Gwiritsani ntchito mwayi wonse wa NetworkManager network management chida pa Linux command line pogwiritsa ntchito nmcli utility.
Zothandiza imayimbira mwachindunji API kuti ipeze ntchito za NetworkManager.
Idawonekera mu 2010 ndipo kwa ambiri yakhala njira ina yosinthira ma network ndi maulumikizidwe. Ngakhale anthu ena amagwiritsabe ntchito . Chifukwa nmcli ndi chida cholumikizira mzere (CLI) chopangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito muwindo lazenera ndi zolembedwa, ndiyabwino kwa oyang'anira machitidwe omwe amagwira ntchito popanda GUI.
ncmli command syntax
Kawirikawiri, syntax imawoneka motere:
$ nmcli <options> <section> <action>- zosankha ndi magawo omwe amazindikira zobisika za ntchito ya nmcli,
- gawo (gawo) - limasankha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito,
- zochita - zimakupatsani mwayi wofotokozera zomwe muyenera kuchita.
Pali magawo 8 onse, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi gulu lina la malamulo (zochita):
- Thandizeni imapereka chithandizo cha malamulo a ncmcli ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo.
- General imabweretsanso NetworkManager ndikusintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
- Intaneti Zilinso ndi malamulo oti mufunse momwe mungalumikizire netiweki ndikuyatsa/kuletsa maulumikizidwe.
- wailesi imaphatikizapo malamulo oti mufunse momwe mungalumikizire netiweki ya WiFi ndikuyatsa / kuletsa kulumikizana.
- polojekiti Zimaphatikizapo malamulo owunikira zochitika za NetworkManager ndikuwona kusintha kwa ma intaneti.
- Kulumikizana kumaphatikizapo malamulo oyang'anira zolumikizira netiweki, kuwonjezera maulalo atsopano ndikuchotsa omwe alipo.
- Chipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kusintha magawo okhudzana ndi chipangizo (monga dzina la mawonekedwe) kapena kulumikiza zida pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana komwe kulipo.
- chinsinsi amalembetsa nmcli ngati NetworkManager "chinsinsi" chomwe chimamvetsera mauthenga achinsinsi. Gawoli siligwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa nmcli imagwira ntchito motere polumikizana ndi maukonde.
Zitsanzo zosavuta
Musanayambe, onetsetsani kuti NetworkManager ikuyenda ndipo nmcli ikhoza kuyankhulana nayo:
$ nmcli general
STATE CONNECTIVITY WIFI-HW WIFI WWAN-HW WWAN
connected full enabled enabled enabled enabledNtchito nthawi zambiri imayamba ndikuwona mbiri yonse yolumikizira netiweki:
$ nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
Wired connection 2 2279d917-fa02-390c-8603-3083ec5a1d3e ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9Lamuloli limagwiritsa ntchito zochita onetsani gawo la Connection.
Makina oyesera akugwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu 20.04. Pankhaniyi, tapeza mawaya atatu: enp0s3, enp0s8, ndi enp0s9.
Sinthani maulalo
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti mu nmcli, ndi mawu akuti Connection timatanthawuza chinthu chomwe chili ndi chidziwitso chonse chokhudzana ndi kugwirizana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, uku ndi kasinthidwe ka netiweki. Kulumikizana kumaphatikiza zidziwitso zonse zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana, kuphatikiza ulalo wosanjikiza ndi chidziwitso cha ma adilesi a IP. Awa ndi Layer 2 ndi Layer 3 mu mtundu wa OSI networking.
Mukakhazikitsa netiweki ku Linux, nthawi zambiri mumakhazikitsa maulumikizidwe omwe amatha kukhala olumikizidwa ndi netiweki, omwenso ndi ma network omwe amayikidwa pakompyuta. Chida chikagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana, chimatengedwa ngati chogwira ntchito kapena chokwezeka. Ngati kulumikizidwa sikukugwiritsidwa ntchito, sikukugwira ntchito kapena kuyambiranso.
Kuwonjezera ma network
Chida cha ncmli chimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mwachangu ndikukhazikitsa maulumikizidwe nthawi yomweyo. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muwonjezere Wired connection 2 (ndi enp0s8), muyenera kuyendetsa lamulo ili ngati superuser:
$ sudo nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname enp0s8
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' (09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5) successfully added.Muzosankha zamtundu tikuwonetsa kuti uku kudzakhala kulumikizana kwa Ethernet, ndipo mu dzina la ifname (mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe) tikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a netiweki omwe tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.
