo tikufuna kuchigwiritsa ntchito popanga.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyika njira yosinthira padziko lonse lapansi Router(config)# ndikulowetsa lamulo config-register 0x2102 ndipo pokhapokha mugwiritse ntchito lamuloli kuti mukopere masinthidwe apano pakuyamba kukopera koyambira. Mukhozanso kukopera makonda omwe alipo pa boot kasinthidwe pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lolemba. Ngati tsopano mulemba mtundu wawonetsero, mudzawona kuti mtengo wa kaundula wa kasinthidwe tsopano ndi 0x2102, ndipo dongosolo likunena kuti zosinthazi zidzachitika mukadzayambiranso rauta.
Chifukwa chake, timayambitsa kuyambiranso ndi lamulo lobwezeretsanso, dongosolo limayambiranso, ndipo tsopano tili ndi mafayilo onse okonzekera, zosintha zonse ndikudziwa mapasiwedi onse. Umu ndi momwe mapasiwedi a router amabwezeretsedwa.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingachitire chimodzimodzi pa switch. Router ili ndi chosinthira chomwe chimakulolani kuti muzimitsa mphamvu ndikuyatsanso, koma kusintha kwa Cisco kulibe kusintha kotere. Tiyenera kulumikiza ku doko la console ndi chingwe cholumikizira, kenako kutulutsa chingwe chamagetsi kumbuyo kwa chosinthira, pambuyo pa masekondi 10-15 kuyilowetsanso ndikusindikiza ndikusunga batani la MODE kwa masekondi atatu. Izi zidzangoyika kusintha kwa ROMmon mode. Munjira iyi, muyenera kuyambitsa kachitidwe ka fayilo pa flash ndikutchulanso fayilo ya config.text, mwachitsanzo, config.text.old. Mukangoyichotsa, kusinthako "kudzaiwala" osati mawu achinsinsi, komanso makonda onse am'mbuyomu. Pambuyo pake, yambitsaninso dongosolo.
Chimachitika ndi chiyani pakusintha? Pakuyambiranso, imapeza fayilo yosinthira config.text. Ngati sichipeza fayiloyi muzokumbukira zowunikira, imatsegula iOS ndi zoikamo zokhazikika. Izi ndizosiyana: mu rauta muyenera kusintha zolembetsa, koma posinthira mumangofunika kusintha dzina la fayilo ya boot. Tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimachitikira mu pulogalamu ya Packet Tracer. Nthawi ino ndikulumikiza laputopu ndi chingwe cholumikizira ku doko la chosinthira.
Sitigwiritsa ntchito chosinthira cha CLI chosinthira, koma timatsanzira momwe zosinthira zimatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito laputopu. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito makonda amtundu wa laputopu monga momwe zilili ndi rauta, ndikukanikiza "Enter" ndimalumikiza doko losinthira.
Mu Packet Tracer, sindingathe kumasula ndi kumasula chingwe chamagetsi monga ndingathere ndi chipangizo chakuthupi. Ndikadakhala ndi mawu achinsinsi, ndimatha kutsitsa kusinthako, kotero ndikulowetsa mawu achinsinsi kuti athe kugawa mawu achinsinsi am'deralo kumayendedwe amwayi a console.
Tsopano ngati ndipita kuzikhazikiko, ndikuwona kuti dongosolo limafunsa mawu achinsinsi omwe sindimadziwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kuyambiranso dongosolo. Monga mukuonera, dongosololi silivomereza lamulo lobwezeretsanso, lomwe linachokera ku chipangizo cha wogwiritsa ntchito, choncho ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wapadera. Monga ndidanenera, m'moyo weniweni ndimangotulutsa chingwe chamagetsi kwa masekondi pang'ono kuti ndikanikize kuyambiranso, koma popeza izi sizingachitike mu pulogalamuyi, ndiyenera kuchotsa mawu achinsinsi ndikuyambiranso molunjika kuchokera pano. Mukumvetsa chifukwa chake ndikuchitira izi, sichoncho?
