Aliyense amene wasonkhanitsa, kugula, kapena kukhazikitsa wolandila wailesi mwina wamva mawu monga: sensitivity ndi selectivity (kusankha).
Sensitivity - chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa momwe wolandira wanu angalandire chizindikiro ngakhale kumadera akutali.
Ndipo kusankha, kumawonetsa momwe wolandila amatha kuyimbira ma frequency ena popanda kutengera ma frequency ena. "Ma frequency ena" awa, ndiye kuti, omwe sali okhudzana ndi kutumiza kwa siginecha kuchokera pawailesi yosankhidwa, pakadali pano amasewera gawo la kusokoneza wailesi.
Powonjezera mphamvu ya transmitter, timakakamiza olandila omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa kuti alandire chizindikiro chathu zivute zitani. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi kukopana kwa ma siginecha ochokera kumawayilesi osiyanasiyana pa wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimasokoneza kukhazikitsa, kuchepetsa kulumikizana kwa wailesi.
Wi-Fi imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa wailesi ngati sing'anga yotumizira deta. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zambiri zomwe akatswiri opanga mawayilesi ndi akatswiri amawayilesi am'mbuyomu komanso zaka zana zapitazo adazigwiritsa ntchito komaliza zidakali zofunikira lero.
Koma chinachake chasintha. Za kusintha analogi Kuwulutsa kwa digito kunabwera pamawonekedwe, zomwe zidapangitsa kusintha kwamtundu wa siginecha yotumizidwa.
Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zomwe zimakhudza kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma netiweki opanda zingwe a Wi-Fi mkati mwa miyezo ya IEEE 802.11b/g/n.
Zina mwazinthu zama network a Wi-Fi
Pakuwulutsa pawayilesi pawailesi kutali ndi madera ambiri okhala ndi anthu, mukatha kulandira pawailesi yanu ya FM yokhayo komanso "Mayak" pagulu la VHF, nkhani yolimbikitsana simabuka.
Chinanso ndi zida za Wi-Fi zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'magulu awiri okha: 2,4 ndi 5 GHz. M'munsimu muli mavuto angapo omwe muyenera kuthana nawo, ngati simukugonjetsa, ndiye kuti mudziwe momwe mungayendere.
Vuto limodzi - Miyezo yosiyanasiyana imagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Munthawi ya 2.4 GHz, zida zomwe zimathandizira mulingo wa 802.11b/g zimagwira ntchito, ndi ma netiweki a muyezo wa 802.11n; mumtundu wa 5 GHz, zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu 802.11a ndi 802.11n zimagwira ntchito.
Monga mukuwonera, zida za 802.11n zokha zitha kugwira ntchito m'magulu onse a 2.4 GHz ndi 5 GHz. Nthawi zina, tiyenera kuthandizira kuwulutsa m'magulu onse awiri, kapena kuvomereza kuti makasitomala ena sangathe kulumikizana ndi netiweki yathu.
Vuto lachiwiri - Zida za Wi-Fi zomwe zimagwira ntchito pafupi kwambiri zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency omwewo.
Pazida zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito 2,4 GHz frequency band, ma tchanelo 13 opanda zingwe okhala ndi m'lifupi mwake 20 MHz kwa 802.11b/g/n muyezo kapena 40 MHz wa 802.11n mulingo wa 5 MHz amapezeka ndikuvomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku Russia.
Chifukwa chake, chida chilichonse chopanda zingwe (kasitomala kapena malo ofikira) chimapangitsa kusokoneza pamakanema oyandikana nawo. Chinthu china ndi chakuti mphamvu ya transmitter ya chipangizo cha kasitomala, mwachitsanzo, foni yamakono, imakhala yotsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Choncho, m'nkhani yonseyo tidzangolankhula za kukopana kwa mfundo zopezera wina ndi mzake.
Njira yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa makasitomala mwachisawawa, ndi 6. Koma musadzinyenge nokha kuti posankha nambala yoyandikana nayo, tidzachotsa chikoka cha parasitic. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito pa njira 6 imapanga kusokoneza kwakukulu pazitsulo 5 ndi 7 ndi kusokoneza kochepa pa njira 4 ndi 8. Pamene mipata pakati pa njira ikuwonjezeka, mphamvu zawo zonse zimachepa. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kusokonezana, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ma frequency awo onyamulira azikhala motalikirana ndi 25 MHz (manjira 5).
Vuto ndiloti pamakanema onse omwe ali ndi mphamvu pang'ono pa wina ndi mzake, ndi njira zitatu zokha zomwe zilipo: izi ndi 3, 1 ndi 6.
