Ntchito za machitidwe oyang'anira amakono zadutsa kale kuposa kujambula kanema motere. Kuzindikira mayendedwe mdera lachidwi, kuwerengera ndi kuzindikira anthu ndi magalimoto, kutsatira chinthu chomwe chili mumsewu - lero ngakhale si makamera okwera mtengo kwambiri a IP omwe amatha kuchita zonsezi. Ngati muli ndi seva yogwira ntchito mokwanira komanso mapulogalamu ofunikira, mwayi wachitetezo chachitetezo umakhala wopanda malire. Koma nthawi ina machitidwe otere sankatha kujambula ngakhale kanema.
Kuyambira pantelegraph kupita ku makina TV
Kuyesera koyamba kutumiza zithunzi patali kudachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1862. Mu XNUMX, Florentine Abbot Giovanni Caselli adapanga chipangizo chomwe chimatha kufalitsa, komanso kulandira zithunzi kudzera pa mawaya amagetsi - patelegraph. Koma kutcha gawoli "TV yamakina" kunali kocheperako: kwenikweni, woyambitsa wa ku Italy adapanga chithunzi cha makina a fax.
Pantelegraph ndi Giovanni Caselli
Telegraph ya Caselli electrochemical inagwira ntchito motere. Chithunzi chopatsirana chinayamba "kutembenuzidwa" kukhala mtundu woyenera, wojambulanso ndi inki yosagwiritsa ntchito pa mbale ya staniol (chojambula cha malata), ndiyeno chimayikidwa ndi zingwe pagawo lamkuwa lopindika. Singano yagolide inkagwira ntchito ngati mutu wowerengera, kusanthula chitsulo chachitsulo mzere ndi mzere ndi sitepe ya 0,5 mm. Pamene singano inali pamwamba pa malowa ndi inki yosayendetsa, dera la pansi linatsegulidwa ndipo panopa anaperekedwa kwa mawaya olumikiza pantelegraph yotumiza kwa wolandirayo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, singano wolandira anasuntha pa pepala wandiweyani ankawaviika osakaniza gelatin ndi potaziyamu hexacyanoferrate. Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kugwirizana kunadetsedwa, chifukwa chomwe chithunzi chinapangidwa.
Chipangizo choterocho chinali ndi zovuta zambiri, zomwe zimafunika kuwunikira zokolola zochepa, kufunikira kwa kulumikizana kwa wolandila ndi transmitter, kulondola komwe kumadalira mtundu wa chithunzi chomaliza, komanso kulimba kwa ntchito komanso kukwezeka. mtengo wokonza, chifukwa chake moyo wa pantelegraph unakhala waufupi kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zida za Caselli zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mzere wa telegraph wa Moscow-St. kumayambiriro kwa 1.
Bildtelegraph, yomwe idapangidwa mu 1902 ndi Arthur Korn pamaziko a chithunzi choyamba chopangidwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo waku Russia Alexander Stoletov, idakhala yothandiza kwambiri. Chipangizocho chinadziwika padziko lonse lapansi pa Marichi 17, 1908: patsikuli, mothandizidwa ndi bildtelegraph, chithunzi cha chigawenga chinatumizidwa kuchokera ku polisi ya Paris kupita ku London, chifukwa chake apolisi adakwanitsa kuzindikira ndikusunga woukirayo. .
Arthur Korn ndi bildtelegraph yake
Chigawo choterechi chinapereka tsatanetsatane wabwino pachithunzi chazithunzi ndipo sichinkafunikanso kukonzekera kwapadera, koma sichinali choyenera kufalitsa chithunzi mu nthawi yeniyeni: zinatenga pafupifupi mphindi 10-15 kukonza chithunzi chimodzi. Koma bildtelegraph yazika mizu bwino mu sayansi yazamalamulo (inagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi apolisi kusamutsa zithunzi, zithunzi zofananira ndi zala pakati pa madipatimenti ngakhalenso mayiko), komanso muzolemba zankhani.
Kupambana kwenikweni m'derali kunachitika mu 1909: ndipamene Georges Rin adakwanitsa kufalitsa zithunzi ndi kutsitsimula kwa 1 chimango pamphindikati. Popeza zida za telephotographic zinali ndi "sensor" yomwe imayimiridwa ndi zithunzi za selenium photocell, ndipo chigamulo chake chinali "ma pixel" 8 × 8 okha, sichinapitirire makoma a labotale. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake enieni adayika maziko ofunikira pakufufuza kopitilira muyeso wa kuwulutsa zithunzi.
