Lero tiwona zamphamvu trunking protocol DTP ndi VTP - VLAN trunking protocol. Monga ndidanenera m'phunziro lapitali, titsatira mitu ya mayeso a ICND2 momwe yalembedwera patsamba la Cisco.
Nthawi yotsiriza tinayang'ana pa mfundo 1.1, ndipo lero tiyang'ana pa 1.2 - kukhazikitsa, kuyang'ana ndi kuthetsa maulumikizidwe a kusintha kwa maukonde: kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa ma VLAN kuchokera ku thunthu ndi DTP ndi VTP protocol versions 1 ndi 2.
Madoko onse osinthira omwe ali m'bokosi amakonzedwa mwachisawawa kuti agwiritse ntchito njira ya Dynamic Auto ya protocol ya DTP. Izi zikutanthauza kuti madoko awiri a masiwichi osiyana akalumikizidwa, thunthu limayatsidwa pakati pawo ngati limodzi la madoko lili mu thunthu kapena zofunika. Ngati madoko a masiwichi onse awiri ali mu Dynamic Auto mode, thunthu silinapangidwe.
Chifukwa chake, zonse zimatengera kukhazikitsa mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito iliyonse ya masiwichi a 2. Kuti mumvetsetse, ndidapanga tebulo la mitundu yosakanikirana ya DTP ya masiwichi awiri. Mukuwona kuti ngati masiwichi onse awiri agwiritsa ntchito Dynamic Auto, sapanga thunthu, koma azikhalabe mu Access mode. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kuti thunthu lipangidwe pakati pa masiwichi awiri, muyenera kukonza imodzi mwa masinthidwe amtundu wa Trunk, kapena kukonza doko la thunthu kuti mugwiritse ntchito Dynamic Desirable mode. Monga tikuwonera patebulo, madoko aliwonse osinthira amatha kukhala mu imodzi mwamitundu 4: Kufikira, Dynamic Auto, Dynamic Desirable kapena Trunk.
Ngati madoko onse awiri asinthidwa kuti apezeke, masiwichi olumikizidwa adzagwiritsa ntchito Access mode. Ngati doko limodzi lakonzedwa kuti likhale la Dynamic Auto ndipo linalo la Access, onse azigwira ntchito mu Access mode. Ngati doko limodzi likugwira ntchito mu Access mode ndi lina mu Trunk mode, sizingatheke kugwirizanitsa zosintha, kotero kuphatikiza kwa mitundu sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chifukwa chake, kuti trunking igwire ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti imodzi mwama doko osinthira apangidwe a Trunk, ndi ena a Trunk, Dynamic Auto kapena Dynamic Desirable. Thunthu limapangidwanso ngati madoko onse awiri asinthidwa kukhala Dynamic Desirable.
Kusiyana pakati pa Dynamic Desirable ndi Dynamic Auto ndikuti mumayendedwe oyamba, doko lokhalo limayambitsa thunthu, kutumiza mafelemu a DTP ku doko la switch yachiwiri. Munjira yachiwiri, doko losinthira limadikirira mpaka wina ayambe kuyankhulana nalo, ndipo ngati madoko a masinthidwe onse awiri asinthidwa kukhala Dynamic Auto, thunthu silimapangidwa pakati pawo. Pankhani ya Dynamic Desirable, zinthu ndizosiyana - ngati madoko onse awiri asinthidwa mwanjira iyi, thunthu liyenera kupangidwa pakati pawo.
Ndikukulangizani kuti mukumbukire tebulo ili, chifukwa lidzakuthandizani kukonza bwino masiwichi ogwirizana. Tiyeni tiwone mbali iyi mu pulogalamu ya Packet Tracer. Ndidalumikiza masiwichi atatu palimodzi ndipo tsopano ndiwonetsa mawindo a CLI pazida zilizonse pazenera.
Ngati ndilowetsa lamulo la int trunk, sitidzawona thunthu lililonse, lomwe ndi lachilengedwe pakalibe zoikamo zofunika, chifukwa masiwichi onse amapangidwira mawonekedwe a Dynamic Auto. Ngati ndikupempha kuti ndiwonetse mawonekedwe a f0/1 pakusintha kwapakati, mudzawona kuti mumayendedwe owongolera ma auto parameter amalembedwa.
