Kuwongolera Chisokonezo: Kukonza zinthu mothandizidwa ndi mapu aukadaulo

Chithunzi: Unsplash

Moni nonse! Ndife mainjiniya ochita kupanga kuchokera kukampani Positive Technologies ndipo timathandizira kupanga zinthu zamakampani: timathandizira mapaipi onse osonkhanitsira kuchokera pakupanga mzere wamakhodi ndi opanga mpaka kufalitsa zinthu zomalizidwa ndi zilolezo pa maseva osintha. Mwamwayi, timatchedwa DevOps mainjiniya. M'nkhaniyi, tikufuna kulankhula za magawo aukadaulo a pulogalamu yopangira mapulogalamu, momwe timawawonera komanso momwe timawayika m'magulu.

Kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe muphunzira za zovuta zogwirizanitsa chitukuko cha zinthu zambiri, za mapu aukadaulo ndi momwe zimathandizire kuwongolera ndi kubwereza mayankho, ndi magawo otani ndi masitepe a chitukuko, momwe madera omwe ali ndiudindo alili. pakati pa DevOps ndi magulu akampani yathu.

Za Chaos ndi DevOps

Mwachidule, lingaliro la DevOps limaphatikizapo zida zachitukuko ndi ntchito, komanso njira ndi njira zabwino zogwiritsira ntchito. Tiyeni titchule zapadziko lonse lapansi cholinga kuchokera pakukhazikitsa malingaliro a DevOps pakampani yathu: uku ndikuchepetsa kosasintha kwa mtengo wopangira ndi kukonza zinthu mochulukira (maola amunthu kapena maola amakina, CPU, RAM, Disk, etc.). Njira yosavuta komanso yodziwikiratu yochepetsera mtengo wonse wa chitukuko pamlingo wa kampani yonse ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wochitira ntchito zanthawi zonse pazigawo zonse zopanga. Koma kodi magawowa ndi ati, momwe mungawalekanitse ndi zochitika zonse, ndi masitepe ati omwe ali nawo?

Kampani ikapanga chinthu chimodzi, zonse zimamveka bwino: nthawi zambiri pamakhala mapu amsewu ndi dongosolo lachitukuko. Koma chochita pamene mzere wa malonda ukukula ndipo pali zinthu zambiri? Poyang'ana koyamba, ali ndi njira zofanana ndi mizere ya msonkhano, ndipo masewera a "pezani X kusiyana" muzitsulo ndi zolemba zimayamba. Koma bwanji ngati pali mapulojekiti 5+ omwe akutukuka ndikuthandizira matembenuzidwe angapo opangidwa zaka zingapo akufunika? Kodi tikufuna kugwiritsanso ntchito kuchuluka kwa mayankho omwe tingathe nawo pamapaipi azinthu kapena kodi ndife okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama popanga chitukuko chapadera pa chilichonse?

Momwe mungapezere malire pakati pa zapadera ndi ma serial solutions?

Mafunso awa adayamba kubwera pamaso pathu pafupipafupi kuyambira 2015. Chiwerengero cha zinthu chinakula, ndipo tinayesetsa kukulitsa dipatimenti yathu yodzipangira okha (DevOps), yomwe imathandizira mizere yazinthuzi, mpaka pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, tinkafuna kubwereza mayankho ambiri momwe tingathere pakati pa zinthu. Ndipotu, n'chifukwa chiyani chinthu chomwecho mu mankhwala khumi m'njira zosiyanasiyana?

Mtsogoleri Wachitukuko: "Anyamata, kodi tingawunike mwanjira ina zomwe DevOps imachita pazogulitsa?"

ife: "Sitikudziwa, sitinafunse funso ngati limeneli, koma ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa?"

Mtsogoleri Wachitukuko: "Angadziwe ndani! Think…”

Monga mufilimu yotchukayo: "Ndili mu hotelo! .." - "Uh ... Kodi mungandiwonetse njira?" Polingalira, tinafika pomaliza kuti choyamba tiyenera kusankha pa mayiko omaliza a malonda; ichi chidakhala cholinga chathu choyamba.

Ndiye, mumasanthula bwanji zinthu khumi ndi ziwiri zokhala ndi magulu akulu kwambiri kuyambira anthu 10 mpaka 200 ndikuzindikira ma metric omwe angayesedwe potengera mayankho?

