Lero tiwona magwiridwe antchito a Layer 2 EtherChannel channel aggregation protocol for layer 2 ya OSI model. Protocol iyi siyosiyana kwambiri ndi protocol ya Layer 3, koma tisanadumphire mu Layer 3 EtherChannel, ndiyenera kufotokozera mfundo zingapo kuti tidzafike ku Layer 1.5 kenako. Tikupitiriza kutsatira ndondomeko ya maphunziro a CCNA, kotero lero tiphunzira gawo 2, Kukonzekera, Kuyesa, ndi Kuthetsa Mavuto 3/1.5 EtherChannel, ndi magawo 1.5a, Static EtherChannel, 1.5b, PAGP, ndi XNUMXc, IEEE -LACP Open Standard. .
Tisanapite patsogolo, tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti EtherChannel ndi chiyani. Tiyerekeze kuti tasintha A ndikusintha B molumikizananso ndi mizere itatu yolumikizirana. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito STP, mizere iwiri yowonjezera idzatsekedwa bwino kuti mupewe malupu.
Tinene kuti tili ndi madoko a FastEthernet omwe amapereka magalimoto a 100 Mbps, kotero kutulutsa konse ndi 3 x 100 = 300 Mbps. Timasiya njira imodzi yokha yolankhulirana, chifukwa chake idzatsika mpaka 100 Mbit / s, ndiye kuti, pamenepa, STP idzakulitsa makhalidwe a intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, 2 njira zowonjezera zidzakhala zopanda ntchito.
Pofuna kupewa izi, KALPANA, kampani yomwe inapanga kusintha kwa Cisco Catalist ndipo kenako inagulidwa ndi Cisco, inapanga teknoloji yotchedwa EtherChannel m'ma 1990.
Kwa ife, lusoli limasintha njira zitatu zoyankhulirana zosiyana kukhala njira imodzi yomveka yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 300 Mbit / s.
Njira yoyamba yaukadaulo wa EtherChannel ndi manual, kapena static mode. Pankhaniyi, masiwichi sangachite chilichonse pansi pamikhalidwe yopatsirana, kudalira kuti zosintha zonse zamagawo ogwiritsira ntchito zidapangidwa molondola. Njirayi imangoyatsa ndikugwira ntchito, kudalira kwathunthu zoikamo za woyang'anira netiweki.
Wachiwiri mode ndi mwini Cisco PAGP ulalo ulalo protocol, lachitatu ndi IEEE muyezo LACP ulalo ulalo protocol.
Kuti mitundu iyi igwire ntchito, EtherChannel iyenera kupezeka. Mtundu wosasunthika wa protocol iyi ndiwosavuta kuyiyambitsa: muyenera kupita ku zosintha zakusintha ndikulowetsa lamulo la gulu la 1.
Ngati tili ndi chosinthira A chokhala ndi mawonekedwe awiri f0/1 ndi f0/2, tiyenera kupita ku zoikamo za doko lililonse ndikulowetsa lamulo ili, ndipo nambala ya gulu la EtherChannel ikhoza kukhala ndi mtengo kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 6, chinthu chachikulu ndichoti. mtengo uwu ndi wofanana pamadoko onse a switch. Kuphatikiza apo, madoko ayenera kugwira ntchito m'njira zomwezo: onse mumayendedwe ofikira kapena onse mumtundu wa thunthu ndikukhala ndi VLAN yofanana kapena VLAN yololedwa.
Kuphatikizika kwa EtherChannel kudzangogwira ntchito ngati gulu la mayendedwe limakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Tiyeni tilumikizane ndi switch A ndi mizere iwiri yolumikizirana kuti musinthe B, yomwe ilinso ndi zolumikizira ziwiri f0/1 ndi f0/2. Ma interface awa amapanga gulu lawo. Mukhoza kuwakonza kuti azigwira ntchito mu EtherChannel pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lomwelo, ndipo nambala ya gulu ilibe kanthu, popeza ili pa chosinthira chapafupi. Mutha kusankha gulu ili ngati nambala 1, ndipo zonse ziyenda. Komabe, kumbukirani - kuti njira zonse ziwiri zigwire ntchito popanda mavuto, zolumikizira zonse ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa chimodzimodzi, kumachitidwe omwewo - kupeza kapena thunthu. Mutatha kulowa muzokonda zonse za kusintha kwa A ndi kusintha B ndikulowetsa njira ya gulu 1 pa lamulo, kuphatikiza kwa njira za EtherChannel zidzatsirizidwa.