Injiniya waku Scotland John Baird adachitadi bwino ntchitoyi, yemwe adalowa m'mbiri monga munthu woyamba yemwe adakwanitsa kutumiza chithunzi patali munthawi yeniyeni, chifukwa chake ndi iye amene amawerengedwa kuti ndi "bambo" wamakina. televizioni (ndi televizioni monse). Poganizira kuti Baird anatsala pang'ono kutaya moyo wake panthawi yoyesera, akulandira kugwedezeka kwa magetsi kwa 2000-volt pamene akulowa m'malo mwa cell photovoltaic mu kamera yomwe adapanga, mutu umenewu ndi woyenereradi.
John Baird, amene anayambitsa wailesi yakanema
Baird anapanga disiki yapadera yopangidwa ndi katswiri wa ku Germany, Paul Nipkow, mu 1884. Diski ya Nipkow yopangidwa ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi mabowo angapo ofanana m'mimba mwake, yokonzedwa mozungulira mozungulira kuchokera pakatikati pa diski pamtunda wofanana wina ndi mnzake, idagwiritsidwa ntchito posanthula chithunzicho ndi mapangidwe ake. pazida zolandirira.
Nipkow disk chipangizo
Magalasi amawunikira chithunzi cha mutuwo pamwamba pa disk yozungulira. Kuwala, kudutsa m'mabowo, kunagunda photocell, chifukwa chomwe chithunzicho chinasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi. Popeza kuti mabowowo anasanjidwa mozungulira, aliyense wa iwo ankajambula mzere ndi mzere wa dera linalake la fano lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi lens. Ndendende disk yomweyi inalipo mu chipangizo chosewera, koma kumbuyo kwake kunali nyali yamphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imamva kusinthasintha kwa kuwala, ndipo kutsogolo kwake kunali lens yokulirapo kapena lens system yomwe ikuwonetsera chithunzicho pawindo.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina a kanema wawayilesi
Makina a Baird ankagwiritsa ntchito disk ya Nipkow yokhala ndi mabowo 30 (chifukwa chake chithunzicho chinali ndi sikelo yolunjika ya mizere 30 yokha) ndipo ankatha kuyang'ana zinthu pafupipafupi mafelemu 5 pa sekondi iliyonse. Kuyesera koyamba kopambana pakufalitsa chithunzi chakuda ndi choyera kunachitika pa Okutobala 2, 1925: ndiye injiniyayo adatha kutumiza kwa nthawi yoyamba chithunzi cha halftone cha dummy ya ventriloquist kuchokera ku chipangizo chimodzi kupita ku china.
Pakuyesako, mthenga yemwe ankayenera kupereka makalata ofunika analiza belu la pakhomo. Atalimbikitsidwa ndi chipambano chake, Baird anagwira dzanja la mnyamata wolefulidwayo ndi kupita naye ku labotale yake: anali wofunitsitsa kuona mmene ubongo wake ungapirire ndi kutumiza chithunzi cha nkhope ya munthu. Chotero William Edward Tainton, wazaka 20 zakubadwa, pokhala pamalo oyenera panthaŵi yoyenera, anadziŵika m’mbiri monga munthu woyamba “kuwonera TV.”
Mu 1927, Baird anaulutsa wailesi yakanema koyamba pakati pa London ndi Glasgow (mtunda wa makilomita 705) kudzera pa mawaya a telefoni. Ndipo mu 1928, kampani ya Baird Television Development Company Ltd, yokhazikitsidwa ndi injiniya, idayendetsa bwino njira yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yowulutsa mawilo a wailesi yakanema pakati pa London ndi Hartsdale (New York). Chiwonetsero cha kuthekera kwa dongosolo la 30-band la Baird linakhala malonda abwino kwambiri: kale mu 1929 adalandiridwa ndi BBC ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pazaka 6 zotsatira, mpaka adasinthidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono zochokera ku machubu a cathode ray.
Iconoscope - chizindikiro cha nyengo yatsopano
Dziko lapansi lili ndi mawonekedwe a chubu cha cathode ray kwa mnzathu wakale Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin. Pa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni, injiniya anatenga mbali ya gulu loyera ndipo anathawira ku Yekaterinburg kupita ku Omsk, kumene ankachita nawo zida za wailesi. Mu 1919, Zvorykin anapita kukagwira ntchito ku New York. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Omsk unachitika (November 1919), zotsatira zake anali analanda mzinda wa Red Army pafupifupi popanda nkhondo. Popeza injiniya analibe kwina konse kuti abwerere, iye anakhalabe kusamuka mokakamizidwa, kukhala wantchito wa Westinghouse Electric (pakali pano CBS Corporation), amene kale anali mmodzi wa kutsogolera mabungwe amagetsi engineering mu United States, kumene iye nthawi imodzi chinkhoswe mu kafukufuku mu. gawo la kufalitsa zithunzi patali.
Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin, mlengi wa iconoscope
Pofika m'chaka cha 1923, injiniyayo anatha kupanga chipangizo choyamba cha televizioni, chomwe chinachokera pa chubu chotumizira ma elekitironi ndi chithunzi cha photocathode. Komabe, akuluakulu atsopano sanatengere kwambiri ntchito ya wasayansi, kotero kwa nthawi yaitali Zvorykin anayenera kuchita kafukufuku yekha, mu zinthu zochepa kwambiri. Mwayi wobwerera ku ntchito yofufuza nthawi zonse unadziwonetsera yekha kwa Zworykin mu 1928, pamene wasayansi anakumana ndi munthu wina wochokera ku Russia, David Sarnov, yemwe panthawiyo anali ndi udindo wa wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa Radio Corporation of America (RCA). Poona kuti malingaliro a woyambitsayo ali odalirika kwambiri, Sarnov adasankha Zvorykin kukhala mkulu wa labotale yamagetsi ya RCA, ndipo nkhaniyi idayamba.
Mu 1929, Vladimir Kozmich anapereka chitsanzo ntchito mkulu vacuum TV chubu (kinescope), ndipo mu 1931 anamaliza ntchito pa chipangizo cholandira, chimene anachitcha "iconoscope" (kuchokera Greek eikon - "chithunzi" ndi skopeo - ". onani"). Iconoscope inali botolo lagalasi la vacuum, mkati mwake momwe chandamale chosamva kuwala ndi mfuti ya elekitironi yomwe ili pakona yake idakhazikika.
Chithunzi chojambula cha iconoscope
Chandamale chowoneka bwino cha 6 × 19 cm chidayimiridwa ndi mbale yopyapyala yotchingira (mica), mbali imodzi yomwe ma microns angapo (makumi angapo kukula kwake) madontho asiliva pafupifupi 1, yokutidwa ndi cesium, adayikidwa. , ndi zina - zokutira siliva zolimba, kuchokera pamwamba pomwe chizindikiro chotuluka chinalembedwa. Pamene chandamalecho chinawunikiridwa ndi mphamvu ya photoelectric effect, madontho a siliva adapeza malipiro abwino, kukula kwake kumadalira mlingo wa kuunikira.
Iconoscope yoyambirira yomwe ikuwonetsedwa ku Czech National Museum of Technology
Iconoscope inapanga maziko a machitidwe oyambirira a televizioni apakompyuta. Maonekedwe ake adapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwongolera bwino chithunzi chojambulidwa chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu chithunzi cha kanema wawayilesi: kuchokera pa 300 × 400 mapikiselo mumitundu yoyambirira mpaka 1000 × 1000 mapikiselo apamwamba kwambiri. Ngakhale chipangizocho sichinali chopanda zovuta zina, kuphatikizapo kukhudzika kochepa (powombera kwathunthu, kuwunikira kwa osachepera 10 zikwi lux kunali kofunikira) ndi kupotoza kwamwala wofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa oxis optical ndi axis ya chubu, kupangidwa kwa Zvorykin kunakhala chinthu chodabwitsa. Chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri yakuwunikira makanema, panthawi yowunikira tsogolo la chitukuko chamakampani.
Kuchokera ku "analogue" kupita ku "digital"
Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri, chitukuko cha matekinoloje ena chimayendetsedwa ndi mikangano yankhondo, ndipo kuyang'anira mavidiyo pankhaniyi ndi chimodzimodzi. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, ulamuliro wa Third Reich unayamba ntchito yokonza zida zoponya zautali wautali. Komabe, ma prototypes oyamba a "chida chobwezera" chodziwika bwino V-2 sanali odalirika: maroketi nthawi zambiri amaphulika poyambitsa kapena kugwa atangonyamuka. Popeza makina apamwamba a telemetry anali asanakhalepo kwenikweni, njira yokhayo yodziwira chifukwa cha zolephera inali kuyang'ana pazithunzi za ndondomeko yotsegulira, koma izi zinali zoopsa kwambiri.