1: 0 mokomera Chisokonezo, kapena DevOps pamapewa

Tinayamba ndi kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za IDEF0 ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana zamabizinesi kuchokera pamndandanda wa BPwin. Chisokonezocho chinayamba pambuyo pa gawo lachisanu la gawo lotsatira la polojekiti yotsatira, ndipo mabwalo awa a polojekiti iliyonse akhoza kukokedwa mumchira wa python wautali pansi pa masitepe 50+. Ndidamva chisoni ndipo ndidafuna kulira mwezi - sunakhale wokwanira.

Ntchito zofananira zopanga

Njira zopangira ma Model ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri komanso yowawa: muyenera kusonkhanitsa, kukonza ndi kusanthula zambiri kuchokera kumadipatimenti osiyanasiyana ndi maunyolo opanga. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za izi m'nkhani "Kutengera njira zopangira mumakampani a IT".

Titayamba kupanga chitsanzo cha kupanga kwathu, tinali ndi cholinga chenicheni - kufotokozera wogwira ntchito aliyense amene akukhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha zinthu za kampani yathu, komanso kwa oyang'anira polojekiti:

• momwe zogulitsa ndi zigawo zake, kuyambira pakupanga mzere wamakhodi, zimafikira kasitomala ngati oyika ndi zosintha,
• ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimaperekedwa pagawo lililonse lopanga zinthu,
• ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zikukhudzidwa pagawo lililonse,
• momwe magawo amaudindo pagawo lililonse amagawidwira,
• ndi mapangano otani omwe alipo polowera ndi kutuluka kwa gawo lililonse.

Kusindikiza pa chithunzi kudzatsegula mu kukula kwathunthu

Ntchito yathu pakampani imagawidwa m'malo angapo ogwira ntchito. Chitsogozo cha zomangamanga chikugwira ntchito kukhathamiritsa kwa ntchito zonse za "chitsulo" cha dipatimentiyo, komanso makina opangira makina enieni komanso chilengedwe pawo. Utsogoleri wowunikira umapereka kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a 24/7; timaperekanso kuyang'anira ngati ntchito kwa opanga mapulogalamu. Njira yoyendetsera ntchito imapatsa magulu zida zowongolera njira zachitukuko ndi kuyesa, kusanthula momwe ma code alili, ndikupeza ma analytics pama projekiti. Ndipo potsiriza, mayendedwe a webdev amapereka kufalitsa zotulutsidwa pa ma seva osintha a GUS ndi FLUS, komanso kupereka chilolezo kwazinthu pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya LicenseLab. Kuti tithandizire kupanga mapaipi, timakhazikitsa ndikusamalira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zothandizira opanga mapulogalamu (mutha kumvera nkhani za ena mwa iwo pamisonkhano yakale: O!DevOps! 2016 и O!DevOps! 2017). Timapanganso zida zopangira zokha zamkati, kuphatikiza Open source solutions.

Pazaka zisanu zapitazi, ntchito yathu yakhala ikuchita zambiri zamtundu womwewo komanso magwiridwe antchito anthawi zonse, ndipo opanga athu ochokera m'madipatimenti ena makamaka amachokera ku zomwe zimatchedwa. ntchito zanthawi zonse, yankho lomwe limakhala lokhazikika kapena pang'ono, silimayambitsa zovuta kwa ochita masewera ndipo silifuna ntchito yochuluka. Pamodzi ndi madera otsogolera, tinasanthula ntchito zoterezi ndipo tinatha kuzindikira magulu a ntchito, kapena njira zopangira, masitepewo anagawidwa kukhala masitepe osagawanika, ndipo masitepe angapo amawonjezera kupanga ndondomeko unyolo.

Chitsanzo chosavuta kwambiri cha unyolo waukadaulo ndi magawo osonkhanitsa, kutumiza ndi kuyesa chilichonse mwazinthu zathu mkati mwa kampani. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lomangali limakhala ndi njira zingapo zosiyana: kutsitsa zochokera ku GitLab, kukonzekera zodalira ndi malaibulale a gulu lachitatu, kuyesa kwa mayunitsi ndi kusanthula kachidindo kokhazikika, kupanga zolemba pa GitLab CI, kusindikiza zinthu zakale pamalo osungira. Zopangira komanso zotulutsa zolemba zotulutsa kudzera mu chida chathu chamkati cha ChangelogBuilder.