Mawonekedwe onse akuthupi a switch iliyonse azigwira ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amodzi omveka. Ngati tiyang'ana pa magawo a STP, tidzawona kuti kusinthana A kudzawonetsa mawonekedwe amodzi, opangidwa kuchokera ku madoko awiri akuthupi.
Tiyeni tipitirire ku PAGP, protocol yophatikiza madoko yopangidwa ndi Cisco.
Tiyeni tiyerekeze chithunzi chomwecho - masiwichi awiri A ndi B, iliyonse ili ndi zolumikizira f0/1 ndi f0/2, zolumikizidwa ndi mizere iwiri yolumikizirana. Kuti mutsegule PAGP, gwiritsani ntchito njira yofanana ya gulu 1 yokhala ndi magawo . M'mawonekedwe a static, mumangolowetsamo njira ya gulu 1 pa lamulo pamawonekedwe onse, ndikuphatikizana kumayamba kugwira ntchito; apa muyenera kufotokoza zofunika kapena zoyendetsa galimoto. Ngati mulowetsa lamulo lamtundu wa tchanelo 1 ndi chizindikiro cha ?
Ngati mulowetsamo njira ya 1 njira yofunikira pamakona onse a mzere wolumikizirana, mawonekedwe a EtherChannel adzatsegulidwa. Zomwezo zidzachitikanso ngati kumapeto kwa tchanelo njira zolumikizirana zidakonzedwa ndi njira yofunikira ya gulu 1, ndipo kumapeto kwina ndi lamulo la auto-group 1.
Komabe, ngati zolumikizirana pamalekezero onse a maulalo asinthidwa kukhala auto ndi gulu-gulu 1 mode auto command, kuphatikiza ulalo sikudzachitika. Chifukwa chake, kumbukirani - ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito EtherChannel pa protocol ya PAGP, zolumikizira za maphwando osachepera amodzi ziyenera kukhala mumkhalidwe wofunikira.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito protocol yotseguka ya LACP pakuphatikiza njira, njira yomweyo ya gulu 1 yokhala ndi magawo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. .
Kuphatikizika kothekera kwa makonda kumbali zonse ziwiri za njira ndi motere: ngati zolumikizira zimakonzedwa kuti zikhale zogwira ntchito kapena mbali imodzi kuti ikhale yogwira ndipo ina kuti ikhale yopanda pake, njira ya EtherChannel idzagwira ntchito; ngati magulu onse awiriwa asinthidwa kuti azikhala osasunthika, njira. kusonkhanitsa sikudzachitika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuti mukonzekere kuphatikizika kwa njira pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya LACP, gulu limodzi mwamawonekedwe liyenera kukhala lomwe likugwira ntchito.
Tiyeni tiyese kuyankha funsoli: ngati tili ndi masiwichi A ndi B olumikizidwa ndi mizere yolumikizirana, ndipo mawonekedwe a switch imodzi ali mumkhalidwe wokangalika, ndipo winayo ali pamagalimoto kapena ofunikira, kodi EtherChannel idzagwira ntchito?
Ayi, sizingatero, chifukwa netiweki iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo - PAGP kapena LACP, chifukwa sizigwirizana.
Tiyeni tiwone malamulo angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga EtherChannel. Choyamba, muyenera kupatsa gulu nambala, ikhoza kukhala chilichonse. Panjira yoyamba yolamula-gulu 1, mutha kusankha magawo 5 ngati njira: pa, zofunika, auto, passive kapena yogwira.
M'ma subcommand ang'onoang'ono timagwiritsa ntchito mawu ofunikira a gulu, koma ngati, mwachitsanzo, mukufuna kufotokoza kusinthasintha kwa katundu, mawu akuti port-channel amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe kulinganiza katundu ndi.
Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi kusinthana A ndi madoko awiri, amene olumikizidwa ku madoko lolingana lophimba B. Makompyuta atatu olumikizidwa kusinthana B - 3, ndi kompyuta imodzi No. 1,2,3 chikugwirizana kusinthana A.
