Maulosi
Patha masiku a 2 kuchokera pamene kutulutsidwa kwa pulogalamu yatsopano ya CentOS, yomwe ndi CentOS 8. Ndipo mpaka pano pali nkhani zambiri pa intaneti za momwe zinthu zimachitikira mmenemo, kotero ndinaganiza zodzaza kusiyana kumeneku. Komanso, sindikuwuzani za momwe mungayikitsire mapulogalamu awiriwa, komanso momwe ndimawonera kukhazikitsa Linux m'malo amasiku ano pantchito zanthawi zonse, kuphatikiza ma disks ogawa ndi zina zotero.
Koma poyamba, ndikufuna kunena mwachidule chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kusinthira ku Baibuloli kuchokera m'mbuyomu, ndipo pali zifukwa ziwiri:
- php7! Mu mtundu wakale wa CentOS, "Orthodox" php5.4 idayikidwa ...
Chabwino, kukhala wozama pang'ono, mapaketi ambiri adalumphira m'mitundu ingapo. Ife (okonda ma OS ngati redhat) talowa, ngati sichoncho mtsogolo, ndiye mpaka pano. Ndipo othandizira a Ubuntu sadzatisekanso ndikutilozera zala, chabwino ... kwa kanthawi;).
- Kusintha kuchokera ku yum kupita ku dnf. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti tsopano imathandizidwa mwalamulo kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu ingapo yamapaketi nthawi imodzi. Mu zisanu ndi zitatuzi, sindinapezepo izi zothandiza, koma zikuwoneka ngati zolimbikitsa.
Pangani makina enieni
Pali ma hypervisors osiyanasiyana ndipo ndilibe cholinga chosinthira owerenga kuti akhale amodzi, ndikuwuzani za mfundo zonse.
chikumbukiro
Choyamba ... Kuyika dongosolo la CentOS kuyambira 7 motsimikizika, ndipo m'malingaliro mwanga izi zinali choncho mu 6 ("koma izi sizowona"), muyenera osachepera 2 GB RAM. Chifukwa chake, ndikukulangizani kuti mupereke zambiri poyamba.
Koma ngati chirichonse, pambuyo unsembe kukumbukira kukula akhoza kuchepetsedwa. Pa 1 GB dongosolo lopanda kanthu limagwira ntchito bwino, ndinayang'ana.
litayamba
Kuti muyike bwino, muyenera kupanga disk yeniyeni yokhala ndi 20-30 GB. Izi ndizokwanira dongosolo. Ndi disk yachiwiri ya data. Itha kuwonjezeredwa pagawo lopanga makina enieni komanso pambuyo pake. Nthawi zambiri ndimawonjezera pambuyo pake.
purosesa
Pachiyambi chimodzi, dongosolo lopanda kanthu silichedwa. Ndipo popeza kuti zinthu zimatha kuchulukirachulukira, sindikuwona kufunikira kopereka zambiri pakukhazikitsa (pokhapokha mutadziwa zofunikira bwino ndipo ndinu waulesi kuti mulowenso kosintha)
Zina zonse zimatha kusiyidwa ngati zosasintha.
Kuyika kwenikweni
Kotero ... Tiyeni tiyambitse installer ... Inemwini, ndakhala ndikuyika mautumiki oterowo mwa mawonekedwe a makina enieni kwa nthawi yaitali, kotero sindidzafotokozera mitundu yonse ya zolemba zogawa pa flash drive - ndimangokwera ISO ngati CD mu hypervisor yomwe ndimakonda, koperani ndikupita.
Kuyika koyambira kumakhala kofanana, ndimangoganizira pang'ono.
Kusankha kochokera
Kuyambira kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu wachisanu ndi chitatu, galasi lochokera ku Yandex lakhala likugona kwa masiku ambiri. Chabwino, ndiye kuti, imakwera nthawi ndi nthawi, ndiyeno imayambanso kuwonetsa cholakwika. Ndikutsimikiza kuti ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kuti ndiwonetse gwero, ine ndekha ndimayenera, m'malo molowa ndi adilesi yanthawi zonse, ndipite , sankhani galasi lomwe ndimakonda pamenepo ndikulowetsani adilesi pawindo loyikira. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira apa kuti muyenera kufotokoza njira yopita ku chikwatu chomwe chikwatucho chili repodata. Mwachitsanzo, .
Kugawa kwa disk
Funso ili ndi lachipembedzo m'malingaliro anga. Admin aliyense ali ndi maganizo ake pankhaniyi. Koma ndigawanabe maganizo anga pankhaniyi.
Inde, kwenikweni, mutha kugawa danga lonse ku muzu ndipo lidzagwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri ngakhale bwino. Nanga bwanji kutchinga dimba lokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana? - M'malingaliro anga, pali zifukwa zazikulu ziwiri za izi: quotas ndi kunyamula.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati china chake sichikuyenda bwino ndipo zolakwika zikuchitika pagawo lalikulu la data, mukufuna kuti muthe kuyambitsanso dongosolo ndikuchita zotsitsimutsa. Chifukwa chake, ine ndekha ndimagawa magawo osiyana a / boot. Pali kernel ndi bootloader. Nthawi zambiri 500 megabytes ndi yokwanira, koma nthawi zina zambiri zingafunike, ndipo popeza takhala tizolowera kale kuyeza malo mu terabytes, ndimagawa 2GB pagawoli. Ndipo chofunikira apa ndikuti sichingachitike lvm.