Kukonzekera kukhazikitsidwa kwa V-2 ballistic missile pamalo oyesera a Peenemünde
Pofuna kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta kwa opanga zida za misala komanso kuti asaike moyo wawo pachiswe, katswiri wa zamagetsi wa ku Germany, Walter Bruch, adapanga makina otchedwa CCTV system (Closed Circuit Television). Zida zofunikira zidayikidwa pamalo ophunzitsira a Peenemünde. Kulengedwa kwa injiniya wamagetsi wa ku Germany kunalola asayansi kuona momwe mayesero akuyendera kuchokera pamtunda wotetezeka wa makilomita 2,5, popanda kuopa moyo wawo.
Ngakhale zabwino zonse, dongosolo loyang'anira mavidiyo a Bruch linali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri: linalibe chipangizo chojambulira mavidiyo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo sakanatha kusiya ntchito yake kwa mphindi imodzi. Kuopsa kwa vutoli kungawunikidwe ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi IMS Research m'nthawi yathu ino. Malinga ndi zotsatira zake, munthu wathanzi, wopumula bwino adzaphonya mpaka 45% ya zochitika zofunika pambuyo pa mphindi 12 zokha, ndipo patatha mphindi 22 chiwerengerochi chidzafika 95%. Ndipo ngati m'munda wa kuyesa mizinga mfundo imeneyi sinagwire ntchito yapadera, popeza asayansi sanafunikire kukhala kutsogolo kwa zowonetsera kwa maola angapo panthawi, ndiye pokhudzana ndi chitetezo, kusowa kwa kujambula mavidiyo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri. mphamvu zawo.
Izi zidapitilira mpaka 1956, pomwe chojambulira choyamba cha Ampex VR 1000, chopangidwanso ndi mnzathu wakale Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov, adawona kuwala kwa tsiku. Monga Zworykin, wasayansi anatenga mbali ya White Army, pambuyo kugonjetsedwa amene poyamba anasamukira ku China, kumene iye anagwira ntchito kwa zaka 7 mu umodzi wa makampani mphamvu yamagetsi mu Shanghai, ndipo anakhala kwa nthawi mu France, kenako mu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920 adasamukira ku USA ndipo adalandira unzika waku America mu 1932.
Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov ndi chitsanzo cha chojambulira choyamba cha vidiyo Ampex VR 1000
Kwa zaka 12, Ponyatov anatha kugwira ntchito ku makampani monga General Electric, Pacific Gas ndi Electric ndi Dalmo-Victor Westinghouse, koma mu 1944 anaganiza zoyambitsa bizinesi yake ndikulembetsa Ampex Electric and Manufacturing Company. Poyamba, Ampex inali yapadera pakupanga makina oyendetsa bwino kwambiri a makina a radar, koma nkhondo itatha, ntchito za kampaniyo zidakonzedwanso kudera lodalirika - kupanga zida zojambulira mawu a maginito. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1947 mpaka 1953, Poniatov anatulutsa zitsanzo zambiri bwino kwambiri zojambulira matepi, amene ntchito m'munda wa utolankhani akatswiri.
Mu 1951, Poniatov ndi alangizi ake akuluakulu a zaumisiri Charles Ginzburg, Weiter Selsted ndi Miron Stolyarov adaganiza zopitira patsogolo ndikupanga chida chojambulira makanema. M'chaka chomwechi, adapanga chithunzi cha Ampex VR 1000B, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yojambulira mizere yojambulidwa ndi mitu yozungulira ya maginito. Kupanga uku kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kupereka mulingo wofunikira wojambulira chizindikiro cha kanema wawayilesi pafupipafupi ma megahertz angapo.
Ndondomeko yojambulira mavidiyo pamizere
Mtundu woyamba wamalonda wa mndandanda wa Apex VR 1000 udatulutsidwa patatha zaka 5. Pa nthawi yomasulidwa, chipangizocho chinagulitsidwa kwa madola zikwi 50, zomwe zinali zochulukirapo panthawiyo. Poyerekeza: Chevy Corvette, yomwe inatulutsidwa m'chaka chomwecho, inaperekedwa kwa $ 3000 yokha, ndipo galimotoyi inali, kwakanthawi, ya gulu la magalimoto amasewera.
Zinali zokwera mtengo za zipangizo zomwe kwa nthawi yayitali zinali ndi zotsatira zoletsa pa chitukuko cha mavidiyo. Kuti tifotokoze mfundoyi, ndikwanira kunena kuti pokonzekera ulendo wa banja lachifumu la Thailand ku London, apolisi anaika makamera a kanema a 2 okha ku Trafalgar Square (ndipo izi zinali kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha akuluakulu a boma) , ndipo pambuyo pa zochitika zonse dongosolo lachitetezo linathetsedwa.