Masinthidwe achitatu ndi oyamba ali ndi zoikamo zofananira - alinso ndi doko f0/1 mumayendedwe amagalimoto amphamvu. Ngati mukukumbukira tebulo, chifukwa trunking madoko onse ayenera kukhala mu thunthu mode kapena mmodzi wa madoko ayenera kukhala mu Dynamic Desirable mode.
Tiyeni tilowe muzokonda zosinthira SW0 ndikusintha doko f0/1. Pambuyo polowa lamulo la switchport mode, dongosololi lidzakupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi magawo omwe angatheke: kupeza, mphamvu kapena thunthu. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito switchport mode dynamic command, ndipo mutha kuwona momwe thumba la thunthu f0/1 la switch yachiwiri, nditalowa lamuloli, lidalowa m'malo otsika, kenako, nditalandira chimango cha DTP chosinthira choyamba, idapita. ku up state.
Ngati tsopano tilowetsa lamulo la int trunk mu CLI console ya switch SW1, tiwona kuti doko f0/1 ili mu trunking state. Ndikulowetsa lamulo lomwelo mu cholembera cha switch SW1 ndikuwona zomwezo, ndiye kuti, tsopano thunthu limayikidwa pakati pa masiwichi SW0 ndi SW1. Pankhaniyi, doko la chosinthira choyamba liri mumayendedwe ofunikira, ndipo doko lachiwiri liri munjira yama auto.
Palibe kugwirizana pakati pa kusintha kwachiwiri ndi kwachitatu, kotero ndimapita ku zoikamo za kusintha kwachitatu ndikulowetsa lamulo la switchport mode yofunikira. Mukuwona kuti pakusintha kwachiwiri kusintha komweku kunachitika, pokhapo amakhudza doko f0/2, pomwe 3 imalumikizidwa. Tsopano kusintha kwachiwiri kuli ndi mitengo ikuluikulu iwiri: imodzi pa mawonekedwe f0/1, yachiwiri pa f0/2. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati mugwiritsa ntchito show int trunk command.
Madoko onse awiri a switch yachiwiri ali mu auto state, ndiye kuti, pakudumphira ndi masiwichi oyandikana nawo, madoko awo ayenera kukhala mu thunthu kapena zofunika, chifukwa pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri yokha yokhazikitsira thunthu. Pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo, mutha kusintha ma doko osinthira nthawi zonse kuti mukonzekere thunthu pakati pawo. Ichi ndiye tanthauzo la kugwiritsa ntchito dynamic trunking protocol DTP.
Tiyeni tiyambe kuyang'ana VLAN trunking protocol, kapena VTP. Protocol iyi imatsimikizira kulumikizana kwa ma database a VLAN a zida zosiyanasiyana zapaintaneti, ndikusintha nkhokwe yosinthidwa ya VLAN kuchokera ku chipangizo chimodzi kupita ku china. Tiyeni tibwerere kudera lathu la ma switch atatu. VTP imatha kugwira ntchito mumitundu itatu: seva, kasitomala komanso mowonekera. VTP v3 ili ndi njira ina yotchedwa Off, koma mayeso a Cisco amangotengera mitundu ya VTP 3 ndi 3 yokha.
Makina a seva amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma VLAN atsopano, kufufuta kapena kusintha maukonde kudzera pamzere wosinthira. Munjira yamakasitomala, palibe ntchito zomwe zingachitike pa VLAN mwanjira iyi, ndi database ya VLAN yokha yomwe imasinthidwa kuchokera pa seva. Mawonekedwe owonekera amakhala ngati VTP protocol yayimitsidwa, ndiye kuti, kusinthaku sikutulutsa mauthenga ake a VTP, koma kumatumiza zosintha kuchokera ku masinthidwe ena - ngati zosintha zikafika pa imodzi mwama doko osinthira, zimadutsa zokha ndikutumiza. imapitilira pa netiweki kudzera padoko lina. M'mawonekedwe owonekera, chosinthiracho chimangogwira ntchito ngati chotumizira mauthenga a anthu ena popanda kukonzanso database yake ya VLAN.