Tiyenera kuyang'ana njira ina yolumikizira zoletsa zomwe zilipo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhudzidwa kwa zida zitha kulipidwa pochepetsa mphamvu.
Za ubwino wodziletsa pa chilichonse
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchepa kwa mphamvu sikuli koyipa nthawi zonse. Komanso, pamene mphamvu ikuwonjezeka, ubwino wa kulandiridwa ukhoza kuwonongeka kwambiri, ndipo izi siziri nkhani ya "zofooka" za malo ofikira. Pansipa tiwona milandu yomwe izi zingakhale zothandiza.
Kutsegula mawayilesi
Zotsatira za kuchulukana zitha kuwoneka nokha mukasankha chipangizo cholumikizira. Ngati pali zinthu zopitilira zitatu kapena zinayi pamndandanda wosankhidwa wa netiweki ya Wi-Fi, titha kulankhula kale za kutsitsa wailesi. Kuphatikiza apo, maukonde aliwonse ndi magwero osokoneza oyandikana nawo. Ndipo kusokoneza kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a netiweki chifukwa kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa phokoso ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kotumizanso mapaketi nthawi zonse. Pachifukwa ichi, malingaliro akuluakulu ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya transmitter pamalo olowera, kuti akope oyandikana nawo onse kuti achite chimodzimodzi kuti asasokoneze wina ndi mzake.
Mkhalidwewo umakhala wofanana ndi kalasi lasukulu mkati mwa phunziro pamene mphunzitsi palibe. Wophunzira aliyense amayamba kulankhula ndi mnansi wake wa pa desiki ndi anzake a mβkalasi. Paphokoso lambiri, iwo sangamve bwino wina ndi mnzake ndikuyamba kulankhula mokweza, kenako mokweza kwambiri ndipo pamapeto pake amayamba kukuwa. Mphunzitsiyo akuthamangira mβkalasi mwamsanga, nβkutenga njira zina zolanga, ndipo mkhalidwewo unayambiranso. Ngati tilingalira woyang'anira maukonde mu udindo wa mphunzitsi, ndi eni malo mwayi mu udindo wa ana asukulu, tidzapeza pafupifupi mwachindunji fanizo.
Kugwirizana kwa asymmetric
Monga tanena kale, mphamvu ya transmitter ya malo ofikira nthawi zambiri imakhala yamphamvu 2-3 kuposa zida zam'manja zamakasitomala: mapiritsi, mafoni am'manja, laputopu, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti "magawo a imvi" adzawonekera, kumene kasitomala adzalandira chizindikiro chabwino chokhazikika kuchokera kumalo olowera, koma kutumiza kuchokera kwa kasitomala kupita kumalo sikungagwire ntchito bwino. Kulumikizana uku kumatchedwa asymmetric.
Kusunga kulankhulana kokhazikika ndi khalidwe labwino, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale mgwirizano wofanana pakati pa chipangizo cha kasitomala ndi malo olowera, pamene kulandira ndi kutumiza mbali zonse ziwiri zimagwira ntchito bwino.
Chithunzi 1. Kulumikizana kwa asymmetric pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha ndondomeko ya nyumba.
Kuti mupewe kulumikizana kwa asymmetric, muyenera kupewa mopupuluma kuwonjezera mphamvu ya transmitter.
Pakafunika mphamvu zambiri
Zomwe zili pansipa zimafuna mphamvu zowonjezera kuti zikhalebe ndi mgwirizano wokhazikika.
Kusokoneza kwa mitundu ina ya zida zoyankhulirana pawailesi ndi zamagetsi zina
Zipangizo za Bluetooth, monga zomverera m'makutu, ma kiyibodi opanda zingwe ndi mbewa, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu 2.4 GHz pafupipafupi komanso kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a malo olowera ndi zida zina za Wi-Fi.
Zida zotsatirazi zithanso kusokoneza mtundu wamasinthidwe:
- uvuni wa microwave;
- owunika ana;
- Oyang'anira CRT, oyankhula opanda zingwe, mafoni opanda zingwe ndi zida zina zopanda zingwe;
- magwero akunja amagetsi amagetsi, monga mizere yamagetsi ndi malo opangira magetsi,
- magetsi magetsi;
- zingwe zopanda chitetezo chokwanira, ndi chingwe coaxial ndi zolumikizira zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu ina ya mbale za satellite.
Mipata yayitali pakati pa zida za Wi-Fi
Zida zilizonse zamawayilesi zili ndi malire. Kuphatikiza pa mapangidwe a chipangizo chopanda zingwe, kuchuluka kwakukulu kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi zinthu zakunja monga zopinga, kusokoneza wailesi, ndi zina zotero.
Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale "malo osafikirika" amderalo, pomwe chizindikiro chochokera kumalo olowera "sichifika" pa chipangizo cha kasitomala.
Zopinga zoletsa chizindikiro
Zopinga zosiyanasiyana (makoma, denga, mipando, zitseko zachitsulo, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zili pakati pa zipangizo za Wi-Fi zimatha kuwonetsera kapena kuyamwa mawayilesi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kapena kutaya kwathunthu kulankhulana.
Zinthu zosavuta komanso zomveka bwino monga makoma a konkire olimbikitsidwa, chophimba chachitsulo, chimango chachitsulo, ngakhale magalasi ndi magalasi owoneka bwino amachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya chizindikiro.
Chochititsa chidwi: Thupi la munthu limatsitsa chizindikiro ndi pafupifupi 3 dB.
Pansipa pali tebulo la kutayika kwa ma siginecha a Wi-Fi mukadutsa madera osiyanasiyana a netiweki ya 2.4 GHz.
* Mtunda wabwino - amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsedwa kwa mtunda pambuyo podutsa chopinga chofananira poyerekeza ndi malo otseguka.
Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule zotsatira zanthawi yochepa
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kulimba kwa siginecha payokha sikukulitsa kulumikizana kwa Wi-Fi, koma kumatha kusokoneza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kulumikizana kwabwino.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali zochitika pamene kuli kofunikira kupereka mphamvu yapamwamba yopititsa patsogolo ndikulandira chizindikiro cha wailesi ya Wi-Fi.
Izi ndi zofuna zotsutsana.
Zothandiza kuchokera ku Zyxel zomwe zingathandize
Mwachiwonekere, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zina zosangalatsa zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchoka muzochitika zotsutsanazi.
ZOFUNIKA! Mukhoza kuphunzira za nuances ambiri pomanga maukonde opanda zingwe, komanso luso ndi ntchito zothandiza zida mu maphunziro apadera Zyxel - ZCNE. Mutha kudziwa zamaphunziro omwe akubwera .
Kuwongolera kwa Makasitomala
Monga tanena kale, zovuta zomwe zafotokozedwazi zimakhudza kwambiri mtundu wa 2.4 GHz.
Eni okondwa a zida zamakono amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma frequency a 5 GHz.
ubwino:
- pali njira zambiri, kotero zimakhala zosavuta kusankha zomwe zingakhudze wina ndi mzake pang'ono;
- zida zina, monga Bluetooth, sizigwiritsa ntchito izi;
- chithandizo cha 20/40/80 MHz njira.
kuipa:
- Chizindikiro chawayilesi munjira iyi chimadutsa zopinga bwino. Choncho, ndi bwino kuti musakhale ndi "super-punchy" imodzi, koma malo awiri kapena atatu olowera ndi mphamvu yochepetsetsa yowonjezereka m'zipinda zosiyana. Kumbali inayi, izi zidzapereka chidziwitso chochulukirapo kuposa kugwira chizindikiro kuchokera ku chimodzi, koma "champhamvu kwambiri".
Komabe, muzochita, monga nthawi zonse, ma nuances amawuka. Mwachitsanzo, zida zina, makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu akuperekabe "yachikale" ya 2.4 GHz yolumikizira mwachisawawa. Izi zimachitidwa kuti muchepetse zovuta zofananira ndikuchepetsa njira yolumikizira maukonde. Ngati kugwirizana kumachitika zokha kapena wosuta analibe nthawi kuzindikira mfundo imeneyi, mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito 5 GHz gulu adzakhala pambali.
Ntchito ya Client Steering, yomwe mwachisawawa imapereka zida zamakasitomala kuti zilumikizidwe mwachangu kudzera pa 5 GHz, zithandizira kusintha izi. Ngati gululi silikuthandizidwa ndi kasitomala, litha kugwiritsabe ntchito 2.4 GHz.
Ntchitoyi ilipo:
- pa Nebula ndi NebulaFlex malo ofikira;
- mu NXC2500 ndi NXC5500 olamulira opanda zingwe;
- mu ma firewall okhala ndi ntchito yowongolera.
Kuchiritsa Magalimoto
Zotsutsana zambiri zaperekedwa pamwambapa mokomera ulamuliro wosinthika wa mphamvu. Komabe, pali funso lomveka bwino: momwe mungachitire izi?
Pachifukwa ichi, olamulira opanda zingwe a Zyxel ali ndi ntchito yapadera: Auto Healing.
