Ikani Linux desktop pa Android

Pa Habr! Ndikupereka kwa inu kumasulira kwa nkhani kuchokera m'magazini ya APC.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kukhazikitsa kwathunthu kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux pamodzi ndi malo owonetsera pakompyuta pazida za Android.

Imodzi mwamakina ofunikira omwe machitidwe ambiri a Linux pa Android amagwiritsa ntchito pRoot. Uku ndikukhazikitsa kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito chroot utility yomwe imadziwika kwambiri pama desktops a Linux ndi maseva. Komabe, chida cha chroot chimafuna ulamuliro wogwiritsa ntchito mizu, womwe supezeka mwachisawawa pa Android. pRoot imapereka mwayiwu pokhazikitsa zolemba zomangirira.

Ma terminal a Linux

Osati ma emulators onse a Linux a Android omwe ali ndi zida za BusyBox, mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, Termux. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi chakuti mfundo yonse ya machitidwe oterowo ndikupereka "zathunthu" kukhazikitsa zigawo zonse za OS, pamene BusyBox yapangidwa kuti ibweretse zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana mu fayilo imodzi ya binary. Pamakina omwe alibe BusyBox, bootloader ya Linux imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ili ndi mapulogalamu onse.
"

Khazikitsani malowedwe ndi mawu achinsinsi kuti mugawidwe ndi VNC mu UserLand.

Komabe, machitidwewa ali ndi ukadaulo wowonjezera womwe sufuna Termux. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za kukhazikitsa kwathunthu kwa kugawa kwa Linux komanso kompyuta ya GUI. Koma choyamba muyenera kusankha momwe mungayikitsire zojambulajambula.

Linux pa Android

Monga tanena kale, mapulogalamu omwe tidzakhala tikukhazikitsa amayendetsa malo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi chilolezo chokha kwa wogwiritsa ntchito panopa, yemwe pa nkhani ya Android OS nthawi zonse ndi wosuta wamba, i.e. alibe ufulu woyang'anira. Komabe, kuti tiyike kompyuta ya Linux, tifunika kukhazikitsa seva yazithunzi monga X kapena Wayland. Ngati titachita izi m'malo ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux, ndiye kuti zimayamba ngati wogwiritsa ntchito wamba, popanda kukhala ndi mwayi wofikira pazithunzi za Android OS. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kuyang'ana kuyika seva mu "standard" android njira, kuti ikhale ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zida komanso kuthekera kosunga malo owonetsera.

Anyamata anzeru omwe ali m'gulu lachitukuko adapeza njira ziwiri zothetsera vutoli. Choyamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yanu ya Linux (nthawi zambiri seva ya X). Akayamba kugwira ntchito chakumbuyo, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wopita kuzinthu zakumbuyoku kudzera mu VNC. Ngati muli ndi chowonera kale cha VNC pa chipangizo chanu cha Android kuti mulumikizane ndi makompyuta ena patali, ingogwiritsani ntchito kuti mulumikizane ndi wolandila kwanuko patali. Ili ndi yankho losavuta, komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito ena amati ali ndi vuto ndi pulogalamuyi.

Njira yachiwiri ndikuyika seva yopangidwira zida za Android. Ma seva ena amapezeka pa Play Store m'mitundu yolipira komanso yaulere. Musanayike, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati njira yosankhidwa ikuthandizidwa, kapena imagwira ntchito ndi pulogalamu ya Linux ya Android yomwe muyika. Tidakonda dongosolo la X-Server, motero tidagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya XServer XSDL (ссылка). Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za kukhazikitsa kwa seva iyi, ngakhale zitha kusiyana pang'ono ngati muli ndi pulogalamu ina yoyika kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito VNC.

Kusankha kwadongosolo

Monga momwe zilili ndi X-Servers, pali mapulogalamu angapo mu Play Store pakuyika magawo a Linux. Pano, komanso Termux, tidzakambirana za zosankha zomwe sizifuna kupeza mizu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chiopsezo china. Mapulogalamuwa amapereka ntchito zonse zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amafunikira posunga deta yanu motetezeka. Pansipa pali zitsanzo zamapulogalamu otere mu Play Store:

- UserLand: Chisankho chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumaphatikizapo magawo omwe amagawidwa: Debian, Ubuntu, Arch ndi Kali. Chodabwitsa, ngakhale kusowa kwa zosankha zochokera ku RPM, UserLAnd ikuphatikiza Alpine Linux pazida zopanda kukumbukira.