Magalimoto akachoka pakompyuta #4 kupita pakompyuta #1, sinthani A ayamba kutumiza mapaketi pamaulalo onse awiri. Njira yosinthira katundu imagwiritsa ntchito hashing ya adilesi ya MAC ya wotumiza kuti magalimoto onse kuchokera pakompyuta yachinayi aziyenda kudzera m'modzi mwa maulalo awiriwo. Ngati tigwirizanitsa kompyuta Nambala 5 kuti tisinthe A, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa katundu, magalimoto a makompyutawa amangoyenda pamzere umodzi wochepa wolankhulana.
Komabe, izi sizowoneka bwino. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi intaneti yamtambo ndi chipangizo chomwe chosinthira A chokhala ndi makompyuta atatu chimalumikizidwa. Magalimoto a pa intaneti adzalunjikitsidwa ku switch ndi adilesi ya MAC ya chipangizochi, ndiye kuti, ndi adilesi ya doko linalake, chifukwa chipangizochi ndi chipata. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto onse otuluka adzakhala ndi adilesi ya MAC ya chipangizochi.
Ngati kutsogolo kwa lophimba A tiika lophimba B, olumikizidwa kwa izo ndi mizere kulankhulana atatu, ndiye magalimoto onse lophimba B mu malangizo a lophimba A adzayenda limodzi mwa mizere, amene sagwirizana ndi zolinga zathu. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kukhazikitsa magawo ofananirako pa switch iyi.
Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito port-channel load-balance command, pomwe adilesi ya IP imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosankha. Ngati iyi ndi adiresi ya kompyuta No. 1, magalimoto adzayenda pamzere woyamba, ngati No.
Kuti muchite izi, lamuloli limagwiritsa ntchito mawu ofunikira a port-channel mumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi.
Ngati mukufuna kuwona maulalo ati omwe akukhudzidwa ndi njirayo ndi ma protocol omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mwamwayi muyenera kulowa lamulo lachidule la etherchannel. Mutha kuwona zosintha zolemetsa pogwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha etherchannel load-balance command.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zonsezi mu pulogalamu ya Packet Tracer. Tili ndi masiwichi 2 olumikizidwa ndi maulalo awiri. STP iyamba kugwira ntchito ndipo imodzi mwa madoko a 4 idzatsekedwa.
Tiyeni tipite ku zoikamo za SW0 ndikulowetsa lamulo lachiwonetsero chamitengo. Tikuwona kuti STP ikugwira ntchito ndipo titha kuyang'ana ID ya Muzu ndi ID ya Bridge. Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lomwelo pakusintha kwachiwiri, tiwona kuti chosinthira choyamba SW0 ndiye muzu, popeza, mosiyana ndi SW1, zizindikiritso zake za Root ndi Bridge ndizofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, pali uthenga pano kuti SW0 ndiye muzu - "Mlatho uwu ndiye muzu".
Madoko onse awiri a switch switch ali mu Chigawo Chosankhidwa, doko lotsekedwa la switch yachiwiri imasankhidwa ngati Njira, ndipo yachiwiri imasankhidwa ngati doko la mizu. Mutha kuwona momwe STP imagwirira ntchito zonse zofunikira mosalakwitsa, ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana.
Tiyeni tiyambitse protocol ya PAGP; kuti tichite izi, muzokonda za SW0, timalowetsa motsatizana malamulo int f0/1 ndi njira ya gulu 1 ndi imodzi mwa magawo 5, ndimagwiritsa ntchito zofunika.
Mutha kuwona kuti protocol ya mzere idayimitsidwa koyamba ndikuthandizidwanso, ndiye kuti, zosintha zidayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo mawonekedwe a Port-channel 1 adapangidwa.
Tsopano tiyeni tipite ku mawonekedwe a f0/2 ndikulowetsa njira yofanana ya gulu 1 yofunikira.
Mutha kuwona kuti tsopano madoko a ulalo wapamwamba amawonetsedwa ndi cholembera chobiriwira, ndipo madoko a ulalo wapansi amawonetsedwa ndi cholembera cha lalanje. Pankhaniyi, sipangakhale njira yosakanikirana yofunikira - madoko agalimoto, chifukwa mawonekedwe onse a switch imodzi ayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo lomwelo. Njira yamagalimoto imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakusintha kwachiwiri, koma koyamba, madoko onse ayenera kugwira ntchito mwanjira yomweyo, pakadali pano ndikofunikira.