Woyang'anira amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti ayang'ane momwe alili komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Zikawoneka kuti imodzi mwa njira zolowera sizigwira ntchito, ndiye kuti oyandikana nawo adzalangizidwa kuti awonjezere mphamvu yazizindikiro kuti mudzaze malo opanda phokoso. Pambuyo posowa mwayi wobwereranso kuntchito, malo oyandikana nawo amalangizidwa kuti achepetse mphamvu yazizindikiro kuti asasokoneze ntchito ya wina ndi mzake.
Izi zikuphatikizidwanso pamzere wodzipatulira wa owongolera opanda zingwe: NXC2500 ndi NXC5500.
Tetezani m'mphepete mwa netiweki opanda zingwe
Malo ofikira oyandikana nawo kuchokera pa intaneti yofananira sikuti amangopanga zosokoneza, koma angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira yoyambira kuwukira pa intaneti.
M'malo mwake, woyang'anira maukonde opanda zingwe ayenera kuthana ndi izi. Olamulira a NXC2500 ndi NXC5500 ali ndi zida zokwanira mu zida zawo, monga kutsimikizika kwa WPA/WPA2-Enterprise, kukhazikitsidwa kosiyanasiyana kwa Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), ndi firewall yomangidwa.
Chifukwa chake, wowongolera samangopeza malo osaloledwa, komanso amaletsa zochita zokayikitsa pamaneti amakampani, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolinga zoyipa.
Kuzindikira kwa Rogue AP (Rogue AP Containment)
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone chomwe Rogue AP ndi.
Rogue APs ndi malo olowera kunja omwe sali pansi pa ulamuliro wa network administrator. Komabe, zilipo mkati mwa bizinesi ya Wi-Fi network. Mwachitsanzo, awa atha kukhala malo ofikira ogwira ntchito omwe amalumikizidwa mumasoketi a netiweki yaofesi popanda chilolezo. Zochita zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pachitetezo cha pa intaneti.
M'malo mwake, zida zotere zimapanga njira yolumikizira chipani chachitatu ku netiweki yamabizinesi, kudutsa njira yayikulu yachitetezo.
Mwachitsanzo, malo ofikira kunja (RG) sapezeka pa netiweki yamabizinesi, koma netiweki yopanda zingwe idapangidwa pamenepo yokhala ndi dzina lomwelo la SSID ngati pamalo ovomerezeka. Zotsatira zake, mfundo ya RG imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika mapasiwedi ndi zidziwitso zina zodziwika bwino pamene makasitomala pamaneti amakampani amayesa kulumikizana nawo ndikuyesa kutumiza zidziwitso zawo. Zotsatira zake, zidziwitso za wogwiritsa ntchito zidzadziwika kwa mwiniwake wa "phishing".
Malo ambiri ofikira a Zyxel ali ndi ntchito yojambulira pawailesi kuti azindikire malo osaloledwa.
ZOFUNIKA! Kuzindikira malo akunja (AP Detection) kungagwire ntchito ngati imodzi mwama "sentinel" awa akhazikitsidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mowunikira maukonde.
Pambuyo pa malo ofikira a Zyxel, pogwira ntchito yowunikira, amazindikira mfundo zakunja, njira yotsekereza ikhoza kuchitidwa.
Tinene kuti Rogue AP amatsanzira malo ovomerezeka. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, wowukira amatha kubwereza zosintha zamakampani za SSID pamalo olakwika. Malo ofikira a Zyxel ndiye amayesa kusokoneza zochitika zowopsa posokoneza ndi kuwulutsa mapaketi a dummy. Izi zidzalepheretsa makasitomala kulumikizana ndi Rogue AP ndikusokoneza zidziwitso zawo. Ndipo malo ofikira "kazitape" sangathe kumaliza ntchito yake.
Monga mukuonera, kukopana kwa malo olowera sikungoyambitsa kusokoneza kosautsa pakugwira ntchito kwa wina ndi mzake, komanso kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza motsutsana ndi olowa.
Pomaliza
Zomwe zili m'nkhani yaifupi sizilola kuti tilankhule za ma nuances onse. Koma ngakhale ndikuwunika mwachangu, zikuwonekeratu kuti kukulitsa ndi kukonza ma netiweki opanda zingwe kuli ndi zopatsa chidwi. Kumbali imodzi, ndikofunikira kulimbana ndi chikoka chogwirizana cha magwero azizindikiro, kuphatikiza ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu zofikira. Kumbali ina, m'pofunika kusunga mlingo wa chizindikiro pamtunda wokwanira kuti muzitha kulankhulana mokhazikika.
Mutha kuthana ndi zotsutsanazi pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zapadera za olamulira opanda zingwe.
Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti Zyxel ikugwira ntchito yokonza chilichonse chomwe chimathandizira kulumikizana kwapamwamba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri.
Zotsatira
Source: www.habr.com