Chifukwa chake, ndimachoka pa tabu ya CLI kupita ku Chida Chakuthupi, ndipo chipangizocho chikayamba kuyambiranso, ndimagwira batani la MODE kwa masekondi a 3 ndikulowetsa ROMmon mode. Mukuwona kuti zomwe zili pawindo la CLI la switch ndizofanana ndi zenera pazenera laputopu. Ndikupita ku laputopu, pawindo lomwe mawonekedwe a ROMmon akusintha, ndikulowetsani flash_init lamulo. Lamuloli limayambitsa mawonekedwe a fayilo pa flash, pambuyo pake ndimatulutsa lamulo la dir_flash kuti muwone zomwe zili mu flash.
Pali mafayilo awiri pano - fayilo ya opaleshoni ya IOS yokhala ndi .bin extension ndi fayilo ya config.text, yomwe tiyenera kutchulanso. Kuti ndichite izi ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la rename flash:config.text flash:config.old. Ngati tsopano mukugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la dir_flash, mukhoza kuona kuti fayilo ya config.text yasinthidwa kukhala config.old.
Tsopano ndikulowetsa lamulo lokhazikitsira, kusinthaku kuyambiranso ndipo pambuyo poyambira, kumapita ku zoikamo zosasintha. Izi zikuwonetsedwa posintha dzina la chipangizocho pamzere wolamula kuchokera ku NwKingSwitch kuti musinthe. Lamulo la rename likupezeka mu chipangizo chenicheni, koma silingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu Packet Tracer. Choncho, ndimagwiritsa ntchito show running conf, monga momwe mukuonera, kusinthaku kumagwiritsa ntchito zosintha zonse, ndikulowetsa lamulo lowonjezera: config.old. Nayi kuthyolako: muyenera kungotengera kasinthidwe kachipangizo kamene kakuwonetsedwa pazenera, kupita kumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndikumata zomwe zidakopera. Momwemo, makonda onse amakopedwa, ndipo mukuwona kuti dzina la chipangizocho lasintha ndipo chosinthira chasinthira kugwira ntchito yanthawi zonse.
Tsopano zonse zomwe zatsala ndikukopera kasinthidwe kameneka kachitidwe ka boot, ndiko kuti, pangani fayilo yatsopano ya config.text. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kungotchulanso fayilo yakale kubwerera ku config.text, ndiko kuti, kukopera zomwe zili mu config.old muzochitika zamakono ndikusunga monga config.text. Umu ndi momwe mumapezera mawu achinsinsi osinthira.
Tsopano tiwona momwe mungasungire zosunga zobwezeretsera ndikubwezeretsanso makina opangira a Cisco IOS. Kusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera kumaphatikizapo kukopera chithunzi cha IOS ku seva ya TFTP. Kenako, ndikuwuzani momwe mungasamutsire fayilo yazithunzi kuchokera pa seva iyi kupita ku chipangizo chanu. Mutu wachitatu ndi kubwezeretsa dongosolo mu ROMmon mode. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira ngati mnzako adachotsa mwangozi iOS ndipo makinawo adasiya kuyambitsa.
Tiwona momwe tingapezere fayilo yamakina kuchokera ku seva ya TFTP pogwiritsa ntchito ROMmod mode. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi, imodzi mwazo ndi xmodem. Packet Tracer sichigwirizana ndi xmodem, kotero ndikufotokozera mwachidule zomwe zili ndikugwiritsa ntchito Packet Tracer kusonyeza momwe njira yachiwiri imagwiritsidwira ntchito - kubwezeretsa dongosolo kudzera pa TFTP.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chipangizo cha Router0, chomwe chimapatsidwa adilesi ya IP 10.1.1.1. Router iyi imalumikizidwa ndi seva yokhala ndi adilesi ya IP 10.1.1.10. Ndinayiwala kupatsa adilesi ku rauta, kotero ndichita mwachangu tsopano. Router yathu sinalumikizidwe ndi laputopu, chifukwa chake pulogalamuyo sipereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha CLI, ndipo ndiyenera kukonza izi.
Ndimalumikiza laputopu ku rauta ndi chingwe cholumikizira, dongosolo limafunsa mawu achinsinsi, ndipo ndimagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti console. Pakusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi, ndimapereka mawonekedwe a f0/0 adilesi yomwe mukufuna ya IP ndi subnet mask 255.255.255.0 ndikuwonjezera lamulo loletsa kutseka.