Izi ndi zomwe zidzachitike mutayendetsa lamulo:
$ nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
Wired connection 2 2279d917-fa02-390c-8603-3083ec5a1d3e ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9
ethernet-enp0s8 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5 ethernet -- Kulumikizana kwatsopano kwapangidwa, ethernet-enp0s8. Inapatsidwa UUID ndipo mtundu wolumikizira unali Ethernet. Tiyeni tiyike pogwiritsa ntchito up command:
$ nmcli connection up ethernet-enp0s8
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)Tiyeni tiwonenso mndandanda wamalumikizidwe omwe akugwira ntchito:
$ nmcli connection show --active
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
Wired connection 1 ac3241e4-b424-35d6-aaa7-07498561688d ethernet enp0s3
ethernet-enp0s8 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5 ethernet enp0s8
Wired connection 3 52d89737-de92-35ec-b082-8cf2e5ac36e6 ethernet enp0s9Kulumikizana kwatsopano ethernet-enp0s8 yawonjezedwa, ikugwira ntchito ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a netiweki a enp0s8.
Kupanga kugwirizana
Chida cha ncmli chimakulolani kuti musinthe mosavuta magawo a maulumikizidwe omwe alipo. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kusintha IP adilesi yanu yamphamvu (DHCP) kukhala adilesi ya IP yokhazikika.
Tinene tikufunika kukhazikitsa adilesi ya IP ku 192.168.4.26. Kuti tichite izi timagwiritsa ntchito malamulo awiri. Yoyamba idzakhazikitsa mwachindunji adilesi ya IP, ndipo yachiwiri isintha njira yokhazikitsira ma adilesi a IP kuti ikhale:
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.address 192.168.4.26/24
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.method manualMusaiwale kukhazikitsanso subnet mask. Pakulumikizana kwathu koyesa izi ndi 255.255.255.0, kapena ndi /24 pamayendedwe opanda class (CIDR).
Kuti zosinthazo zichitike, muyenera kuyimitsa ndikuyambitsanso kulumikizana:
$ nmcli connection down ethernet-enp0s8
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
$ nmcli connection up ethernet-enp0s8
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveCNgati, m'malo mwake, muyenera kukhazikitsa DHCP, gwiritsani ntchito auto m'malo mwamanja:
$ nmcli connection modify ethernet-enp0s8 ipv4.method autoKugwira ntchito ndi zida
Kwa ichi timagwiritsa ntchito gawo la Chipangizo.
Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe a chipangizo
$ nmcli device status
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
enp0s3 ethernet connected Wired connection 1
enp0s8 ethernet connected ethernet-enp0s8
enp0s9 ethernet connected Wired connection 3
lo loopback unmanaged -- Kufunsira zambiri zachipangizo
Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chiwonetsero chochokera kugawo la Chipangizo (muyenera kufotokoza dzina la chipangizocho). Pulogalamuyi imawonetsa zambiri, nthawi zambiri pamasamba angapo.
Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe a enp0s8 omwe kulumikizana kwathu kwatsopano kumagwiritsa ntchito. Tiyeni tiwonetsetse kuti imagwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya IP ndendende yomwe tidayika kale:
$ nmcli device show enp0s8
GENERAL.DEVICE: enp0s8
GENERAL.TYPE: ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR: 08:00:27:81:16:20
GENERAL.MTU: 1500
GENERAL.STATE: 100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION: ethernet-enp0s8
GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER: on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]: 192.168.4.26/24
IP4.GATEWAY: --
IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 192.168.4.0/24, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 103
IP6.ADDRESS[1]: fe80::6d70:90de:cb83:4491/64
IP6.GATEWAY: --
IP6.ROUTE[1]: dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 103
IP6.ROUTE[2]: dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255Pali zambiri zambiri. Tiyeni tiwunikire chinthu chachikulu:
- Dzina lamanetiweki: enp0s8.
- Mtundu wolumikizira: kugwirizana kwa Ethernet.
- Tikuwona adilesi ya MAC ya chipangizocho.
- Maximum transmission unit (MTU) yatchulidwa - kukula kwakukulu kwa deta yothandiza ya paketi imodzi yomwe imatha kufalitsidwa ndi protocol popanda kugawikana.