Mfumukazi Elizabeth II ndi Prince Philip, Duke wa Edinburgh akumana ndi Mfumu Bhumibol ya Thailand ndi Mfumukazi Sirikit
Kuwonekera kwa ntchito zowonera, kuwotcha ndi kuyatsa chowerengera zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kukweza mtengo womanga chitetezo pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera gawolo, komabe, kukhazikitsa ntchito zotere kumafunikirabe ndalama zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, njira yowunikira mavidiyo a mzinda yomwe idapangidwira mzinda wa Olean (New York), yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1968, idawonongera akuluakulu a mzindawo $ 1,4 miliyoni, ndipo zidatenga zaka 2 kuti atumize, ndipo izi ngakhale zida zonse zidalipo. imayimiriridwa ndi makamera avidiyo 8 okha. Ndipo, ndithudi, panalibe kulankhula za kujambula kozungulira koloko nthawi imeneyo: chojambulira cha kanema chinatsegulidwa pokhapokha pa lamulo la woyendetsa, chifukwa filimuyo ndi zipangizo zomwezo zinali zodula kwambiri, ndi ntchito yawo 24/7. zinali kunja kwa funso.
Chilichonse chinasintha ndi kufalikira kwa muyezo wa VHS, maonekedwe omwe timakhala nawo kwa injiniya wa ku Japan Shizuo Takano, yemwe ankagwira ntchito ku JVC.
Shizuo Takano, wopanga mtundu wa VHS
Mtunduwu udakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa azimuthal, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mitu iwiri yamavidiyo nthawi imodzi. Aliyense wa iwo adajambulitsa gawo limodzi la kanema wawayilesi ndipo anali ndi mipata yogwirira ntchito yomwe idapatuka kuchokera kumayendedwe a perpendicular ndi ngodya yofanana ya 6 ° mbali zina, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti athe kuchepetsa kuphatikizika pakati pa mavidiyo oyandikana nawo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kusiyana pakati pawo, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kujambula. . Mitu ya kanemayo inali pa ng'oma yokhala ndi mainchesi 62 mm, ikuzungulira pafupipafupi 1500 rpm. Kuphatikiza pa mavidiyo omwe amajambula mavidiyo, nyimbo ziwiri zomvera zinalembedwa pamphepete mwapamwamba pa tepi ya magnetic, yolekanitsidwa ndi kusiyana koteteza. Dongosolo lowongolera lomwe lili ndi ma pulses olumikizana adajambulidwa m'mphepete mwa tepiyo.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa VHS, kanema waphatikizidwe amalembedwa pa kaseti, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti athe kudutsa ndi njira imodzi yolumikizirana komanso kuphweka kwambiri kusinthana pakati pa zida zolandirira ndi kutumiza. Kuphatikiza apo, mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a Betamax ndi U-matic omwe anali otchuka m'zaka zimenezo, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira tepi ya U-woboola pakati ndi turntable, yomwe inali yofanana ndi machitidwe onse a makaseti am'mbuyomu, mawonekedwe a VHS adakhazikitsidwa pa mfundo yatsopano. za zomwe zimatchedwa M - malo opangira mafuta.
Scheme of M-refilling magnetic film mu VHS cassette
Kuchotsa ndi kutsitsa kwa tepi ya maginito kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mafoloko awiri owongolera, iliyonse yomwe inkakhala ndi chogudubuza choyimirira ndi choyimira chozungulira, chomwe chinatsimikizira mbali yeniyeni ya tepiyo pa ng'oma ya mitu yozungulira, yomwe imatsimikizira kupendekera kwa tepiyo. vidiyo yojambulira mpaka m'mphepete. Ma angles olowera ndi kutuluka kwa tepi kuchokera ku ng'oma anali ofanana ndi ngodya yozungulira ndege ya ng'oma mpaka pansi pa makina, chifukwa chakuti mipukutu yonse ya kaseti inali mu ndege imodzi.
Makina ojambulitsa a M adakhala odalirika kwambiri ndipo adathandizira kuchepetsa makina odzaza filimuyo. Kusapezeka kwa nsanja yozungulira kunapangitsa kuti makaseti azitha kupanga okha komanso ma VCR, zomwe zidakhudza mtengo wawo. Makamaka chifukwa cha izi, VHS idapambana pachigonjetso mu "nkhondo yamtundu," ndikupangitsa kuti kuyang'anira makanema kupezeke.