Mutha kuwerenga za ntchito za DevOps m'nkhani zathu zina za Habré: "Zochitika zaumwini: momwe dongosolo lathu la Continuous Integration likuwonekera"Ndipo"Kukonzekera kwachitukuko: momwe timagwiritsira ntchito malingaliro a DevOps ku Positive Technologies".

Mitundu yambiri yopangira zinthu imapanga kupanga ndondomeko. Njira yodziwika yofotokozera njira ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yogwira ntchito ya IDEF0.

Chitsanzo chowonetsera njira yopangira CI

Tinapereka chidwi kwambiri pakupanga ma projekiti okhazikika a dongosolo lophatikizana mosalekeza. Izi zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwirizanitsa ntchito, kuwonetsa zomwe zimatchedwa kumasula ndondomeko yomanga ndi zotsatsa.

Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Ma projekiti onse amawoneka ngati ofanana: amaphatikiza makonzedwe amisonkhano yomwe imagwera m'malo osungiramo zithunzi ku Artifactory, pambuyo pake amatumizidwa ndikuyesedwa pamabenchi oyesera, kenako amakwezedwa kumalo osungira. Ntchito ya Artifactory ndi malo amodzi ogawa zinthu zonse zomanga pakati pa magulu ndi ntchito zina.

Ngati tifewetsa ndikusintha dongosolo lathu lomasulidwa, ndiye kuti limaphatikizapo izi:

• cross-platform product assembly,
• kutumizidwa ku mabenchi oyesera,
• kuyesa magwiridwe antchito ndi zina,
• kulimbikitsa zomanga zoyesedwa kuti zitulutse nkhokwe ku Artifactory,
• kufalitsa kumasulidwa kumamanga pa ma seva osintha,
• kutumiza kwa misonkhano ndi zosintha pakupanga,
• kuyambitsa kukhazikitsa ndi kukonzanso malonda.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani chitsanzo chaukadaulo cha chiwembu chomasuliridwa ichi (pano ndi Model) ngati mawonekedwe a IDEF0. Ikuwonetsa magawo akulu a njira yathu ya CI. Mitundu ya IDEF0 imagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa Chizindikiro cha ICOM (Input-Control-Output-Mechanism) kufotokoza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lililonse, kutengera malamulo ndi zofunikira zomwe zimagwira ntchito, zomwe zimatuluka, ndi njira, mautumiki kapena anthu omwe amatsatira gawo linalake.

Kusindikiza pa chithunzi kudzatsegula mu kukula kwathunthu

Monga lamulo, ndizosavuta kuwola ndi tsatanetsatane kufotokozera njira mu zitsanzo zogwira ntchito. Koma pamene chiŵerengero cha maelementi chikukula, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kumvetsetsa kanthu kena mwa izo. Koma pakukula kwenikweni palinso magawo othandizira: kuyang'anira, kutsimikizira kwazinthu, makina opangira ntchito, ndi zina. Ndi chifukwa cha vuto la makulitsidwe kuti tinasiya kufotokoza uku.

Kubadwa kwa Chiyembekezo

M'buku limodzi, tinapeza mapu akale a Soviet omwe akufotokoza njira zamakono (zomwe, mwa njira, zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano m'mabizinesi ambiri a boma ndi mayunivesite). Dikirani, dikirani, chifukwa tilinso ndi kayendedwe ka ntchito!.. Pali magawo, zotsatira, zoyezera, zofunikira, zizindikiro, ndi zina zotero… Bwanji osayesanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma flowsheets pamapaipi athu azinthu? Ndinamva kuti: “Izi ndiye! Tapeza ulusi woyenera, nthawi yakwana yoti tichikoke bwino!

Mu tebulo losavuta, tinaganiza zojambulira zinthu ndi mizati, ndi magawo aukadaulo ndi masitepe a mapaipi azinthu m'mizere. Milestones ndi chinthu chachikulu, monga sitepe yomanga zinthu. Ndipo masitepe ndichinthu chaching'ono komanso chatsatanetsatane, monga gawo lotsitsa gwero lachidziwitso ku seva yomanga kapena gawo lolemba kachidindo.