Pa slide iyi mukuwona malamulo a kasinthidwe a protocol a VTP omwe alowetsedwa mumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi. Lamulo loyamba litha kusintha mtundu wa protocol womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Lamulo lachiwiri limasankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito VTP.
Ngati mukufuna kupanga dera la VTP, gwiritsani ntchito vtp domain <domain name> lamulo, ndikuyika mawu achinsinsi a VTP muyenera kulowa vtp password <PASSWORD> lamulo. Tiyeni tipite ku cholumikizira cha CLI chosinthira koyamba ndikuwona mawonekedwe a VTP polowetsa chiwonetsero cha vtp status command.
Mukuwona mtundu wa protocol wa VTP ndi wachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa ma VLAN othandizidwa ndi 255, kuchuluka kwa ma VLAN omwe alipo ndi 5, ndipo mawonekedwe a VLAN ndi seva. Izi ndi zosintha zonse zokhazikika. Tinakambirana kale za VTP mu phunziro la Tsiku la 30, kotero ngati mwaiwala kalikonse, mukhoza kubwerera ndikuwoneranso kanemayo.
Kuti muwone nkhokwe ya VLAN, ndimapereka chiwonetsero chachidule cha vlan. VLAN1 ndi VLAN1002-1005 zikuwonetsedwa apa. Mwachikhazikitso, zolumikizira zonse zaulere zosinthira zimalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yoyamba - 23 Fast Ethernet madoko ndi 2 Gigabit Ethernet madoko, ma VLAN 4 otsala samathandizidwa. Zosungira za VLAN za masiwichi ena awiriwa zimawoneka chimodzimodzi, kupatula kuti SW1 ilibe 23, koma madoko 22 a Fast Ethernet aulere a VLAN, popeza f0/1 ndi f0/2 amakhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseninso zomwe zidakambidwa mu phunziro la "Tsiku 30" - protocol ya VTP imangothandizira kukonzanso nkhokwe za VLAN.
Ngati ndikonza madoko angapo kuti agwiritse ntchito ma VLAN okhala ndi switchport access ndi switchport mode kupeza malamulo a VLAN10, VLAN20, kapena VLAN30, masinthidwe a madoko amenewo sangatsatidwe ndi VTP chifukwa VTP imangosintha nkhokwe ya VLAN.
Chifukwa chake, ngati imodzi mwamadoko a SW1 idakonzedwa kuti igwire ntchito ndi VLAN20, koma netiweki iyi siili mu database ya VLAN, doko lizimitsidwa. Zotsatira zake, zosintha za database zimachitika pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito protocol ya VTP.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha vtp status command, ndikuwona kuti masiwichi onse atatu tsopano ali mu seva. Ndisintha chosinthira chapakati SW3 kukhala chowonekera ndi vtp mode transparent command, ndi switch yachitatu SW1 kukhala kasitomala wotsatira ndi vtp mode kasitomala lamulo.
Tsopano tiyeni tibwerere ku switch yoyamba SW0 ndikupanga domain ya nwking.org pogwiritsa ntchito vtp domain <domain name> command. Ngati tsopano muyang'ana pa VTP chikhalidwe cha chosinthira chachiwiri, chomwe chili mu mawonekedwe owonekera, mukhoza kuona kuti sichinachite mwanjira iliyonse pakupanga dera - gawo la VTP Domain Name linakhalabe lopanda kanthu. Komabe, chosinthira chachitatu, chomwe chili mumayendedwe a kasitomala, chinasintha nkhokwe yake ndipo tsopano ili ndi dzina loti VTP-nwking.org. Chifukwa chake, kusinthidwa kwa database ya switch SW0 idadutsa SW1 ndipo idawonetsedwa mu SW2.
