Tili ndi ma Postgres pamenepo, koma sindikudziwa choti ndichite nawo (c)

Awa ndi mawu ochokera kwa m'modzi mwa anzanga omwe nthawi ina adandifunsa funso lokhudza Postgres. Kenako tinathetsa vuto lake m’masiku angapo ndipo, pondithokoza, anawonjezera kuti: “Ndi bwino kukhala ndi DBA yodziwika bwino.”

Koma choti muchite ngati simukudziwa DBA? Pakhoza kukhala mayankho ambiri, kuyambira kufunafuna mabwenzi pakati pa abwenzi mpaka kuphunzira funsolo nokha. Koma yankho lililonse lomwe limabwera m'maganizo mwanu, ndili ndi uthenga wabwino kwa inu. Poyesa mayeso, tidayambitsa ntchito yolimbikitsa Postgres ndi chilichonse chozungulira. Kodi ichi ndi chiyani ndipo tinakhala bwanji motere?

Kodi mungatani?

Postgres sizovuta, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kukhudzidwa ndi udindo.

Omwe amagwira ntchito akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti Postgres ngati ntchito ikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso mokhazikika - kuyang'anira kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, kupezeka, kukwanira kwa kasinthidwe, nthawi ndi nthawi kuchita zosintha ndikuwunika pafupipafupi zaumoyo. Omwe akupanga ndikulemba mapulogalamu, makamaka, ayenera kuyang'anira momwe pulogalamuyo imagwirira ntchito ndi nkhokwe komanso kuti sizipanga zochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zingagwetse nkhokwe. Ngati munthu alibe mwayi wokhala mtsogoleri waukadaulo /ukadaulo, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kwa iye kuti Postgres yonse igwire ntchito modalirika, yodziwikiratu komanso siyimayambitsa mavuto, pomwe ndikofunikira kuti asadumphire mozama mu Postgres kwa nthawi yayitali. .

Muzochitika zonsezi, pali inu ndi Postgres. Kuti mutumikire Postgres bwino, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino ndikumvetsetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito. Ngati Postgres siukadaulo wachindunji, ndiye kuti mutha kuthera nthawi yochuluka mukuiphunzira. Momwemo, pakakhala nthawi ndi chikhumbo, sizidziwika nthawi zonse komwe mungayambire, momwe ndi komwe mungasunthire.

Ngakhale kuyang'anira kuyambika, komwe kumayenera kuthandizira kugwira ntchito, nkhani ya chidziwitso cha akatswiri imakhalabe yotseguka. Kuti muthe kuwerenga ndikumvetsetsa ma graph, muyenerabe kumvetsetsa momwe Postgres imagwirira ntchito. Kupanda kutero, kuwunika kulikonse kumasintha kukhala zithunzi zachisoni komanso sipamu kuchokera pazochenjeza nthawi mwachisawawa patsiku.

Zida adangopanga kuti Postgres ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Ntchitoyi imasonkhanitsa ndikusanthula zambiri za Postgres ndikupanga malingaliro pazomwe zingawongoleredwe.

Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchitoyi ndikupereka malingaliro omveka bwino omwe amapereka lingaliro la zomwe zikuchitika komanso zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika.

Kwa akatswiri omwe alibe chidziwitso chaukadaulo, malangizowo amapereka poyambira maphunziro apamwamba. Kwa akatswiri apamwamba, malingaliro amasonyeza mfundo zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Pachifukwa ichi, Zida zimagwira ntchito ngati wothandizira yemwe amachita ntchito zachizolowezi kuti apeze mavuto kapena zofooka zomwe zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Zida zingayerekezedwe ndi linter yomwe imayang'ana Postgres ndikuwonetsa zolakwika.

Zili bwanji tsopano?

Panthawiyi Zida ili mu mayeso ndipo kwaulere, kulembetsa kumakhala kochepa kwakanthawi. Pamodzi ndi anthu angapo odzipereka, tikumaliza kukonza makina omenyera nkhondo pafupi ndi malo omenyera nkhondo, kuzindikira zabwino zabodza ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mwatsimikiza.

Mwa njira, malingalirowo akadali olunjika - amangonena zoyenera kuchita ndi momwe angachitire, popanda zina zowonjezera - kotero poyamba muyenera kutsatira maulalo okhudzana kapena Google izo. Macheke ndi malingaliro amaphimba dongosolo ndi makonzedwe a hardware, makonda a Postgres palokha, schema yamkati, ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palinso zinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa muzokonzekera.

Ndipo, ndithudi, tikuyang'ana anthu odzipereka omwe ali okonzeka kuyesa ntchitoyo ndikupereka ndemanga. Ifenso tatero chidziwitso, mungalowe ndikuyang'ana. Ngati mumvetsetsa kuti mukufunikira izi ndipo mwakonzeka kuyesa, lemberani ku makalata.

Kusinthidwa 2020-09-16. Kuyambapo.

Pambuyo polembetsa, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amafunsidwa kuti apange polojekiti - yomwe imakulolani kuti muphatikize zochitika zamagulu m'magulu. Pambuyo popanga pulojekiti, wogwiritsa ntchito amatsogoleredwa ku malangizo okonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa wothandizira. Mwachidule, muyenera kupanga ogwiritsa ntchito, kenako koperani script yoyika wothandizirayo ndikuyendetsa. M'malamulo a shell akuwoneka motere:

psql -c "CREATE ROLE pgscv WITH LOGIN SUPERUSER PASSWORD 'A7H8Wz6XFMh21pwA'"
export PGSCV_PG_PASSWORD=A7H8Wz6XFMh21pwA
curl -s https://dist.weaponry.io/pgscv/install.sh |sudo -E sh -s - 1 6ada7a04-a798-4415-9427-da23f72c14a5

Ngati wolandirayo ali ndi pgbouncer, ndiye kuti mudzafunikanso kupanga wogwiritsa ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi wothandizirayo. Njira yeniyeni yosinthira wogwiritsa ntchito mu pgbouncer ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri komanso yodalira makonzedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kukhazikitsidwa kumatsika ndikuwonjezera wogwiritsa stats_users configuration file (nthawi zambiri pgbouncer.ini) ndikulemba mawu achinsinsi (kapena hashi) ku fayilo yomwe yafotokozedwa pagawo auth_file. Mukasintha stats_users, muyenera kuyambitsanso pgbouncer.

The install.sh script imatenga mfundo zingapo zofunika zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi polojekiti iliyonse, ndipo kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana imavomereza tsatanetsatane wa ogwiritsa ntchito. Chotsatira, script imayamba wothandizira mu bootstrap mode - wothandizira amadzikopera yekha ku PATH, amapanga config ndi zambiri, unitd unit ndikuyamba ngati ntchito ya systemd.
Izi zimamaliza kuyika. Pakangotha ​​​​mphindi zochepa, mawonekedwe a database adzawonekera pamndandanda wa omwe akukhala nawo pawonekedwe ndipo mutha kuyang'ana kale malingaliro oyamba. Koma chofunikira ndichakuti malingaliro ambiri amafunikira kuchuluka kwa ma metric omwe amasonkhanitsidwa (osachepera patsiku).

Source: www.habr.com