Pamphambano za mizere ndi mizati ya mapu, timayika masitepe a siteji ndi malonda. Kwa ma status, gulu la mayiko linatanthauzidwa:

1. Palibe deta - kapena zosayenera. Ndikofunikira kusanthula kufunikira kwa gawo lazogulitsa. Kaya kusanthula kwachitika kale, koma siteji sikufunikanso kapena sikuli koyenera pazachuma.
2. Ichedwetsedwa - kapena sizofunikira pakali pano. Gawo lapaipi likufunika, koma palibe mphamvu zogwirira ntchito chaka chino.
3. Zokonzedwa. Gawo lakonzedwa kuti likwaniritsidwe chaka chino.
4. Zakhazikitsidwa. Gawo la payipi likugwiritsidwa ntchito mu voliyumu yofunikira.

Kudzaza tebulo kunayamba ntchito ndi polojekiti. Choyamba, magawo ndi masitepe a projekiti imodzi adasankhidwa ndikujambulidwa. Kenako adatenga projekiti yotsatira, ndikuyika ma stade omwe ali mmenemo ndikuwonjezera masitepe ndi masitepe omwe anali kusowa mumapulojekiti am'mbuyomu. Zotsatira zake, tapeza magawo ndi masitepe a payipi yathu yonse yopanga ndi ma status awo mu ntchito inayake. Zinapezeka zofananira ndi luso lopanga mapaipi azinthu. Tinatcha matrix oterowo mapu aukadaulo.

Mothandizidwa ndi mapu aukadaulo, timagwirizanitsa momveka bwino ndi maguluwo mapulani a ntchito zapachaka ndi zolinga zomwe tikufuna kukwaniritsa limodzi: magawo ati omwe timawonjezera pulojekitiyi chaka chino, ndi ati omwe timasiya mtsogolo. Komanso, pogwira ntchito, titha kukhala ndi zowongolera pamagawo omwe tamaliza pa chinthu chimodzi chokha. Kenako timakulitsa mapu athu ndikuwonetsa kusinthaku ngati gawo kapena gawo latsopano, kenako timasanthula chinthu chilichonse ndikupeza kuthekera kobwerezanso.

Iwo angatitsutse kuti: “Izi ndi zonse, ndithudi, zabwino, kokha ndi nthawi chiwerengero cha masitepe ndi masitepe adzakhala ochuluka kwambiri. Kukhala bwanji?

Tapereka mafotokozedwe okhazikika komanso athunthu pazofunikira pagawo lililonse ndi gawo lililonse, kuti amvetsetsedwe ndi aliyense mkati mwakampani mwanjira yomweyo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pamene kusintha kumayambitsidwa, sitepe ikhoza kulowetsedwa mu gawo lina kapena sitepe, ndiyeno "idzagwa". Nthawi yomweyo, zofunikira zonse ndi ma nuances aukadaulo zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunikira pagawo la generalizing kapena sitepe.

Momwe mungawunikire zotsatira za kubwereza mayankho? Timagwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta kwambiri: timatengera mtengo woyambira kukhazikitsa gawo latsopano kumitengo yapachaka yazinthu zonse, ndikugawa ndi onse pobwereza.

Magawo a chitukuko awonetsedwa kale ngati zochitika zazikulu komanso masitepe pamapu. Titha kukhudza kutsika kwa mtengo wazinthu poyambitsa makina opangira masitepe. Pambuyo pake, timaganizira za kusintha kwa makhalidwe abwino, kuchuluka kwa ma metrics ndi phindu lomwe gulu limalandira (mu maola a munthu kapena maola osungira ndalama).

Mapu aukadaulo a njira yopangira

Ngati titenga magawo athu onse ndi masitepe, kuwayika ndi ma tag ndikuwakulitsa kukhala unyolo umodzi, ndiye kuti zikhala zazitali komanso zosamvetsetseka (ndi "mchira wa python" womwe tidakambirana koyambirira kwa nkhaniyi) :

[Production] — [InfMonitoring] — [SourceCodeControl] — [Prepare] — [PrepareLinuxDocker] — [PrepareWinDocker] — [Build] — [PullSourceCode] — [PrepareDep] — [UnitTest] — [CodeCoverage] — [StaticAnalyze] — [BuildScenario] — [PushToSnapshot] — [ChangelogBuilder] — [Deploy] — [PrepareTestStand] — [PullTestCode] — [PrepareTestEnv] — [PullArtifact] — [DeployArtifact] — [Test] — [BVTTest] — [SmokeTest] — [FuncTest] — [LoadTest] — [IntegrityTest] — [DeliveryTest] — [MonitoringStands] — [TestManagement] — [Promote] — [QualityTag] — [MoveToRelease] — [License] — [Publish] — [PublishGUSFLUS] — [ControlVisibility] — [Install] — [LicenseActivation] — [RequestUpdates] — [PullUpdates] — [InitUpdates] — [PrepareEnv] — [InstallUpdates] — [Telemetry] — [Workflow] — [Communication] — [Certification] — [CISelfSufficiency]