Tsopano ndiyesera kusintha dzina lachidziwitso, lomwe ndipita ku zoikamo za SW0 ndikulemba vtp domain NetworKing lamulo. Monga mukuwonera, nthawi ino panalibe zosintha - dzina la VTP pa switch yachitatu idakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kusinthidwa kwa dzina lamtunduwu kumachitika kamodzi kokha, pomwe malo osasinthika amasintha. Ngati izi zitachitika dzina la domain la VTP lisinthanso, liyenera kusinthidwa pamanja pazosintha zotsala.
Tsopano ndipanga netiweki yatsopano ya VLAN100 mu cholembera cha CLI chosinthira choyamba ndikuchitcha kuti IMRAN. Idawonekera mu nkhokwe ya VLAN yosinthira koyamba, koma sinawonekere mu database ya switch yachitatu, chifukwa awa ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Kumbukirani kuti kukonzanso nkhokwe ya VLAN kumachitika kokha ngati masinthidwe onse ali ndi dera lomwelo, kapena, monga ndasonyezera poyamba, dzina lachidziwitso chatsopano limayikidwa m'malo mwa dzina lokhazikika.
Ndimalowa muzosintha za 3 ndikulowetsamo vtp mode ndi vtp domain NetworKing malamulo. Chonde dziwani kuti dzina lolemba ndizovuta kwambiri, kotero kalembedwe ka dzina la domain kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi masiwichi onse awiri. Tsopano ndikubwezeretsanso SW2 mumayendedwe a kasitomala pogwiritsa ntchito vtp mode kasitomala lamulo. Tiyeni tione zimene zimachitika. Monga mukuwonera, tsopano, ngati dzina la domain likugwirizana, database ya SW2 yasinthidwa ndipo netiweki yatsopano ya VLAN100 IMRAN yawonekera, ndipo zosinthazi zilibe mphamvu pakusintha kwapakati, chifukwa ili munjira yowonekera.
Ngati mukufuna kudziteteza ku mwayi wosaloledwa, mutha kupanga mawu achinsinsi a VTP. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutsimikiza kuti chipangizo cha mbali inayo chidzakhala ndi mawu achinsinsi chimodzimodzi, chifukwa pokha pamene adzatha kuvomereza zosintha VTP.
Chotsatira chomwe tiwona ndikudulira kwa VTP, kapena "kudulira" kwa ma VLAN osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati muli ndi zida 100 pa netiweki yanu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito VTP, zosintha za VLAN pachipangizo chimodzi zimangofanana ndi zida zina 99. Komabe, sizinthu zonsezi zomwe zili ndi VLAN zomwe zatchulidwa muzosintha, kotero kuti zambiri za izo sizingafunike.
Kutumiza zosintha za database ya VLAN kuzipangizo zogwiritsa ntchito VTP kumatanthauza kuti madoko onse pazida zonse alandila zidziwitso zokhuza ma VLAN owonjezeredwa, ochotsedwa, ndi osinthidwa omwe mwina alibe chochita nawo. Nthawi yomweyo, maukonde amakhala odzaza ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto. Kuti izi zisachitike, lingaliro la VTP yochepetsera limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti mutsegule "kudulira" kwa ma VLAN osafunikira pa switch, gwiritsani ntchito vtp kudulira lamulo. Zosinthazi zimangouzana ma VLAN omwe akugwiritsa ntchito, pochenjeza oyandikana nawo kuti safunika kutumiza zosintha kumanetiweki omwe sanagwirizane nawo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati SW2 ilibe madoko a VLAN10, ndiye kuti sifunika SW1 kuti itumize traffic pa netiwekiyo. Nthawi yomweyo, sinthani SW1 ikufunika magalimoto a VLAN10 chifukwa amodzi mwamadoko ake olumikizidwa ndi netiweki iyi, sizifunika kutumiza magalimotowa kuti asinthe SW2.
Chifukwa chake ngati SW2 ikugwiritsa ntchito vtp kudulira, imauza SW1 kuti: "chonde musanditumizire magalimoto a VLAN10 chifukwa netiweki iyi sinalumikizidwe ndi ine ndipo palibe madoko anga omwe adakonzedwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi netiweki iyi." Izi ndi zomwe kugwiritsa ntchito vtp pruning command kumachita.
