Tayang'ana kale ma VLAN akumaloko m'maphunziro a kanema Masiku 11, 12 ndi 13 ndipo lero tipitiliza kuwaphunzira molingana ndi mitu ya ICND2. Ndinajambulitsa vidiyo yapitayi, yomwe inali kutha kwa kukonzekera mayeso a ICND1, miyezi ingapo yapitayo ndipo nthawi yonseyi mpaka lero ndinali wotanganidwa kwambiri. Ndikuganiza kuti ambiri a inu mwapambana mayesowa, omwe adachedwetsa kuyezetsa akhoza kudikirira mpaka kumapeto kwa gawo lachiwiri la maphunzirowo ndikuyesera kupititsa mayeso athunthu a CCNA 200-125.
Ndi phunziro lamakono la kanema "Tsiku 34" tikuyamba mutu wa maphunziro a ICND2. Anthu ambiri amandifunsa chifukwa chimene ife sanali kuphimba OSPF ndi EIGRP. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndondomekozi sizinaphatikizidwe m'mitu ya maphunziro a ICND1 ndipo amaphunzira kukonzekera kudutsa ICND2. Kuyambira lero tiyamba kuphimba mitu ya gawo lachiwiri la maphunzirowa ndipo, ndithudi, tidzaphunzira ma punctures a OSPF ndi EIGRP. Ndisanayambe mutu wa lero, ndikufuna kunena za kamangidwe ka maphunziro athu a kanema. Popereka mitu ya ICND1, sindinatsatire ma templates ovomerezeka, koma ndinangofotokozera mfundozo momveka bwino, popeza ndimakhulupirira kuti njirayi ndiyosavuta kumvetsetsa. Tsopano, pophunzira ICND2, pofunsidwa ndi ophunzira, ndiyamba kupereka maphunziro motsatira ndondomeko ya maphunziro ndi Cisco.
Mukapita patsamba la kampaniyo, muwona dongosololi komanso kuti maphunziro onse agawidwa m'magawo 5:
- Njira zamakono zosinthira maukonde (26% yazamaphunziro);
- Njira zamakono (29%);
- Ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi (16%);
- Ntchito zogwirira ntchito (14%);
- Kukonza zomangamanga (15%).
Ndiyamba ndi gawo loyamba. Ngati mudina pa menyu yotsitsa kumanja, mutha kuwona mitu yatsatanetsatane yagawoli. Kanema wamaphunziro amasiku ano akhudza mitu ya Gawo 1.1: "Kukonza, Kutsimikizira, ndi Kuthetsa Mavuto a VLAN (Okhazikika / Owonjezera) Ophatikiza Masinthidwe Angapo" ndi Magawo 1.1a "Madoko Ofikira (Data ndi Mawu)" ndi 1.1.b "Ma VLAN Okhazikika" .
Kenako, ndiyesetsa kutsatira mfundo yomweyi yowonetsera, ndiye kuti, phunziro lililonse la kanema lidzaperekedwa ku gawo limodzi lokhala ndi magawo, ndipo ngati palibe zinthu zokwanira, ndikuphatikiza mitu ya magawo angapo paphunziro limodzi, Mwachitsanzo, 1.2 ndi 1.3. Ngati pali zinthu zambiri m'gawoli, ndigawa mavidiyo awiri. Mulimonsemo, tidzatsatira silabasi yamaphunzirowo ndipo mutha kufananiza zolemba zanu mosavuta ndi maphunziro a Cisco apano.
Mutha kuwona kompyuta yanga yatsopano pazenera, iyi ndi Windows 10. Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa kompyuta yanu ndi ma widget osiyanasiyana, mutha kuwona kanema wanga wotchedwa "Pimp Your Desktop", komwe ndikuwonetsa momwe mungasinthire kompyuta yanu molingana ndi zosowa zanu. Ndimayika makanema amtunduwu panjira ina, ExplainWorld, kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ulalo womwe uli pakona yakumanja ndikuzidziwa zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Ndisanayambe phunziro, ndikupempha kuti musaiwale kugawana ndi kukonda mavidiyo anga. Ndikufunanso kukukumbutsani za omwe timalumikizana nawo pamasamba ochezera komanso maulalo amasamba anga. Mutha kundilembera ndi imelo, ndipo monga ndidanenera kale, anthu omwe apereka zopereka patsamba lathu adzakhala patsogolo pakulandila yankho langa.