Awa ndi magawo a zinthu zomangira [Build], kuwatumiza kuti ayese maseva [Deploy], kuyesa [Mayeso], kulimbikitsa zomanga kuti zitulutse nkhokwe kutengera zotsatira za kuyezetsa [Limbikitsani], kupanga ndi kusindikiza malayisensi [License], kusindikiza [ Sindikizani] pa seva yosinthira ya GUS ndi kutumiza ku maseva osintha a FLUS, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonzanso zinthu pamitengo yamakasitomala pogwiritsa ntchito Product Configuration Management [Install], komanso kutolera ma telemetry [Telemetry] kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zayikidwa.

Kuphatikiza pa iwo, magawo osiyana amatha kusiyanitsa: kuwunika kwa boma [InfMonitoring], kumasulira kwa code source [SourceCodeControl], kukonza chilengedwe [Konzekerani], kasamalidwe ka polojekiti [Workflow], kupatsa magulu zida zoyankhulirana [Kulankhulana], chitsimikiziro chazinthu [ Certification] ndikuwonetsetsa kudzikwanira kwa njira za CI [CISelfSufficiency] (mwachitsanzo, kudziyimira pawokha kwa misonkhano kuchokera pa intaneti). Masitepe ambiri munjira zathu sizingaganizidwe, chifukwa ndi achindunji.

Zidzakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa ndikuwona ndondomeko yonse yopangira ngati ikuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe mapu zamakono; ili ndi tebulo lomwe magawo opangira payekha ndi masitepe owonongeka a Chitsanzo amalembedwa m'mizere, ndipo m'mizere kufotokozera zomwe zimachitika pagawo lililonse kapena sitepe. Kugogomezera kwakukulu kumayikidwa pazithandizo zomwe zimapereka gawo lililonse, ndikuyika malire a madera omwe ali ndi udindo.

Mapu kwa ife ndi mtundu wa gulu. Imawonetsa mbali zazikulu zaumisiri zopanga zinthu. Chifukwa cha izi, zidakhala zosavuta kuti gulu lathu lochita kupanga lizitha kulumikizana ndi opanga ndikukonzekereratu kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo odzipangira okha, komanso kumvetsetsa zomwe ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi zida (anthu ndi zida) zidzafunikire pa izi.

Mkati mwa kampani yathu, mapu amapangidwa okha kuchokera ku template ya jinja ngati fayilo ya HTML yokhazikika, kenaka imakwezedwa ku seva ya GitLab Pages. Chithunzi chokhala ndi chitsanzo cha mapu opangidwa mokwanira chikhoza kuwonedwa kugwirizana.

Kusindikiza pa chithunzi kudzatsegula mu kukula kwathunthu

Mwachidule, mapu aukadaulo ndi chithunzi chokhazikika cha kapangidwe kake, chomwe chimawonetsa midadada yodziwika bwino ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Mapangidwe a mapu athu amsewu

Mapuwa ali ndi magawo angapo:

1. Malo amutu - apa pali kufotokozera kwa mapu, mfundo zoyambira zimayambitsidwa, zofunikira zazikulu ndi zotsatira za kupanga zimatanthauzidwa.
2. Dashboard - apa mutha kuwongolera kuwonetsa kwazinthu zamtundu uliwonse, chidule cha magawo omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi masitepe ambiri pazogulitsa zonse zimaperekedwa.
3. Mapu aukadaulo - kufotokozera kwatsatanetsatane kwaukadaulo. Pamapu:
   • masitepe onse, masitepe ndi zizindikiro zawo zaperekedwa;
   • kufotokozera mwachidule ndi kokwanira kwa magawowo kwaperekedwa;
   • zolowa ndi ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lililonse zimawonetsedwa;
   • zotsatira za siteji iliyonse ndi sitepe yosiyana imasonyezedwa;
   • gawo laudindo pagawo lililonse ndi gawo likuwonetsedwa;
   • zipangizo zamakono, monga HDD (SSD), RAM, vCPU, ndi munthu-maola zofunika kuthandizira ntchito pa siteji iyi, zonse pakali pano - zoona, ndipo m'tsogolo - ndondomeko, zatsimikiziridwa;
   • pa chinthu chilichonse, zimawonetsedwa kuti ndi magawo ati aukadaulo kapena masitepe omwe akhazikitsidwa, okonzekera kukhazikitsidwa, osafunikira kapena osakwaniritsidwa.