Makamera a kanema nawonso sanayime: zida zokhala ndi machubu a cathode ray zidasinthidwa ndi zitsanzo zopangidwa pamaziko a matrices a CCD. Dziko lapansi likuyenera kuoneka womaliza kwa Willard Boyle ndi George Smith, omwe amagwira ntchito ku AT&T Bell Labs pazida zosungiramo data za semiconductor. Pakufufuza kwawo, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo adapeza kuti mabwalo ophatikizika omwe adapanga amakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya Photoelectric. Kale mu 1970, Boyle ndi Smith adayambitsa makina oyambirira azithunzi (CCD arrays).
Mu 1973, Fairchild anayamba siriyo kupanga matrices CCD ndi kusamvana 100 × 100 mapikiselo, ndipo mu 1975, Steve Sasson ku Kodak analenga woyamba digito kamera zochokera masanjidwewo. Komabe, kunali kosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa kupanga chithunzi chinatenga masekondi 23, ndipo kujambula kwake pa kaseti ya 8 mm kunatenga nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Kuphatikiza apo, mabatire 16 a nickel-cadmium adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lamphamvu la kamera, ndipo chinthu chonsecho chinali cholemera 3,6 kg.
Kamera yoyamba ya digito ya Steve Sasson ndi Kodak poyerekeza ndi makamera amakono azithunzi-ndi-kuwombera
Chothandizira chachikulu pakukula kwa msika wamakamera a digito chidapangidwa ndi Sony Corporation komanso payekha ndi Kazuo Iwama, yemwe adatsogolera Sony Corporation of America mzaka zimenezo. Ndi iye amene anaumirira kuyika ndalama zochuluka kwambiri pakukula kwa tchipisi ta CCD, zomwe kale mu 1980 kampaniyo idayambitsa kamera yoyamba yamtundu wa CCD, XC-1. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Kazuo mu 1982, manda omwe anali ndi CCD matrix atayikidwa pamanda ake.
Kazuo Iwama, pulezidenti wa Sony Corporation of America mu 70s ya XX atumwi
Eya, September 1996 anadziŵikitsidwa ndi chochitika chimene tingachiyerekeze kukhala chofunika kwambiri ndi kupangidwa kwa makina oonera zinthu zing’onozing’ono. Apa ndipamene kampani yaku Sweden ya Axis Communications idayambitsa "kamera ya digito yokhala ndi ntchito za seva" NetEye 200.
Axis Neteye 200 - kamera yoyamba ya IP padziko lonse lapansi
Ngakhale panthawi yotulutsidwa, NetEye 200 sakanatchedwa kamera ya kanema monga momwe amatchulidwira. Chipangizocho chinali chocheperapo poyerekeza ndi zida zake pamagawo onse: magwiridwe antchito ake amasiyana kuchokera pa chimango chimodzi pamphindikati mumtundu wa CIF (1 × 352, kapena 288 MP) mpaka chimango chimodzi pamasekondi 0,1 mu 1CIF (17 × 4, 704 MP), Komanso , kujambula sikunasungidwe ngakhale mu fayilo yosiyana, koma monga mndandanda wa zithunzi za JPEG. Komabe, gawo lalikulu la ubongo wa Axis silinali liwiro lowombera kapena kumveka bwino kwa chithunzi, koma kukhalapo kwa purosesa yake ya ETRAX RISC ndi doko la 576Base-T Ethernet, lomwe linapangitsa kuti athe kulumikiza kamera molunjika ku rauta. kapena PC network network ngati chipangizo chokhazikika pamanetiweki ndikuwongolera pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi Java. Kudziwa kumeneku ndi komwe kudakakamiza opanga makina ambiri owonera makanema kuti alingalirenso malingaliro awo ndikutsimikiza vekitala ya chitukuko chamakampani kwa zaka zambiri.
Mipata yambiri - ndalama zambiri
Ngakhale kuti teknoloji ikufulumira, ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri, mbali yazachuma ya nkhaniyi imakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga makina owonetsera mavidiyo. Ngakhale kuti NTP yathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wa zida, chifukwa chake lero ndizotheka kusonkhanitsa dongosolo lofanana ndi lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ku Olean kwa madola mazana angapo ndi maola angapo enieni. nthawi, zomangamanga zotere sizingathenso kukwaniritsa zosowa zambiri zamabizinesi amakono .
Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chosintha zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Ngati kale mavidiyo owonetsetsa adagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kuti atsimikizire chitetezo m'dera lotetezedwa, lero dalaivala wamkulu wa chitukuko cha mafakitale (malinga ndi Transparency Market Research) ndi malonda, omwe machitidwe oterewa amathandiza kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana a malonda. Chochitika chodziwika bwino ndicho kudziwa kuchuluka kwa otembenuka kutengera kuchuluka kwa alendo komanso kuchuluka kwamakasitomala omwe akudutsa pamakauntala. Ngati tiwonjezera njira yozindikiritsa nkhope ku izi, ndikuyiphatikiza ndi pulogalamu yokhulupirika yomwe ilipo, titha kuphunzira momwe makasitomala amachitira potengera momwe anthu amakhalira ndi anthu kuti apange zotsatsa zamunthu payekha (kuchotsera payekhapayekha, mitolo pamtengo wabwino, etc.).
Vuto ndiloti kukhazikitsidwa kwa kachitidwe ka mavidiyo otere kumakhala ndi ndalama zambiri komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Chopunthwitsa apa ndikuzindikira nkhope yamakasitomala. Ndi chinthu chimodzi kuyang'ana nkhope ya munthu kutsogolo potuluka panthawi yolipira, ndi chinthu chinanso kuchita izi mumsewu (pamalo ogulitsa), kuchokera kumakona osiyanasiyana komanso mosiyanasiyana. Apa, mawonekedwe atatu okha a nkhope mu nthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito makamera a stereo ndi makina ophunzirira makina amatha kuwonetsa mphamvu zokwanira, zomwe zingapangitse kuwonjezeka kosalephereka kwa katundu pazitsulo zonse.
Poganizira izi, Western Digital yapanga lingaliro la Core to Edge yosungirako kwa Surveillance, kupatsa makasitomala njira zamakono zamakono zojambulira makanema "kuchokera ku kamera kupita ku seva". Kuphatikiza matekinoloje apamwamba, kudalirika, mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga chilengedwe chogwirizana chomwe chimatha kuthana ndi vuto lililonse, ndikukulitsa mtengo wa kutumizidwa ndi kukonza.
Mzere wotsogola wa kampani yathu ndi banja la WD Purple la ma hard drive apadera owonera makanema okhala ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 18 terabytes.
Ma drive a Purple Series adapangidwa makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito XNUMX/XNUMX pamakina owunikira makanema apamwamba kwambiri ndikuphatikiza kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa Western Digital muukadaulo wama hard drive.
- HelioSeal nsanja
Mitundu yakale ya mzere wa WD Purple wokhala ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku 8 mpaka 18 TB zimatengera nsanja ya HelioSeal. Nyumba zamagalimotowa zimasindikizidwa mwamtheradi, ndipo chipika cha hermetic sichimadzazidwa ndi mpweya, koma ndi helium yosowa. Kuchepetsa kukana kwa chilengedwe cha mpweya ndi zizindikiro za chipwirikiti zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchepetsa makulidwe a maginito a maginito, komanso kukwaniritsa kachulukidwe kake kakujambula pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya CMR chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwabwino kwa kuika mutu (pogwiritsa ntchito Advanced Format Technology). Zotsatira zake, kukwezera ku WD Purple kumapereka mwayi wochulukirapo mpaka 75% pama rack omwewo, popanda kufunikira kokulitsa zida zanu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma drive a helium ndi 58% amphamvu kwambiri kuposa ma HDD wamba pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komwe kumafunikira pozungulira ndi kuzungulira chozungulira. Ndalama zowonjezera zimaperekedwa pochepetsa mtengo wowongolera mpweya: pa katundu womwewo, WD Purple ndiyozizira kuposa ma analogi ake ndi avareji ya 5°C.
- Tekinoloje ya AllFrame AI
Kusokoneza pang'ono panthawi yojambulira kungayambitse kutayika kwa deta yovuta ya kanema, zomwe zidzapangitse kuti kusanthula kotsatira kwa zomwe mwalandira kusakhale kosatheka. Pofuna kupewa izi, kuthandizira gawo losankha la Streaming Feature Set la protocol ya ATA idayambitsidwa mu firmware ya "purple" series drives. Pakati pa kuthekera kwake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kukhathamiritsa kwa kachesi kutengera kuchuluka kwa makanema osinthidwa ndikuwongolera kufunikira kwa malamulo owerengera / kulemba, potero kuchepetsa mwayi wogwetsa mafelemu ndi mawonekedwe azithunzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma aligorivimu a AllFrame AI amapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito ma hard drive mumakina omwe amayendetsa mitsinje yambiri ya isochronous: Ma drive a WD Purple amathandizira kugwira ntchito munthawi imodzi ndi makamera 64 otanthauzira kwambiri ndipo amakonzedwa kuti azitha kusanthula makanema odzaza kwambiri komanso Kuzama. Machitidwe ophunzirira.