Ngati simunapereke, zili bwino, mutha kusiya ndemanga zanu pansipa zamaphunziro a kanema pa kanema wa YouTube ndipo ndiwayankha momwe ndingathere.
Kotero, lero, molingana ndi ndondomeko ya Cisco, tiwona mafunso a 3: yerekezerani VLAN Yokhazikika, kapena VLAN yosasinthika, ndi Native VLAN, kapena "native" VLAN, fufuzani momwe Normal VLAN (nthawi zonse VLAN) imasiyana. ma netiweki owonjezera a VLAN ndipo Tiyeni tiwone kusiyana pakati pa Data VLAN ndi Voice VLAN. Monga ndanenera, taphunzira kale nkhaniyi m'ndandanda yapitayi, koma mwachiphamaso, ophunzira ambiri amavutikabe kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya VLAN. Lero ndifotokoza zimenezi mβnjira imene aliyense angamvetse.
Tiyeni tiwone kusiyana pakati pa Default VLAN ndi Native VLAN. Ngati mutenga chosinthira chatsopano cha Cisco chokhala ndi zoikamo za fakitale, idzakhala ndi ma VLAN 5 - VLAN1, VLAN1002, VLAN1003, VLAN1004 ndi VLAN1005.
VLAN1 ndiye VLAN yosasinthika pazida zonse za Cisco, ndipo ma VLAN 1002-1005 amasungidwa ku Token Ring ndi FDDI. VLAN1 sichingachotsedwe kapena kusinthidwanso, zolumikizira sizingawonjezedwe, ndipo ma doko onse osinthira amakhala a netiweki iyi mwachisawawa mpaka atakonzedwa mosiyana. Mwachikhazikitso, masiwichi onse amatha kulankhulana chifukwa onse ndi gawo la VLAN1. Izi ndi zomwe "Default VLAN" amatanthauza.
Mukapita ku zoikamo za lophimba SW1 ndi kugawa zolumikizira ziwiri kwa VLAN20 netiweki, iwo adzakhala mbali ya VLAN20 netiweki. Ndisanayambe phunziro la lero, ndikulangizani mwamphamvu kuti muwunikenso zigawo 11,12, 13 ndi XNUMX zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa chifukwa sindidzabwereza zomwe VLAN ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Ndikukumbutsani kuti simungathe kugawira zolumikizira ku netiweki ya VLAN20 mpaka mutayipanga, ndiye choyamba muyenera kulowa mukusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga VLAN20. Mutha kuyang'ana makonda a CLI ndikuwona zomwe ndikutanthauza. Mukangopereka madoko awiriwa ku VLAN2, PC20 ndi PC1 azitha kulumikizana chifukwa onse adzakhala a VLAN2 yomweyo. Koma PC20 idzakhalabe gawo la VLAN3 ndipo kotero sidzatha kulankhulana ndi makompyuta pa VLAN1.
Tili ndi yachiwiri lophimba SW2, mmodzi wa zolumikizira amene anapatsidwa ntchito ndi VLAN20, ndi PC5 chikugwirizana ndi doko. Ndi mapangidwe olumikizana awa, PC5 sangathe kulumikizana ndi PC4 ndi PC6, koma makompyuta awiriwa amatha kulumikizana chifukwa ndi a VLAN1 yomweyo.
Masiwichi onsewa amalumikizidwa ndi thunthu kudzera pamadoko okonzedwa motsatana. Sindidzadzibwereza ndekha, ndingonena kuti ma doko onse osinthika amapangidwa mwachisawawa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito protocol ya DTP. Ngati mulumikiza kompyuta ku doko linalake, ndiye kuti dokoli lidzagwiritsa ntchito njira yofikira. Ngati mukufuna kusintha doko kumene PC3 chilumikizidwe mumalowedwe, muyenera kulowa switchport mumalowedwe lamulo.