- AnLinux: Pulogalamuyi imathandizira kukhazikitsa mndandanda umodzi kapena zingapo zamagawidwe akulu ndipo zingaphatikizepo Ubuntu/Debian, Fedora/CentOS, openSUSE komanso Kali. Kumeneko mutha kusankhanso zosankha zapakompyuta zotsika mtengo: Xfce4, MATE, LXQtand LXDE. Pamafunika Termux kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo opareshoni Android ayenera kuchokera 5.0 ndi apamwamba.

- Andronix zofanana kwambiri ndi AnLinux. Zopangidwira bwino kuposa zomwe zidayamba kale, koma zimathandizira magawo ochepa.

- GNURoot WheezyX: Pulojekitiyi idayamba ngati mtundu wa Linux pa Android ndipo idapangidwa kuti ikhale pulogalamu yotseguka. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, limayang'ana kwambiri magawo a Debian, pomwe 'X' pamapeto amatanthauza kuti pulogalamuyi ndi yoyang'ana pa desktop. Ndipo ngakhale kuti opanga adayimitsa chitukuko cha polojekitiyi chifukwa cha UserLAnd, GNURoot WheezyX ikupezekabe pa Play Store ngati wina akuifuna.

Olemba nkhaniyi akhala akugwiritsa ntchito UserLAnd pulogalamu kukhazikitsa kompyuta ya Linux pa Android, ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo za izi. Choyamba, pulogalamuyi ndi yotseguka (ngakhale AnLinux ili nayonso). Kachiwiri, imapereka magawo abwino ogawa (ngakhale sakuphatikiza Fedora kapena CentOS), ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhazikitsa magawo omwe ali ndi zofunikira zochepa zamakina zomwe sizingatenge malo ambiri kukumbukira foni yamakono. Koma mwayi waukulu wa UserLAnd ndikuti ili ndi zida zothandizira kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu apadera m'malo mogawa zonse. Tipeza ndendende zomwe izi zikutanthauza kwa ife pambuyo pake. Tsopano tiyeni tiyike UserLAnd pa chipangizo chanu.

Ntchito ya UserLand

Tsitsani pulogalamuyi kuchokera ku Google Play kapena F-Droid (ссылка) pa Android OS. Imayika ngati pulogalamu ina iliyonse - palibe chapadera chomwe chiyenera kuchitika apa. Pambuyo pake, yambitsani kuchokera ku kabati yogwiritsira ntchito.

Chinthu choyamba chimene mudzawona pali mndandanda wa magawo. Pamapeto pake mutha kupeza zosankha zingapo apakompyuta: LXDE ndi Xfce4. Kuyizungulira ndi pulogalamu ya Firefox, masewera angapo, ndi zida zingapo zamaofesi: GIMP, Inkscape, ndi LibreOffice. Tsambali limatchedwa "Mapulogalamu". Amapangidwira kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu.

Mukakhazikitsa china chake, cholembera chofananira chidzawonekera pa "Session" tabu. Apa mutha kuyambitsa kapena kuyimitsa gawo lomwe lilipo, komanso kuwona njira zomwe zikuyenda.

"Filesystems" ndiye tabu yomaliza yomwe ikuwonetsa kukhazikitsidwa komalizidwa kale. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mukachotsa chinthu chilichonse ku Filesystems, zambiri za izo zidzafufutidwa pagawo la Session, lomwe, komabe, silikutsimikizira mwanjira ina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupanga gawo latsopano kutengera fayilo yomwe ilipo. Kumvetsetsa momwe ubalewu umagwirira ntchito ndikosavuta ngati mukuwona kuti ikugwira ntchito, ndiye tiyamba ndikuyika pulogalamuyo mu UserLAnd system.


Musanayike zida zogawa pa smartphone yanu, muyenera kupereka UserLAnd mwayi wosungirako.

Zogawidwa mu UserLAnd

Sankhani chimodzi mwa magawo omwe ali pazithunzi za Mapulogalamu kuti muyike pa chipangizo chanu. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu monga chitsanzo. Mukadina pachizindikirocho, bokosi la zokambirana likuwoneka likufunsa dzina lanu lolowera, mawu achinsinsi, ndi mawu achinsinsi a VNC. Kenako sankhani njira yomwe mungapezere kugawa. Kutsitsa kudzayamba, pomwe chithunzi choyambira chagawidwe chosankhidwa chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Fayiloyo idzatsegulidwa mu UserLand directory.