- Time Limited Error Recovery Technology
Imodzi mwamavuto omwe nthawi zambiri mumagwira ntchito ndi ma seva odzaza kwambiri ndikuwola modzidzimutsa kwa gulu la RAID chifukwa chopitilira nthawi yovomerezeka yokonza zolakwika. Njira ya Time Limited Error Recovery imathandizira kupeŵa kutseka kwa HDD ngati nthawi yodutsa idutsa masekondi a 7: kuti izi zisachitike, galimotoyo idzatumiza chizindikiro chofananira kwa woyang'anira RAID, pambuyo pake ndondomeko yokonza idzayimitsidwa mpaka dongosolo liri lopanda ntchito.
- Western Digital Device Analytics Monitoring System
Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa popanga makina owonera makanema ndikuwonjezera nthawi yantchito yopanda mavuto ndikuchepetsa nthawi yopumira chifukwa cha zovuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yaukadaulo ya Western Digital Device Analytics (WDDA), woyang'anira amapeza mwayi wopezeka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazidziwitso, magwiridwe antchito ndi chidziwitso pamayendedwe amagalimoto, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wozindikira mwachangu zovuta zilizonse pakugwiritsa ntchito makina owonera makanema, konzani kukonza pasadakhale ndikuzindikira mwachangu ma hard drive omwe akufunika kusinthidwa. Zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zimathandiza kwambiri kuonjezera kulekerera kwa zolakwika zachitetezo cha chitetezo ndikuchepetsa mwayi wotaya deta yovuta.
Western Digital yapanga mzere wama memori khadi odalirika a WD Purple makamaka makamera amakono a digito. Zowonjezera zolemberanso komanso kukana zosokoneza zachilengedwe zimalola makhadiwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamakamera amkati ndi akunja a CCTV, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lachitetezo chodziyimira pawokha momwe makhadi a MicroSD amatenga gawo lazida zazikulu zosungiramo data.
Pakadali pano, mndandanda wamakhadi okumbukira a WD Purple umaphatikizapo mizere iwiri yazogulitsa: WD Purple QD102 ndi WD Purple SC QD312 Kupirira Kwambiri. Yoyamba idaphatikizanso zosintha zinayi za ma drive drive kuyambira 32 mpaka 256 GB. Poyerekeza ndi mayankho a ogula, WD Purple idasinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi makina amakono owonera makanema pakompyuta poyambitsa zosintha zingapo zofunika:
- kukana chinyezi (chinthucho chimatha kupirira kumizidwa mpaka kukuya kwa mita imodzi m'madzi atsopano kapena amchere) komanso kutentha kwanthawi yayitali (kuchokera -1 °C mpaka +25 °C) kulola makhadi a WD Purple kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera popanga zida zonse ziwiri. zipangizo zamkati ndi zakunja kujambula kanema mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ndi nyengo;
- kutetezedwa ku maginito osasunthika ndi induction mpaka 5000 Gauss ndi kukana kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndi kugwedezeka mpaka 500 g kumachotseratu kuthekera kotaya deta yovuta ngakhale kamera ya kanema ikawonongeka;
- gwero lotsimikizika la 1000 mapulogalamu / kufufuta zimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera moyo wautumiki wa makadi okumbukira nthawi zambiri, ngakhale munjira yojambulira yozungulira-wotchiyo ndipo, motero, kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyendetsera chitetezo;
- ntchito yoyang'anira kutali imathandizira kuwunika mwachangu momwe khadi lililonse lilili komanso kukonza bwino ntchito yokonza, zomwe zikutanthauza kukulitsa kudalirika kwachitetezo chachitetezo;
- Kutsatira UHS Speed Class 3 ndi Video Speed Class 30 (yamakhadi 128 GB kapena kupitilira apo) kumapangitsa makhadi a WD Purple kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakamera odziwika bwino, kuphatikiza mitundu yowoneka bwino.
Mzere wa WD Purple SC QD312 Extreme Endurance uli ndi mitundu itatu: 64, 128 ndi 256 gigabytes. Mosiyana ndi WD Purple QD102, makadi okumbukirawa amatha kupirira katundu wokulirapo: moyo wawo wogwira ntchito ndi ma 3000 P/E, zomwe zimapangitsa ma flash drive awa kukhala njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito m'malo otetezedwa kwambiri pomwe kujambula kumachitika 24/7.
Source: www.habr.com