Tiyeni tilowe muzokonda za SW1 ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya f0/1-2, kuti tisalowetse malamulo pawokha pagawo lililonse, koma kukonza zonse ndi lamulo limodzi.
Ndimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya gulu la 2, koma nditha kugwiritsa ntchito nambala iliyonse kuyambira 1 mpaka 6 kuti ndiwonetse gulu la mawonekedwe a switch yachiwiri. Popeza mbali ina ya tchanelo imakonzedwa mwanjira yoyenera, zolumikizira za switch iyi ziyenera kukhala zofunidwa kapena zamagalimoto. Ndimasankha gawo loyamba, lembani njira ya gulu 2 yofunikira ndikusindikiza Enter.
Tikuwona uthenga woti mawonekedwe a tchanelo Port-channel 2 apangidwa, ndipo madoko f0/1 ndi f0/2 asuntha motsatizana kuchokera pansi kupita kumtunda. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi uthenga woti mawonekedwe a Port-channel 2 asintha kupita kumtunda komanso kuti ndondomeko ya mzere wa mawonekedwewa yatsegulanso. Tsopano tapanga EtherChannel yophatikizika.
Mutha kutsimikizira izi popita ku zoikamo za switch ya SW0 ndikulowetsa lamulo lachidule la chiwonetsero cha etherchannel. Mutha kuwona mbendera zosiyanasiyana zomwe tidzayang'ane pambuyo pake, ndiyeno gulu la 1 pogwiritsa ntchito njira 1, kuchuluka kwa ophatikiza nawonso ndi 1. Po1 amatanthauza PortChannel 1, ndipo dzina (SU) limayimira S - wosanjikiza 2 mbendera, U - ntchito. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa protocol ya PAGP yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso madoko akuthupi amaphatikizidwa munjira - Fa0/1 (P) ndi Fa0/2 (P), pomwe mbendera ya P ikuwonetsa kuti madoko awa ndi gawo la PortChannel.
Ndimagwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwewo pakusintha kwachiwiri, ndipo zenera la CLI likuwonetsa zambiri za SW1.
Ndikulowetsa lamulo la mtengo wamtengo wapatali pamakonzedwe a SW1, ndipo mukhoza kuona kuti PortChannel 2 ndi mawonekedwe amodzi omveka, ndipo mtengo wake poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa madoko awiri osiyana 19 watsika kufika pa 9.
Tichitenso chimodzimodzi ndi switch yoyamba. Mukuwona kuti magawo a Root sanasinthe, koma tsopano pakati pa zosintha ziwirizi, m'malo mwa maulalo awiri akuthupi, pali mawonekedwe amodzi omveka Po1-Po2.
Tiyeni tiyese kusintha PAGP ndi LACP. Kuti ndichite izi, muzokonda zosinthira koyamba ndimagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya int f0/1-2. Ngati ndipereka lamulo logwira ntchito la channel-group1 kuti muyambitse LACP, idzakanidwa chifukwa madoko a Fa0/1 ndi Fa0/2 ali kale mbali ya njira yogwiritsira ntchito protocol ina.
Chifukwa chake, ndiyenera kuyika kaye lamulo loti palibe njira ya gulu 1 yogwira ntchito kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yolamula-group1 yogwira. Tichitenso chimodzimodzi ndi chosinthira chachiwiri, choyamba kulowa lamulo palibe njira-gulu 2, ndiyeno njira ya gulu 2 yogwira ntchito. Mukayang'ana mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, mutha kuwona kuti Po2 yayatsidwanso, koma ikadali mu PAGP protocol mode. Izi sizowona, chifukwa panopa tili ndi LACP, ndipo pakadali pano magawo akuwonetsedwa molakwika ndi pulogalamu ya Packet Tracer.
Kuti ndithetse kusiyana kumeneku, ndimagwiritsa ntchito njira yosakhalitsa - kupanga PortChannel ina. Kuti ndichite izi, ndimalemba malamulo int range f0/1-2 ndipo palibe channel-group 2, ndiyeno njira ya command-group 2 yogwira ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimakhudzira switch yoyamba. Ndikulowetsa lamulo lachidule la etherchannel ndikuwona kuti Po1 ikuwonetsedwanso ngati ikugwiritsa ntchito PAGP. Ili ndi vuto pakuyerekeza kwa Packet Tracer chifukwa PortChannel ndiyoyimitsidwa pano ndipo sitiyenera kukhala ndi tchanelo nkomwe.