Kenako, ndimalemba chiwonetsero chazithunzi ndikuwona kuti pali mafayilo atatu pamtima. Fayilo nambala 3 ndiyofunikira kwambiri, iyi ndi fayilo ya IOS ya rauta. Tsopano ndikufunika kukonza seva ya TFTP, kotero ndikudina chizindikiro cha chipangizo cha Server3 ndikutsegula tabu ya SERVICES. Tikuwona kuti seva ya TFTP yatsegulidwa ndipo ili ndi mafayilo ochokera ku machitidwe ambiri a Cisco, kuphatikizapo IOS pa router yathu ya c0 - iyi ndi fayilo yachitatu pamndandanda. Ndiyenera kuchotsa pa seva chifukwa ndikutengera fayilo ina ya IOS pano kuchokera ku rauta yathu, Router1841. Kuti muchite izi, ndikuwunikira fayilo ndikudina Chotsani fayilo, kenako pitani ku tabu laputopu.
Kuchokera pa router console, ndikulowetsa lamulo copy flash tftp <source file name> <popita adilesi/hostname>, kenako kukopera ndi kumata opareshoni file file name.
Chotsatira mu lamuloli muyenera kufotokoza adilesi kapena dzina la omvera akutali komwe fayiloyi iyenera kukopera. Monga momwe mukusungira kasinthidwe ka boot ya rauta, muyenera kusamala apa. Ngati simukutengera molakwika kasinthidwe kameneka ku boot imodzi, koma, m'malo mwake, yambitsani mpaka pano, ndiye mukayambiranso chipangizocho mudzataya zokonda zonse zomwe mudapanga. Momwemonso, pamenepa, gwero ndi kopita siziyenera kusokonezedwa. Kotero, choyamba timatchula dzina la fayilo yomwe iyenera kukopera ku seva, ndiyeno IP adilesi ya seva iyi 10.1.1.10.
Mukuwona kuti kusamutsa mafayilo kwayamba, ndipo ngati muyang'ana mndandanda wa mafayilo a TFTP, mutha kuwona kuti m'malo mwa fayilo yochotsedwa, fayilo yatsopano ya IOS ya rauta yathu yawonekera apa. Umu ndi momwe IOS imakopera ku seva.
Tsopano tikubwerera kuwindo la zoikamo rauta pawindo la laputopu ndikulowetsa lamulo la tftp flash, tchulani adiresi ya 10.1.1.10 ndi dzina la fayilo Source filename, ndiko kuti, IOS yomwe iyenera kukopera kung'anima kwa rauta: c1841-ipbase-mz.123 -14.T7.bin. Kenako, tchulani dzina la fayilo yomwe mukupita, dzina la fayilo, lomwe kwa ife lidzakhala lofanana ndendende ndi dzina lochokera. Pambuyo pake, ndikusindikiza "Lowani" ndipo fayilo yatsopano ya IOS imakopera ku kukumbukira kwa rauta. Mukuwona kuti tsopano tili ndi mafayilo awiri ogwiritsira ntchito: yatsopano pa nambala 3 ndi yoyamba pa nambala 4.
M'matchulidwe a IOS, mtunduwo ndi wofunikira kwa ife - mufayilo yoyamba, nambala 3, ndi 124, ndipo yachiwiri, nambala 4, ndi 123, ndiye kuti, mtundu wakale. Kuphatikiza apo, advipservicesk9 ikuwonetsa kuti pulogalamuyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kuposa ipbase, chifukwa imalola kugwiritsa ntchito MPLS ndi zina zotero.
Chochitika china ndikuti mwachotsa kung'anima molakwika - ndimalemba lamulo lochotsa ndikutchula dzina la fayilo ya IOS yomwe iyenera kuchotsedwa.
Koma zisanachitike, ndikufuna kunena kuti tsopano mwachisawawa panthawi ya boot, nambala ya fayilo ya 3 idzagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiko kuti, c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin. Tinene kuti pazifukwa zina ndikufuna fayilo nambala 4 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi ina ndikadzayambanso dongosolo - c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Kuti ndichite izi, ndimapita kumayendedwe apadziko lonse ndikulemba lamulo la boot system flash: Ρ1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin.