Kotero, ngati mutagwirizanitsa masiwichi awiri kwa wina ndi mzake, amapanga thunthu. Madoko awiri apamwamba a SW1 adzangodutsa magalimoto a VLAN20 okha, doko lapansi lidzangodutsa magalimoto a VLAN1, koma kulumikizidwa kwa thunthu kumadutsa magalimoto onse odutsa pa switch. Chifukwa chake, SW2 ilandila magalimoto kuchokera ku VLAN1 ndi VLAN20.
Monga mukukumbukira, ma VLAN ali ndi tanthauzo la komweko. Chifukwa chake, SW2 ikudziwa kuti magalimoto ofika padoko VLAN1 kuchokera ku PC4 amatha kutumizidwa ku PC6 kudzera padoko lomwenso ndi la VLAN1. Komabe, sinthani imodzi ikatumiza magalimoto kupita kugulu lina, iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofotokozera kusintha kwachiwiri kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa magalimoto. Monga njira yotere, ma netiweki a Native VLAN amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi doko la thunthu ndikudutsa magalimoto omwe ali nawo.
Monga ndanenera kale, chosinthira chili ndi netiweki imodzi yokha yomwe siyingasinthe - iyi ndi netiweki ya VLAN1. Koma mwachisawawa, Native VLAN ndi VLAN1. Kodi Native VLAN ndi chiyani? Uwu ndi netiweki yomwe imalola kuti magalimoto asamangidwe kuchokera ku VLAN1, koma doko likangolandira magalimoto kuchokera ku netiweki ina iliyonse, kwa ife VLAN20, imayikidwa chizindikiro. Fungo lililonse lili ndi adilesi yopita DA, adilesi yochokera ku SA, ndi tagi ya VLAN yokhala ndi ID ya VLAN. Kwa ife, ID iyi ikuwonetsa kuti magalimotowa ndi a VLAN20, kotero amatha kutumizidwa kudzera padoko la VLAN20 ndikupita ku PC5. Native VLAN ikhoza kunenedwa kuti isankhe ngati magalimoto akuyenera kulembedwa kapena osayikidwa.
Kumbukirani kuti VLAN1 ndi VLAN yosasinthika chifukwa mwachisawawa madoko onse amagwiritsa ntchito VLAN1 ngati Native VLAN kunyamula magalimoto osatchulidwa. Komabe, Default VLAN ndi VLAN1 yokha, network yokhayo yomwe singasinthidwe. Ngati lophimba amalandira mafelemu untagged pa thunthu doko, izo basi assignment kwa Native VLAN.
Mwachidule, mu masinthidwe a Cisco mutha kugwiritsa ntchito VLAN iliyonse ngati Native VLAN, mwachitsanzo, VLAN20, ndi VLAN1 yokha yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati VLAN Yokhazikika.
Tikamatero, tingakhale ndi vuto. Ngati tisintha Native VLAN pa doko la thunthu la chosinthira choyamba kupita ku VLAN20, ndiye kuti dokolo lidzaganiza kuti: "popeza iyi ndi Native VLAN, ndiye kuti magalimoto ake safunikira kulembedwa" ndipo adzatumiza magalimoto osasinthika a netiweki ya VLAN20. pa thunthu mpaka chosinthira chachiwiri. Sinthani SW2, mutalandira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto awa, akuti: "Zabwino, magalimotowa alibe tag. Malinga ndi makonda anga, Native VLAN yanga ndi VLAN1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndiyenera kutumiza magalimoto osatchulidwa pa VLAN1. " Chifukwa chake SW2 ingotumiza magalimoto omwe alandilidwa ku PC4 ndi PC-6 ngakhale akupita ku PC5. Izi zipangitsa vuto lalikulu lachitetezo chifukwa liphatikiza magalimoto a VLAN. Ndicho chifukwa chomwecho Native VLAN ayenera nthawi zonse kukhazikitsidwa pa madoko thunthu, ndiye kuti, ngati Native VLAN kwa thunthu doko SW1 ndi VLAN20, ndiye VLAN20 yemweyo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa monga Native VLAN pa thunthu doko SW2.
Uku ndiko kusiyana pakati pa Native VLAN ndi Default VLAN, ndipo muyenera kukumbukira kuti Native VLANs mu thunthu iyenera kufanana (cholemba cha womasulira: Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ena osati VLAN1 monga Native VLAN).
