Moni kachiwiri. Poyembekezera kuyamba kwa maphunzirowo Tikugawana nanu kumasulira kwazinthu zina zosangalatsa.
Kudzipatula kwa magulu a chitukuko ndi kukonza ndizomwe zimayambitsa mikangano komanso zolepheretsa. Magulu akamagwira ntchito mu silos, nthawi zozungulira zimawonjezeka ndipo mtengo wabizinesi umachepa. Posachedwapa, otsogola opanga mapulogalamu aphunzira kuthana ndi ma silo kudzera kulumikizana ndi mgwirizano, koma kumanganso magulu ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Momwe mungagwirire ntchito limodzi posintha chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe?
Yankho: magawo a chitukuko cha magulu malinga ndi Tuckman
Mu 1965, katswiri wa zamaganizo Bruce Tuchman za mphamvu za chitukuko cha magulu ang'onoang'ono. Kuti gulu lipange malingaliro atsopano, kuyanjana, kukonzekera ndi kukwaniritsa zotsatira, adatsindika kufunika kwa magawo anayi a chitukuko: mapangidwe, mikangano, chizolowezi ndi ntchito.
Pa siteji kupanga gulu limatanthauzira zolinga ndi zolinga zake. Mamembala amagulu amadalira khalidwe lotetezeka la anthu ndikufotokozera malire awo okhudzana. Pa siteji kukangana (mkuntho) Mamembala amapeza njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito ndikulimbikitsa chikhulupiriro pogawana malingaliro awo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mikangano. Yambani Norming magawo gulu limabwera kudzathetsa kusiyana kwake ndikuyamba kumanga mzimu wamagulu ndi mgwirizano. Mamembala a timu amamvetsetsa kuti ali ndi zolinga zofanana ndipo ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti akwaniritse. Yambani magawo ogwirira ntchito (kuchita) Gululo limakwaniritsa zolinga, limagwira ntchito palokha, ndikuthetsa mikangano palokha. Mamembala amgulu amathandizana wina ndi mnzake ndipo amakhala osinthasintha pa maudindo awo.
Momwe Mungalimbitsire Magulu A Agile
Pamene nkhokwe zichotsedwa, mamembala nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chikhalidwe. Atsogoleri akhazikitse kupanga timu kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chikhalidwe chowononga chisayambike pomwe mamembala sakhulupirirana kapena kuthandizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito magawo anayi a Tuckman pakupanga timu kumatha kupititsa patsogolo machitidwe.
Mapangidwe
Pomanga gulu la agile, ndikofunika kumvetsera mphamvu ndi luso. Mamembala a timu akuyenera kuthandizana popanda kubwerezana, chifukwa gulu lofulumira ndi gulu lomwe limagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana momwe membala aliyense amabweretsa nyonga zake kuti akwaniritse cholinga chimodzi.
Ma silo akachotsedwa, atsogoleri ayenera kutengera chitsanzo ndi kufotokoza makhalidwe omwe akufuna kuwona mu timu. Mamembala amagulu ayang'ana kwa mtsogoleri, monga Scrum Master, kuti awatsogolere ndi kuwatsogolera. Ndizofala kuti mamembala amangoyang'ana pa ntchito yawo, m'malo mowona gulu ngati gawo lomwe likukwaniritsa cholinga. Scrum Master iyenera kuthandiza mamembala a gulu kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa lingaliro kapena sprint, Scrum Master ayenera kusonkhanitsa gululo, kuyang'ana mmbuyo ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zidayenda bwino, zomwe sizinachitike, ndi zomwe zingasinthidwe. Mamembala amagulu amatha kukhazikitsa zolinga pamodzi ndikuthandizira kukulitsa mzimu wamagulu.
Kusamvana
Anthu a mβgulu akangoyamba kuonana ngati gulu, amayamba kufotokoza maganizo awo zomwe zingayambitse mikangano. Anthu amatha kuloza ena mlandu, choncho cholinga chake pa nthawi ino ndi kulimbikitsa kukhulupirirana, kulankhulana, ndi mgwirizano.
Scrum Master ali ndi udindo wothandizira mamembala a gulu kuthetsa mikangano, kuthetsa mikangano, ndi kuphunzitsa ntchito. Ayenera kukhazika mtima pansi, kuthetsa mikangano ndikuthandizira gulu kuti likhale lopindulitsa. Mwa kulemba zisankho, kuyesetsa kuwonekera ndi kuwonekera, ndi kugwirizana pa zothetsera, magulu amatha kupanga chikhalidwe chomwe kuyesera kumalimbikitsidwa ndipo kulephera kumawoneka ngati mwayi wophunzira. Mamembala a gulu ayenerabe kudzimva kukhala osungika ngakhale atakhala ndi maganizo osiyana ndi ena. Cholinga chake chikhale pakuwongolera mosalekeza ndi kupeza mayankho m'malo mokangana.
Matendawa
Kusintha kuchokera ku mikangano kupita ku chikhalidwe kungakhale kovuta kwa magulu ambiri okalamba, koma kusinthako kukachitika, kutsindika kumakhala pa kupatsa mphamvu ndi ntchito yopindulitsa. Ataphunzira kuthetsa mikangano mu gawo lapitalo, gululi limatha kuzindikira kusagwirizana ndikuwona mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Zowonera pambuyo pa sprint iliyonse ziyenera kukhala mwambo. Panthawi yobwereranso, nthawi iyenera kuperekedwa kukonzekera ntchito yabwino. Scrum Master ndi atsogoleri ena ayenera kupereka ndemanga kwa mamembala a gulu, ndipo mamembala a gulu ayenera kupereka ndemanga pazantchito. Panthawi imeneyi ya chitukuko, mamembala amagulu amadziwona ngati gulu lomwe likugwira ntchito kuti likwaniritse zolinga zofanana. Pali kukhulupirirana ndi kulankhulana momasuka. Gulu limagwira ntchito limodzi.
Ntchito
Pakadali pano, gululi liri ndi chidwi komanso likufuna kukulitsa ntchito zake. Tsopano gulu limagwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha ndipo oyang'anira akuyenera kukhala ndi gawo lothandizira ndikuyang'ana pakuphunzira kosalekeza. Pamene magulu akuyesetsa kukonza, amatha kuzindikira zolepheretsa, zolepheretsa kulankhulana, ndi zolepheretsa kupanga zatsopano.
Pakalipano gululo lapangidwa mokwanira komanso lopindulitsa. Mamembala amagulu amagwirira ntchito limodzi ndikulumikizana bwino komanso amakhala ndi chidziwitso komanso masomphenya. Gulu limagwira ntchito bwino ndikuvomereza zosintha.
Pakachitika kusintha kwa magulu kapena kusintha kwa utsogoleri, magulu amatha kukhala osatsimikiza ndikubwereza chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi ku gulu lanu, mutha kuthandizira kukula ndi chitukuko chawo, kuwathandiza kukhalabe ndi njira yokhazikika komanso chikhalidwe.
Monga mwachizolowezi, tikuyembekezera ndemanga zanu ndikukuitanani za maphunziro athu .
Source: www.habr.com