Kutsitsa kukamaliza, bwererani ku emulator ya xterm. Mutha kutulutsa lamulo lothandizira kuti mudziwe mtundu wa Linux womwe mwayika:

uname –a

Chotsatira ndikukhazikitsa desktop pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Ubuntu utility:

sudo apt install lxde

Chomaliza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo anu atsopano apakompyuta ali okonzeka kugwira ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusintha fayilo .xinitrcfile, yomwe pakadali pano ili ndi mzere umodzi wokha /usr/bin/twm. Iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala /usr/bin/startlxde. Tsopano tulukani mu gawo la XSDL (onetsetsani kuti mwadina batani la STOP m'dera lazidziwitso), gwirani batani la "Ubuntu listing" pa Sessions tabu, kenako dinani "Stop Sessions" ndikuyambitsanso magawowo. Pambuyo pa masekondi angapo, malo a LXDE ayenera kuwonekera. Mmenemo, mukhoza kuchita chimodzimodzi monga pa kompyuta wamba. Itha kukhala yaying'ono pang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono: muyenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali kukanikiza batani pazida kuposa mutachita ndi kiyibodi ndi mbewa. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingasinthire mwachindunji chilengedwe cha Linux pa smartphone.

Quick Guide to UserLAnd

Kuyang'anitsitsa zomwe zili mu desktop kumawonetsa kusangalatsa kwenikweni kwa mtundu wa desktop. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito UserLAnd pa chipangizo chokhala ndi kiyibodi ndi mbewa (kaya yolumikizidwa kudzera pa Bluetooth kapena ayi), zidzakhala zosavuta kuti muzolowere kugwiritsa ntchito malo a Linux mwanjira iyi. Kupatula kuchedwa pang'ono, komwe kumabwera chifukwa cholozera cha X-Windows chimalumikizidwa ndi cholozera cha chipangizo cha Android, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito bwino.

Chinthu choyamba chomwe mungafune kuchita ndikusintha kachitidwe ka font chifukwa mafonti apakompyuta ndi akulu kwambiri pakompyuta yanu. Pitani ku menyu yayikulu, kenako sankhani Zikhazikiko → Sinthani mawonekedwe ndi ma widget → Widget. Apa mutha kusintha kukula kwa font kukhala njira yoyenera foni yanu.

Chotsatira, mungafune kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu omwe mumakonda pa Linux system. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, malamulo autumiki sangagwire ntchito pakadali pano, chifukwa chake khalani omasuka kugwiritsa ntchito chida chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimayikidwa mu UserLAnd system chilengedwe chotchedwa ASAP:

sudo apt install emacs

Kugawidwa muzogwiritsira ntchito kumaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a magawo. Mukhoza kuyamba ndi kutseka iwo.

Mukayika kugawa, mutha kuwonjezera malo apakompyuta okhala ndi malamulo okhazikika.

Mwinanso mudzafunika njira zina zolumikizirana pakugawa kwanu. Chifukwa chakuti munakhazikitsa XSDL poyamba sizikutanthauza kuti iyenera kukhala yofanana nthawi zonse. Mutha kupanga akaunti ina pagawo la Gawo ndikusankha seva ina. Ingotsimikizirani kuti mwalozera ku fayilo yomweyi. UserLAnd idzayesa kukulozerani ku pulogalamu yoyenera kuti mukhazikitse mtundu watsopano wolumikizira: mwina XSDL, ConnectBot ya SSH, kapena bVNC.

Komabe, kukakamira komwe pulogalamuyi imakulowetsani ku Play Store mukayesa kulumikizanso kungakhale kokhumudwitsa. Kuti muyimitse izi, ingosinthani seva ndikuyika pulogalamu yapadera. Kuti muyike SSH, sankhani VX ConnectBot yodalirika yakale. Ingolowetsani ku port 2022 pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi dzina lanu lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi. Kuti mulumikizane ndi seva ya VNC, ingoyikani malonda, koma m'njira zambiri, Jump Desktop application, ndikuyimba adilesi 127.0.0.1:5951.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mukukumbukira mawu achinsinsi a VNC omwe mudakhazikitsa mukamapanga mafayilo.
Mutha kupezanso gawo laposachedwa la UserLAnd pogwiritsa ntchito zida zofananira pakompyuta ina pa netiweki yanu. Ndikokwanira kulumikiza SSH ku gawo loyendetsa (ndi mtundu wolumikizira SSH, inde) pogwiritsa ntchito terminal ya Linux, monga Konsole, kapena kulumikizana ndi gawo la VNC pogwiritsa ntchito KRDC. Ingosinthani ma adilesi am'deralo pakompyuta yanu ndi ma adilesi a IP a Android.

Kuphatikiza ndi mapulogalamu angapo osunthika, kukhazikitsidwa uku kukupatsani makina onyamula a Linux omwe mutha kulumikizana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta iliyonse yomwe muli nayo pakadali pano.

Source: www.habr.com