Kupanga zisankho motengera mapu aukadaulo

Mukayang'ana mapu, ndizotheka kuchitapo kanthu - kutengera udindo wa wogwira ntchito pakampani (woyang'anira chitukuko, woyang'anira malonda, wopanga kapena woyesa):

• kumvetsetsa kuti ndi magawo ati omwe akusowa muzinthu zenizeni kapena polojekiti, ndikuwunika kufunikira kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwawo;
• kuchepetsa madera omwe ali ndi udindo pakati pa madipatimenti angapo ngati akugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana;
• gwirizanani pamakontrakitala polowera ndi kutuluka kwa magawo;
• phatikizani gawo lanu la ntchito muzochitika zonse zachitukuko;
• kuwunika molondola kufunikira kwa zinthu zomwe zimapereka gawo lililonse.

Kufotokozera mwachidule zonsezi

Njirayi ndi yosinthasintha, yowonjezera komanso yosavuta kukonza. Ndizosavuta kupanga ndikusunga mafotokozedwe anjira mwanjira iyi kusiyana ndi mtundu wokhazikika wamaphunziro wa IDEF0. Kuonjezera apo, kufotokozera tabular ndi kosavuta, kodziwika bwino komanso kopangidwa bwino kuposa chitsanzo chogwira ntchito.

Pakukhazikitsa kwaukadaulo kwa masitepe, tili ndi chida chapadera chamkati CrossBuilder - chida chosanjikiza pakati pa machitidwe a CI, ntchito ndi zomangamanga. Wopangayo sayenera kudula njinga yake: mu dongosolo lathu la CI, ndikwanira kuyendetsa imodzi mwazolemba (zotchedwa ntchito) za chida cha CrossBuilder, chomwe chidzachite bwino, poganizira za mawonekedwe athu. .

Zotsatira

Nkhaniyi idakhala yayitali kwambiri, koma izi ndizosapeweka pofotokoza mafanizo azovuta. Pomaliza, ndikufuna kukonza mwachidule malingaliro athu akulu:

• Cholinga chokhazikitsa malingaliro a DevOps mu kampani yathu ndikuchepetsa nthawi zonse mtengo wopangira ndi kukonza zinthu za kampaniyo mochulukira (maola amunthu kapena makina, vCPU, RAM, Disk).
• Njira yochepetsera mtengo wonse wachitukuko ndikuchepetsa mtengo wogwirira ntchito zanthawi zonse: magawo ndi masitepe aukadaulo.
• Ntchito wamba ndi ntchito yomwe yankho lake ndi lokhazikika kapena pang'ono, silimayambitsa zovuta kwa ochita komanso silifuna ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito.
• Njira yopanga imakhala ndi magawo, magawowa amagawidwa m'magawo osagawanika, omwe ndi ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zazikulu.
• Kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyana siyana, tafika pamakina ovuta aukadaulo ndi mitundu ingapo yamachitidwe opanga, omwe amatha kufotokozedwa ndi mtundu wa IDEF0 wogwira ntchito kapena mapu osavuta aukadaulo.
• Mapu aukadaulo ndi chiwonetsero chazithunzi cha magawo ndi masitepe akupanga. Chofunika kwambiri: mapu amakulolani kuti muwone ndondomeko yonse yonse, mu zidutswa zazikulu ndi kuthekera kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.
• Kutengera mapu aukadaulo, ndizotheka kuwunika kufunikira koyambitsa magawo mu chinthu china, kulongosola madera omwe ali ndi udindo, kuvomerezana pamakontrakitala pazolowera ndi zotuluka pamagawo, ndikuwunika molondola kufunikira kwazinthu.

M'nkhani zotsatirazi, tifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zida zaukadaulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa magawo ena aukadaulo pamapu athu.

Olemba nkhani:

• Alexander Pazdnikov - Mutu wa Automation (DevOps) ku Positive Technologies
• Timur Gilmullin - Wachiwiri Mtsogoleri wa Automation Department (DevOps) ku Positive Technologies

Source: www.habr.com