Palinso njira ina zosefera magalimoto kwa mawonekedwe enieni. Zimakupatsani mwayi wokonza doko pa thunthu ndi VLAN yeniyeni. Choyipa cha njirayi ndikufunika kukonza pamanja doko lililonse la thunthu, lomwe liyenera kufotokozedwa ma VLAN omwe amaloledwa komanso oletsedwa. Kuti tichite izi, ndondomeko ya malamulo 3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Yoyamba ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe okhudzidwa ndi zoletsa izi, yachiwiri imatembenuza mawonekedwewa kukhala doko la thunthu, ndipo yachitatu - thunthu la switchport lololedwa vlan <onse/none/add/remove/VLAN number> - likuwonetsa VLAN yomwe imaloledwa padoko ili: onse, palibe, VLAN kuwonjezeredwa kapena VLAN kuti zichotsedwa.
Kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, mumasankha zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito: kudulira kwa VTP kapena Thunthu lololedwa. Mabungwe ena sakonda kugwiritsa ntchito VTP pazifukwa zachitetezo, chifukwa chake amasankha kukonza trunking pamanja. Popeza vtp kudulira lamulo silikugwira ntchito mu Packet Tracer, ndikuwonetsa mu emulator ya GNS3.
Mukapita ku zoikamo za SW2 ndikulowetsa vtp kudulira lamulo, makinawo adzanena nthawi yomweyo kuti njira iyi yayatsidwa: Kudulira kumayatsidwa, ndiye kuti, "kudulira" kwa VLAN kumayatsidwa ndi lamulo limodzi lokha.
Ngati tilemba chiwonetsero cha vtp status command, tiwona kuti vtp pruning mode yayatsidwa.
Ngati mukukhazikitsa mawonekedwe awa pa seva yosinthira, ndiye pitani pazokonda zake ndikulowetsa vtp pruning command. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zolumikizidwa ndi seva zitha kugwiritsa ntchito vtp kudulira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a VLAN osafunikira.
Ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, muyenera kulowa mu mawonekedwe enaake, mwachitsanzo e0/0, ndiyeno perekani thunthu la switchport lololedwa vlan. Dongosololi likupatsani malingaliro pazomwe zingatheke palamulo ili:
- MAWU - Nambala ya VLAN yomwe idzaloledwe pa mawonekedwe awa mumayendedwe athunthu;
- onjezani - VLAN kuti ionjezedwe pamndandanda wankhokwe wa VLAN;
- zonse - kulola ma VLAN onse;
- kupatula - kulola ma VLAN onse kupatula omwe atchulidwa;
- palibe-kuletsa ma VLAN onse;
- chotsani - chotsani VLAN pamndandanda wankhokwe wa VLAN.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati tili ndi thunthu amaloledwa VLAN10 ndipo tikufuna kulola kuti VLAN20 maukonde, ndiye tiyenera kulowa switchport thunthu analola vlan kuwonjezera 20 lamulo.
Ndikufuna kukuwonetsani china chake, kotero ndimagwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero chazithunzi cholamula. Chonde dziwani kuti mwachisawawa ma VLAN onse 1-1005 adaloledwa ku thunthu, ndipo tsopano VLAN10 yawonjezedwa kwa iwo.
Ngati ndigwiritsa ntchito thunthu la switchport lololedwa vlan yonjezerani lamulo la 20 ndikufunsanso kuti ndiwonetse thunthu, titha kuwona kuti thunthu lili ndi maukonde awiri ololedwa - VLAN10 ndi VLAN20.
Pankhaniyi, palibe magalimoto ena, kupatula omwe amapangidwira ma netiweki omwe atchulidwa, azitha kudutsa thunthu ili. Polola kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa VLAN 10 ndi VLAN 20, tinakana kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pama VLAN ena onse. Umu ndi momwe mungakonzere pamanja zoikamo trunking kwa VLAN yeniyeni pa mawonekedwe osinthira.
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