Ndibwerera pawindo la CLI la kusintha kwachiwiri ndikulowetsa lamulo lachidule la etherchannel. Tsopano Po2 ikuwonetsedwa ndi index (SD), pomwe D amatanthauza pansi, ndiye kuti, njirayo sikugwira ntchito. Mwaukadaulo, PortChannel ilipo pano, koma siyogwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa palibe doko lomwe limalumikizidwa nayo.
Ndimalowetsa malamulo int range f0/1-2 ndipo palibe gulu-gulu 1 muzokonda zosinthira koyamba, kenako ndikupanga gulu latsopano, nthawi ino nambala 2, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya gulu 2 yogwira ntchito. Kenako ndimachita zomwezo pakusintha kwachiwiri, pokhapokha gulu la tchanelo likupeza nambala 1.
Tsopano gulu latsopano, Port Channel 2, lapangidwa pa switch yoyamba, ndipo Port Channel 1 pa chachiwiri. Ndinangosintha mayina a magulu. Monga mukuonera, mwaukadaulo ndinapanga Port Channel yatsopano pa switch yachiwiri, ndipo tsopano ikuwonetsedwa ndi gawo lolondola - mutalowa muwonetsero wachidule wa etherchannel, tikuwona kuti Po1 (SU) ikugwiritsa ntchito LACP.
Tikuwona chithunzi chomwecho pawindo la CLI la switch SW0 - gulu latsopano la Po2 (SU) limagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi LACP.
Ganizirani kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe omwe akugwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe omwe amakhala nthawi zonse. Ndipanga gulu latsopano la tchanelo losinthira SW0 ndi malamulo int range f0/1-2 ndi ma channel-group 3 mode. Izi zisanachitike, muyenera kufufuta magulu 1 ndi 2 pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lopanda tchanelo 1 komanso palibe malamulo a gulu 2, apo ayi, mukayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya gulu 3 polamula, dongosololi liwonetsa uthenga wonena kuti. mawonekedwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kuti agwire ntchito ndi protocol ina.
Timachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi chosinthira chachiwiri - chotsani tchanelo 1 ndi 2 ndikupanga gulu 3 ndikuwongolera njira ya gulu 3. Tsopano tiyeni tipite kuzikhazikiko za SW0 ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachidule la chiwonetsero cha etherchannel. Mudzawona kuti njira yatsopano ya Po3 yayamba kale kugwira ntchito ndipo sikufunika kuchitapo kanthu koyambirira ngati PAGP kapena LACP.
Imayatsa nthawi yomweyo, popanda kulepheretsa kenako ndikuyambitsa madoko. Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lomwelo la SW1, tidzawona kuti pano Po3 sagwiritsa ntchito protocol iliyonse, ndiko kuti, tapanga static EtherChannel.
Cisco imati kuti maukonde akhale ambiri, tiyenera kuiwala za PAGP ndi kugwiritsa ntchito static EtherChannel ngati njira yodalirika yolumikizira ulalo.
Kodi timapanga bwanji load balancing? Ndibwerera pawindo la SW0 losinthira CLI ndikulowetsa lamulo la etherchannel load-balance command. Mutha kuwona kuti kusanja kwa katundu kumachitika kutengera adilesi ya MAC yochokera.
Nthawi zambiri kusanja kumagwiritsa ntchito gawoli, koma nthawi zina sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe tikufuna. Ngati tikufuna kusintha njira yofananira iyi, tifunika kulowa mumayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndikulowetsa lamulo la port-channel load-balance command, pambuyo pake dongosololi lidzawonetsa zomwe zikufunika ndi magawo omwe angachitike pa lamuloli.
Ngati mungatchule doko-channel load-balance src-mac parameter, ndiko kuti, tchulani magwero a MAC adilesi, ntchito ya hashing idzayatsidwa, yomwe idzasonyeze kuti ndi madoko ati omwe ali mbali ya EtherChannel yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. magalimoto opita patsogolo. Nthawi iliyonse magwero adilesi ali ofanana, dongosololi lidzagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe enieniwo kutumiza magalimoto.
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