Tsopano, nthawi ina mukadzayambanso, fayiloyi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati OS yosasinthika, ngakhale titakhala ndi machitidwe awiri osungidwa mu flash.
Tiyeni tibwerere ku kuchotsa Os ndi lembani kufufuta kung'anima lamulo: Ρ1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Pambuyo pake, tidzachotsa OS yachiwiri ndi lamulo lochotsa flash: Ρ1841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin, kotero kuti rauta idzataya machitidwe onse awiri.
Ngati tsopano tilemba chiwonetsero chazithunzi, titha kuwona kuti tsopano tilibe OS konse. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikapereka lamulo loyambitsanso? Mutha kuwona kuti mutalowanso lamulo lobwezeretsanso, chipangizocho chimapita ku ROMmon mode. Monga ndanenera, poyambitsa chipangizocho chimayang'ana fayilo ya OS ndipo ngati ikusowa, imapita ku maziko a OS rommon.
Packet Tracer ilibe malamulo a xmodem omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zenizeni zenizeni. Kumeneko mumalowetsa xmodem ndikuwonjezera zosankha zofunika poyambitsa OS. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito SecureCRT terminal, mutha kudina pafayiloyo, sankhani njira yomwe imasamutsa, kenako sankhani xmodem. Mukasankha xmodem, mumasankha fayilo ya opaleshoni. Tiyerekeze kuti fayilo ili pa laputopu yanu, ndiyeno mumalemba xmodem, lozani fayiloyi ndikuitumiza. Komabe xmodem kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono kwambiri ndi kutengerapo ndondomeko malinga ndi wapamwamba kukula akhoza kutenga maola 1-2.
Seva ya TFTP ndiyothamanga kwambiri. Monga ndanenera kale, Packet Tracer ilibe malamulo a xmodem, kotero tidzakweza tftp ndi lamulo la tftpdnld, pambuyo pake dongosololi lidzapereka malingaliro amomwe mungabwezeretsere chithunzichi kudzera pa seva ya TFTP. Mukuwona magawo osiyanasiyana omwe muyenera kufotokozera kuti mutsitse fayilo ya OS. Chifukwa chiyani magawo awa ali ofunikira? Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa mu mawonekedwe a rommon rauta iyi ilibe magwiridwe antchito a chipangizo chathunthu cha IOS. Chifukwa chake, choyamba tiyenera kutchula adilesi ya IP ya rauta yathu pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro IP_ADDRESS=10.1.1.1, kenako subnet mask IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0, chipata chokhazikika DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.1.1.10, seva TFTP_SERVER.10.1.1.10 ndi the. fayilo TFTP_FILE= c1841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin.
Nditachita izi, ndikuyendetsa lamulo la tftpdnld, ndipo dongosolo limapempha kutsimikizira izi, chifukwa deta yonse yomwe ilipo mu flash idzatayika. Ndikayankha kuti "Inde," mudzawona kuti mtundu wa madoko olumikizira ma router-server wasintha kukhala wobiriwira, ndiye kuti, njira yokopera makina ogwiritsira ntchito kuchokera pa seva ikuchitika.
Kutsitsa kwa fayilo kumalizidwa, ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la boot, lomwe limayamba kumasula chithunzi chadongosolo. Mukuwona kuti zitatha izi rauta imalowa m'malo ogwirira ntchito, popeza makina ogwiritsira ntchito amabwerera ku chipangizocho. Umu ndi momwe magwiridwe antchito a chipangizo chomwe chataya machitidwe ake amabwezeretsedwa.
Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za Cisco IOS layisensi.
Pamaso pa 15, panali malayisensi am'mbuyomu, mwachitsanzo 12, pambuyo pake 15 idatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo, musafunse komwe manambala 13 ndi 14 adapita. Kutengera mtengo wake, titi, $1000. Uwu unali mtengo wocheperako wa Hardware wokhala ndi makina oyambira oyika.