Tiyeni tiwone izi kuchokera kumalingaliro a switch. Mutha kulowa mu switch ndikulemba chiwonetsero chachidule cha vlan, pambuyo pake mudzawona kuti madoko onse osinthira alumikizidwa ku Default VLAN1.
Pansipa pali ma VLAN ena 4: 1002,1003,1004 ndi 1005. Iyinso ndi VLAN Yokhazikika, mutha kuwona izi kuchokera pamatchulidwe awo. Ndiwo ma netiweki osasinthika chifukwa amasungidwa pamanetiweki ena - Token Ring ndi FDDI. Monga mukuonera, iwo ali muzochitika zogwira ntchito, koma samathandizidwa, chifukwa maukonde a miyezo yomwe tatchulayi sakugwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha.
Mawu akuti "default" a VLAN 1 sangasinthidwe chifukwa ndi netiweki yokhazikika. Popeza mwachisawawa ma doko onse osinthira ndi a netiweki iyi, masinthidwe onse amatha kulumikizana mwachisawawa, ndiye kuti, popanda kufunikira kowonjezera kowonjezera. Ngati mukufuna kulumikiza chosinthira ku netiweki ina, mumalowetsa zosintha zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga netiweki iyi, mwachitsanzo, VLAN20. Mwa kukanikiza "Lowani", mupita ku zoikamo za netiweki yomwe idapangidwa ndipo mutha kuyipatsa dzina, mwachitsanzo, Management, kenako ndikutuluka.
Ngati tsopano mugwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero chachidule cha vlan, muwona kuti tili ndi netiweki yatsopano ya VLAN20, yomwe sagwirizana ndi madoko aliwonse osinthira. Kuti mugawire doko linalake ku netiweki iyi, muyenera kusankha mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, int e0/1, pitani ku zoikamo za dokoli ndikulowetsani njira yolowera ndi switchport kulowa vlan20 malamulo.
Ngati tifunsa dongosolo kuti liwonetse momwe ma VLAN alili, tiwona kuti doko la Efaneti 0/1 tsopano likupangidwira maukonde a Management, ndiye kuti, idasunthidwa pano kuchokera kudera la madoko omwe amaperekedwa mosasintha ku VLAN1.
Kumbukirani kuti doko lililonse lolowera limatha kukhala ndi VLAN imodzi yokha ya Data, kotero silingathandizire ma VLAN awiri nthawi imodzi.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone Native VLAN. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha int trunk command ndikuwona kuti doko Ethernet0/0 laperekedwa ku thunthu.
Sindinafunikire kuchita izi mwadala chifukwa protocol ya DTP idangopatsa mawonekedwewa kuti adutse. Doko liri mumayendedwe ofunikira, encapsulation ndi mtundu wa n-isl, doko likuyenda bwino, netiweki ndi Native VLAN1.
Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa manambala a VLAN 1-4094 ololedwa kukwera ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti tili ndi maukonde a VLAN1 ndi VLAN20 omwe akugwira ntchito. Tsopano ndipita kumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndikulemba lamulo int e0/0, chifukwa chomwe ndipita pazokonda za mawonekedwe awa. Ndikuyesera kupanga pamanja doko ili kuti lizigwira ntchito mu trunk mode ndi switchport mode trunk command, koma makinawo savomereza lamuloli, poyankha kuti: "Mawonekedwe okhala ndi automat trunk encapsulation mode sangasinthidwe kukhala thunthu."
Chifukwa chake, ndiyenera kukonza kaye mtundu wa trunk encapsulation, womwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la switchport trunk encapsulation. Dongosololi lidapereka malangizo omwe ali ndi magawo zotheka palamulo ili:
dot1q - panthawi ya trunking, doko limagwiritsa ntchito 802.1q trunk encapsulation;
isl-panthawi ya trunking, doko limagwiritsa ntchito trunking encapsulation yokha ya protocol ya Cisco ISL;
negotiate - chipangizo encapsulates trunking ndi chipangizo chilichonse cholumikizidwa ndi doko.
Mtundu womwewo wa encapsulation uyenera kusankhidwa kumapeto kwa thunthu. Mwachikhazikitso, kusintha kwa bokosi kumangothandizira mtundu wa dot1q, popeza pafupifupi zida zonse za netiweki zimathandizira izi. Ndikonza mawonekedwe athu kuti atseke trunking molingana ndi muyezo uwu pogwiritsa ntchito switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q command, kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lokanidwa kale la switchport mode trunk. Tsopano doko lathu lakonzedwa kuti likhale thunthu.