- chipangizo olumikizidwa pano.
- Dzina lolumikizirachipangizo chomwe chikugwiritsa ntchito: ethernet-enp0s8.
- Chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito chimodzi Adilesi ya IP, zomwe tidaziyika kale: 192.168.4.26/24.
Zambiri zimakhudzana ndi njira zosinthira komanso zolumikizira zipata. Amadalira maukonde enieni.
Interactive nmcli mkonzi
nmcli ilinso ndi chowongolera chosavuta chothandizira, chomwe chingakhale chomasuka kuti ena agwire nawo ntchito. Kuti muyigwiritse ntchito pa ethernet-enp0s8 mwachitsanzo, gwiritsani ntchito zochita Sinthani:
$ nmcli connection edit ethernet-enp0s8Ilinso ndi chithandizo chaching'ono, chomwe, komabe, ndi chaching'ono kukula kuposa mtundu wa console:
===| nmcli interactive connection editor |===
Editing existing '802-3-ethernet' connection: 'ethernet-enp0s8'
Type 'help' or '?' for available commands.
Type 'print' to show all the connection properties.
Type 'describe [<setting>.<prop>]' for detailed property description.
You may edit the following settings: connection, 802-3-ethernet (ethernet), 802-1x, dcb, sriov, ethtool, match, ipv4, ipv6, tc, proxy
nmcli>Ngati mulemba lamulo losindikiza ndikusindikiza Enter, nmcli iwonetsa zonse zolumikizira:
===============================================================================
Connection profile details (ethernet-enp0s8)
===============================================================================
connection.id: ethernet-enp0s8
connection.uuid: 09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5
connection.stable-id: --
connection.type: 802-3-ethernet
connection.interface-name: enp0s8
connection.autoconnect: yes
connection.autoconnect-priority: 0
connection.autoconnect-retries: -1 (default)
connection.multi-connect: 0 (default)
connection.auth-retries: -1
connection.timestamp: 1593967212
connection.read-only: no
connection.permissions: --
connection.zone: --
connection.master: --
connection.slave-type: --
connection.autoconnect-slaves: -1 (default)
connection.secondaries: --Mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi DHCP, lembani goto ipv4 ndikudina Lowani:
nmcli> goto ipv4
You may edit the following properties: method, dns, dns-search,
dns-options, dns-priority, addresses, gateway, routes, route-metric,
route-table, routing-rules, ignore-auto-routes, ignore-auto-dns,
dhcp-client-id, dhcp-iaid, dhcp-timeout, dhcp-send-hostname,
dhcp-hostname, dhcp-fqdn, dhcp-hostname-flags, never-default, may-fail,
dad-timeout
nmcli ipv4>Kenako lembani set method auto ndikudina Lowani:
nmcli ipv4> set method auto
Do you also want to clear 'ipv4.addresses'? [yes]:Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa adilesi ya IP yokhazikika, dinani Lowani. Apo ayi, lembani ayi ndikusindikiza Enter. Mutha kuzisunga ngati mukuganiza kuti mudzazifuna mtsogolo. Koma ngakhale ndi adilesi ya IP yosungidwa, DHCP idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yakhazikitsidwa auto.
Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo losunga kuti musunge zosintha zanu:
nmcli ipv4> save
Connection 'ethernet-enp0s8' (09d26960-25a0-440f-8b20-c684d7adc2f5) successfully updated.
nmcli ipv4>Lembani kusiya kuti mutuluke mu nmcli Interactive Editor. Ngati musintha malingaliro anu ochoka, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lakumbuyo.
Ndipo si zokhazo
Tsegulani nmcli Interactive Editor ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa zosintha zomwe zilipo komanso kuchuluka kwa katundu aliyense ali nazo. Mkonzi wolumikizana ndi chida chachikulu, koma ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nmcli mu liner kapena zolemba, mufunika mtundu wanthawi zonse wamalamulo.
Tsopano popeza muli ndi zoyambira, onani nmcli kuti muwone momwe ingakuthandizireni.
Pa Ufulu Wotsatsa
Ma seva a Epic Ndi kapena Linux yokhala ndi mapurosesa amphamvu amtundu wa AMD EPYC komanso ma drive a Intel NVMe othamanga kwambiri. Fulumirani kuyitanitsa!
Source: www.habr.com