Tiyerekeze kuti mnzanuyo amafuna kuti chipangizo chake chikhale ndi ntchito zapamwamba za Advance IP Services, ndiye mtengo wake unali, kunena, madola zikwi khumi. Ndikupatsani manambala achisawawa kuti ndikupatseni lingaliro. Ngakhale nonse muli ndi hardware yofanana, kusiyana kokha ndi mapulogalamu omwe anaikidwa. Palibe chomwe chingakulepheretseni kufunsa mnzanu kope la pulogalamu yake, kuyiyika pa hardware yanu, ndikusunga $10. Ngakhale mulibe bwenzi loterolo, ndi chitukuko chamakono cha intaneti, mukhoza kukopera ndikuyika pulogalamu yowonongeka ya pulogalamuyo. Ndizosaloledwa ndipo sindikukulimbikitsani kuti muchite izi, koma anthu amachita zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Cisco adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito njira yoletsa chinyengo chotere ndikupanga mtundu wa IOS 9 womwe umaphatikizapo kupereka zilolezo.
M'matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu a iOS, mwachitsanzo, 12.4, dzina la dongosolo lokha likuwonetsa magwiridwe ake, kotero popita pazokonda pazida, mutha kudziwa dzina la fayilo ya OS. M'malo mwake, panali makina angapo ogwiritsira ntchito a mtundu womwewo, monganso Windows Home, Windows Professional, Windows Enterprise, ndi zina.
Mu mtundu 15, pali njira imodzi yokha yapadziko lonse lapansi - Cisco IOSv15, yomwe ili ndi magawo angapo a chilolezo. Chithunzi chadongosolo chili ndi ntchito zonse, koma zimatsekedwa ndikugawidwa m'mapaketi.
Phukusi la IP Base limagwira ntchito mwachisawawa, lili ndi zovomerezeka zamoyo zonse ndipo limapezeka kwa aliyense amene amagula chipangizo cha Cisco. Maphukusi atatu otsalawo, Data, Unified Communication and Security, atha kutsegulidwa ndi chilolezo. Ngati mukufuna phukusi la Data, mukhoza kupita ku webusaiti ya kampani, kulipira ndalama zina, ndipo Cisco idzakutumizirani fayilo ya layisensi ku imelo yanu. Mumakopera fayiloyi ku flash memory ya chipangizo chanu pogwiritsa ntchito TFTP kapena njira ina, kenako zida zonse za phukusi la Data zimapezeka zokha. Ngati mukufuna zida zapamwamba zachitetezo monga kubisa, IPSec, VPN, firewall, ndi zina zambiri, mumagula laisensi ya phukusi la Chitetezo.
Tsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito Packet Tracer, ndikuwonetsani momwe izi zimawonekera. Ndimapita ku tabu ya CLI ya zoikamo rauta ndikulowetsa lamulo lachiwonetsero. Mutha kuwona kuti tikuyendetsa OS 15.1, iyi ndi OS yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ili ndi magwiridwe antchito onse. Ngati inu Mpukutu pansi zenera, inu mukhoza kuwona layisensi zambiri.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti phukusi la ipbase ndi lokhazikika komanso limapezeka nthawi zonse pamene chipangizochi chikuyambanso, ndipo ma phukusi a chitetezo ndi deta sapezeka chifukwa dongosololi liribe malayisensi oyenerera.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito layisensi yowonetsera kuti muwone zambiri zalayisensi. Mutha kuwonanso zambiri zachilolezo chapano pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo latsatanetsatane lachiwonetsero. Mawonekedwe a layisensi amatha kuwonedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la mawonekedwe a layisensi. Ichi ndi chidule cha dongosolo la chilolezo cha Cisco. Mumapita patsamba la kampaniyo, kugula laisensi yofunikira, ndikuyika fayilo yachilolezo mudongosolo. Izi zitha kuchitika mumayendedwe adziko lonse lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lokhazikitsa laisensi.
Zikomo chifukwa chokhala nafe. Kodi mumakonda zolemba zathu? Mukufuna kuwona zambiri zosangalatsa? Tithandizeni potipatsa oda kapena kulimbikitsa anzathu, 30% kuchotsera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Habr pa analogi yapadera yamaseva olowera, omwe tinapangira inu: (ikupezeka ndi RAID1 ndi RAID10, mpaka 24 cores mpaka 40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd 2 nthawi zotsika mtengo? Pokhapokha ku Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - kuchokera $99! Werengani za
Source: www.habr.com