Ngati thunthu lipangidwa ndi masiwichi awiri a Cisco, protocol ya ISL ya mwiniwake idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa. Ngati chosinthira chimodzi chimathandizira dot1q ndi ISL, ndipo chachiwiri ndi dot1q, thunthu limangosinthidwa kukhala dot1q encapsulation mode. Ngati tiyang'ananso magawo a trunking kachiwiri, tikhoza kuona kuti mawonekedwe a trunking encapsulation a mawonekedwe a Et0/0 tsopano asintha kuchokera ku n-isl kupita ku 802.1q.
Ngati tilowetsa chiwonetsero cha int e0/0 switchport command, tiwona magawo onse a dokoli.
Mukuwona kuti mwachisawawa VLAN1 ndi "manetiweki obadwa" a Native VLAN kuti adutse, ndipo Native VLAN traffic tagging mode ndizotheka. Kenako, ndimagwiritsa ntchito int e0/0 lamulo, pitani ku zoikamo za mawonekedwewa ndikulemba thunthu la switchport, pambuyo pake dongosolo limapereka chidziwitso cha magawo omwe angachitike.
Zololedwa zikutanthauza kuti ngati doko lili mu thunthu, mawonekedwe ololedwa a VLAN adzakhazikitsidwa. Encapsulation imathandizira trunking encapsulation ngati doko lili mu thunthu. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito gawo lachibadwidwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mumayendedwe a thunthu doko lidzakhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndikulowetsa lamulo la switchport trunk VLAN20. Choncho, mu mode thunthu, VLAN20 adzakhala Native VLAN kwa doko loyamba lophimba SW1.
Tili ndi switch ina, SW2, ya doko la thunthu lomwe VLAN1 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati Native VLAN. Tsopano mukuwona kuti protocol ya CDP ikuwonetsa uthenga woti kusagwirizana kwa Native VLAN kwapezeka kumapeto onse a thunthu: doko la thumba loyamba la Ethernet0/0 losinthira limagwiritsa ntchito Native VLAN20, ndipo doko la thunthu la switch yachiwiri limagwiritsa ntchito Native VLAN1. . Izi zikuwonetsa kusiyana komwe kuli pakati pa Native VLAN ndi Default VLAN.
Tiyeni tiyambe kuyang'ana pamtundu wokhazikika komanso wokulirapo wa ma VLAN.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, Cisco idangothandizira nambala ya VLAN 1 mpaka 1005, yokhala ndi 1002 mpaka 1005 yosungidwa mwachisawawa kwa Token Ring ndi FDDI VLAN. Maukondewa amatchedwa ma VLAN okhazikika. Ngati mukukumbukira, ID ya VLAN ndi tag ya 12-bit yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woyika nambala mpaka 4096, koma pazifukwa zofananira Cisco amangogwiritsa ntchito manambala mpaka 1005.
Mitundu yowonjezera ya VLAN imaphatikizapo manambala kuchokera ku 1006 mpaka 4095. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zakale pokhapokha ngati zikuthandizira VTP v3. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito VTP v3 ndi mtundu wotalikirapo wa VLAN, muyenera kuletsa chithandizo cha VTP v1 ndi v2, chifukwa mitundu yoyamba ndi yachiwiri sangathe kugwira ntchito ndi ma VLAN ngati awerengedwa kuposa 1005.
Chifukwa chake ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito Extended VLAN kwa ma switch akale, VTP iyenera kukhala mu "desable" state ndipo muyenera kuyikonza pamanja pa VLAN, apo ayi kusinthidwa kwa database ya VLAN sikutheka. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito VLAN Yowonjezera ndi VTP, mufunika mtundu wachitatu wa VTP.
Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe a VTP pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha vtp status command. Mukuwona kuti kusinthaku kumagwira ntchito mu VTP v2 mode, mothandizidwa ndi matembenuzidwe 1 ndi 3 zotheka.
Njira yowongolera ya VTP - seva ndiyofunikira pano. Mutha kuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa ma VLAN omwe amathandizidwa ndi 1005. Chifukwa chake, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti chosinthirachi mwachisawawa chimangothandizira mtundu wa VLAN wokhazikika.
Tsopano ndilemba show vlan mwachidule ndipo muwona VLAN20 Management, yomwe yatchulidwa apa chifukwa ndi gawo la database ya VLAN.
Ngati ndikupempha kuti ndiwonetse kasinthidwe kachipangizo kameneka ndi lamulo loyendetsa, sitidzawona kutchulidwa kwa VLAN chifukwa zimangopezeka mu database ya VLAN.
Kenako, ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la vtp kuti ndikonze mawonekedwe a VTP. Kusintha kwa zitsanzo zakale kunali ndi magawo atatu okha a lamulo ili: kasitomala, yemwe amasintha kusintha kwa kasitomala, seva, yomwe imatsegula mawonekedwe a seva, ndi zowonekera, zomwe zimasintha kusintha kwa "transparent" mode. Popeza zinali zosatheka kuletsa VTP pa masinthidwe akale, munjira iyi yosinthira, pomwe idatsalira gawo la VTP, idangosiya kuvomereza zosintha za database za VLAN zomwe zikufika pamadoko ake kudzera pa protocol ya VTP.
Kusintha kwatsopano tsopano kuli ndi parameter yozimitsa, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wolepheretsa mawonekedwe a VTP. Tiyeni tisinthe chipangizochi kuti chikhale chowonekera pogwiritsa ntchito vtp mode transparent command ndikuwonanso kasinthidwe kameneka. Monga mukuwonera, cholowera cha VLAN20 chawonjezedwa kwa icho. Chifukwa chake, ngati tiwonjezera VLAN yomwe nambala yake ili mumtundu wa VLAN wokhazikika wokhala ndi manambala kuyambira 1 mpaka 1005, ndipo nthawi yomweyo VTP ili munjira yowonekera kapena yozimitsa, ndiye kuti malinga ndi ndondomeko zamkati za VLAN maukondewa adzawonjezedwa mpaka pano. kasinthidwe ndi kulowa mu database ya VLAN.
Tiyeni tiyesere kuwonjezera VLAN 3000, ndipo muwona kuti mumawonekedwe owonekera imawonekeranso mu kasinthidwe kameneka. Kawirikawiri, ngati tikufuna kuwonjezera maukonde kuchokera ku VLAN yowonjezera, tingagwiritse ntchito vtp version 3. Monga momwe mukuonera, VLAN20 ndi VLAN3000 zikuwonetsedwa muzokonzekera zamakono.
Mukatuluka mumawonekedwe owonekera ndikutsegula mawonekedwe a seva pogwiritsa ntchito vtp mode seva lamulo, ndiyeno yang'anani kasinthidwe kameneka, mukhoza kuona kuti zolemba za VLAN zasowa. Izi ndichifukwa choti zidziwitso zonse za VLAN zimasungidwa mu nkhokwe ya VLAN yokha ndipo zitha kuwonedwa munjira yowonekera ya VTP. Popeza ndidayatsa mawonekedwe a VTP v3, nditagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha vtp status command, mutha kuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa ma VLAN othandizidwa kwawonjezeka mpaka 4096.
Chifukwa chake, VTP v1 ndi VTP v2 database imangothandizira ma VLAN okhazikika omwe ali ndi nambala 1 mpaka 1005, pomwe VTP v3 database imaphatikizapo zolembera za VLAN zowonjezera zoyambira 1 mpaka 4096. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito VTP transparent kapena VTP off mode, zambiri o VLAN zidzawonjezedwa. ku kasinthidwe kamakono. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito VLAN yotalikirapo, chipangizocho chiyenera kukhala mu VTP v3 mode. Uku ndiye kusiyana pakati pa ma VLAN okhazikika komanso owonjezera.
Tsopano ife kuyerekeza deta VLANs ndi mawu VLANs. Ngati mukukumbukira, ndinanena kuti doko lililonse likhoza kukhala la VLAN imodzi panthawi imodzi.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri timafunika kukonza doko kuti tigwire ntchito ndi foni ya IP. Mafoni amakono a Cisco IP ali ndi masinthidwe awo omwe amamangidwamo, kotero mutha kungolumikiza foni ndi chingwe pakhoma, ndi chingwe ku kompyuta yanu. Vuto linali loti jack khoma lomwe doko la foni lidalumikizidwa liyenera kukhala ndi ma VLAN awiri osiyana. Takambirana kale m'maphunziro a kanema 11 ndi masiku a 12 zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe kutsekeka kwa magalimoto, momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito lingaliro la VLAN "yachibadwidwe" yomwe imadutsa magalimoto osadziwika, koma zonsezi zinali zogwirira ntchito. Yankho lomaliza la vutoli linali lingaliro lakugawa ma VLAN kukhala ma network a data traffic ndi ma network a traffic yamawu.
Pankhaniyi, mumaphatikiza mizere yonse ya foni kukhala VLAN. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti PC1 ndi PC2 zitha kukhala pa VLAN20 yofiyira, ndipo PC3 ikhoza kukhala pa VLAN30 yobiriwira, koma mafoni awo onse ogwirizana ndi IP atha kukhala pamawu achikasu a VLAN50.
M'malo mwake, doko lililonse la switch ya SW1 lidzakhala ndi ma VLAN awiri nthawi imodzi - pa data ndi mawu.
Monga ndanenera, VLAN yofikira nthawi zonse imakhala ndi VLAN imodzi, simungakhale ndi ma VLAN awiri padoko lomwelo. Simungagwiritse ntchito vlan 10, switchport access vlan 20 ndi switchport access vlan 50 command ku mawonekedwe amodzi nthawi imodzi. Koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo awiri pa mawonekedwe omwewo: switchport access vlan 10 command ndi switchport voice vlan 50 lamula Chifukwa chake, popeza foni ya IP ili ndi chosinthira mkati mwake, imatha kuyika ndikutumiza mawu a VLAN50 ndikulandila ndikutumiza magalimoto a data a VLAN20 kuti asinthe SW1 munjira yolowera. Tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimapangidwira.
Choyamba tipanga netiweki ya VLAN50, kenako tipita ku zoikamo za mawonekedwe a Efaneti 0/1 ndikuyikonza kuti ifikire ma switchport. Pambuyo pake, ndikulowa motsatana ndikusintha kwa vlan 10 ndi ma switchport voice vlan 50.
Ndinayiwala kukonza mawonekedwe omwewo a VLAN a thunthu, kotero ndipita ku zoikamo za Efaneti doko 0/0 ndikulowetsa lamulo switchport thunthu mbadwa vlan 1. Tsopano ine ndikupempha kusonyeza VLAN magawo, ndipo inu mukhoza kuwona kuti tsopano pa doko la Efaneti 0/1 tili ndi maukonde onse awiri - VLAN 50 ndi VLAN20.
Choncho, ngati muwona kuti pali ma VLAN awiri pa doko lomwelo, ndiye kuti mmodzi wa iwo ndi Voice VLAN. Izi sizingakhale thunthu chifukwa ngati muyang'ana magawo a thunthu pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la int trunk, mukhoza kuona kuti doko la thunthu lili ndi ma VLAN onse, kuphatikizapo VLAN1 yosasintha.
Mutha kunena kuti mwaukadaulo, mukapanga netiweki ya data ndi maukonde a mawu, madoko aliwonsewa amakhala ngati thunthu la theka: pa netiweki imodzi imakhala ngati thunthu, ina ngati doko lofikira.
Ngati mungalembe lamulo kuwonetsa int e0/1 switchport, mutha kuwona kuti mawonekedwe ena amafanana ndi njira ziwiri zogwirira ntchito: tili ndi mwayi wokhazikika komanso trunking encapsulation. Pankhaniyi, njira yofikira ikufanana ndi netiweki ya data VLAN 20 Management ndipo nthawi yomweyo maukonde a VLAN 50 alipo.
Mutha kuyang'ana makonzedwe apano, omwe awonetsanso kuti mwayi wa vlan 20 ndi mawu vlan 50 ulipo padokoli.
Uku ndiye kusiyana pakati pa Data VLANs ndi Voice VLAN. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mwamvetsetsa zonse zomwe ndinanena, ngati sichoncho, ingowonaninso phunziroli.
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Source: www.habr.com