Kenako pakubwera muzu wa dongosolo. Pakuyika kwanthawi zonse, sindinafunepo kuposa 4 GB pa dongosolo lililonse, koma pazochitika zomwe zakonzedwa nthawi zambiri ndimagwiritsa ntchito chikwatu cha /tmp kuti ndimasulire zogawa, ndipo sindikuwona chifukwa chilichonse chozipereka ku gawo lina - m'machitidwe amakono. imatsukidwa yokha, kotero kuti sichidzadza . Chifukwa chake ndimagawa 8GB pamizu.
Kusinthana... Mwambiri, palibe ntchito yothandiza kuchokera pamenepo. Ngati mutayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthana pa seva yanu, lero mu dziko lenileni izi zimangotanthauza kuti seva ikufunika kuwonjezera RAM. Kupanda kutero, mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito amatsimikizika (kapena kukumbukira kwa pulogalamu ina "kutayikira"). Choncho, gawoli likufunika pazifukwa zodziwira matenda okha. Chifukwa chake, 2 GB ndi nambala yabwino kwambiri. Inde, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira komwe kuli pa seva. Inde, ndinawerenga nkhani zonse zomwe zinalembedwa za chiΕ΅erengero cha voliyumu ya kukumbukira kusinthanitsa voliyumu ... IMHO, ndi zachikale. M'zaka 10 zakuchita sindinafune izi. Zaka 15 zapitazo ndidazigwiritsa ntchito, inde.
IMHO, aliyense atha kusankha yekha kugawa / nyumba kukhala gawo lina. Ngati wina pa seva adzagwiritsa ntchito bukhuli, ndi bwino kugawa. Ngati palibe, palibe chifukwa.
Kenako, /var. M'malingaliro anga, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa. Poyamba, mutha kudziletsa ku 4 GB, ndikuwona momwe zimakhalira. Ndipo inde, ndi "momwe zimakhalira" ndikutanthauza zimenezo
- Choyamba, mutha kuyika disk ina mu / var subdirectory (yomwe ndiwonetsa pambuyo pake ndi chitsanzo)
- Kachiwiri, tili ndi lvm - mutha kuwonjezera nthawi zonse. Ndipo nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuwonjezera pamene zipika zambiri ziyamba kutsanulira mmenemo. Koma sindinathe kulosera chiwerengerochi pasadakhale, kotero ndikuyamba ndi 2 GB ndiyeno penyani.
Malo osagawidwa adzakhalabe omasuka mu gulu la voliyumu ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse.
LVM
onse Ndizomveka kupanga magawo ena osati / boot mu LVM. Inde, kuphatikizapo kusinthana. Inde, malinga ndi malangizo onse, kusinthanitsa kuyenera kukhala koyambirira kwa disk, koma pankhani ya LVM malo ake sangadziwike kwenikweni. Koma monga ndalemba pamwambapa, dongosolo lanu sayenera gwiritsani ntchito kusintha konse. Chifukwa chake, zilibe kanthu komwe iye ali. Chabwino, sitikhala mu '95, moona mtima!
Kupitilira apo, mu LVM pali zinthu zingapo zofunika zomwe muyenera kukhala nazo:
- kuchuluka kwa thupi
- gulu la volume
- voliyumu yomveka
Ma voliyumu akuthupi amaphatikizidwa m'magulu, ndipo voliyumu iliyonse imatha kukhala m'gulu limodzi lokha, ndipo gulu likhoza kukhala pamagulu angapo nthawi imodzi.
Ndipo mavoliyumu omveka bwino ali mβgulu limodzi.
Koma ... Damn, ndi zaka za zana la 21 kachiwiri. Ndipo ma seva ndi enieni. Palibe zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito kwa iwo njira zomwezo zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakuthupi. Ndipo kwa zenizeni ndizofunika kukhala ndi deta mosiyana ndi dongosolo! Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, makamaka pakutha kusintha mwachangu deta ku makina ena enieni (mwachitsanzo, mukasinthira ku OS yatsopano) komanso pamitundu yonse yazinthu zothandiza (zosungirako zolekanitsa ndi magawo pogwiritsa ntchito zida za hypervisor, mwachitsanzo) . Chifukwa chake, gulu limodzi la voliyumu limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina ndipo linanso limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa data! Kugawanika komveka kumeneku kumathandiza kwambiri m'moyo!
Ngati mudapanga diski imodzi yokha yolimba popanga makina enieni, apa ndipamene kasinthidwe kumathera. Ndipo ngati alipo awiri, ndiye kuti musamalembe chachiwiri.
Tiyeni tiyambe kukhazikitsa.
Pambuyo kukhazikitsa
Chifukwa chake, pulogalamu yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kumene idayambika. Chinthu choyamba muyenera kufufuza ndi Intaneti.
ping ya.ru
Kodi pali yankho? - Chabwino, dinani Ctrl-C.
Ngati sichoncho, pitani mukakhazikitse maukonde, palibe moyo wopanda izi, koma sizomwe nkhani yanga ikunena.
Tsopano ngati sitinakhazikike mizu, khalani pansi pa mizu, chifukwa choyimira zotere kuchuluka kwa malamulo omwe ali ndi sudo adandiphwanya ndekha (ndipo olamulira a paranoid andikhululukire):
sudo -iTsopano chinthu choyamba chimene ife timachita ndi kuyimira
dnf -y updateNdipo ngati mukuwerenga nkhaniyi mu 2019, mwina palibe chomwe chingachitike, koma zinali zoyenera kuyesa.
Tsopano tiyeni tikonze disk yotsala
Tinene kuti kugawa ndi dongosolo kunali xvda, ndiye kuti disk ya data idzakhala xvdb. CHABWINO.
Malangizo ambiri ayamba ndi "Thamangani fdisk ndikupanga magawo ..."
Ndiye izi cholakwika!
Ndizinenanso chifukwa ndizofunika kwambiri! Pankhaniyi, kugwira ntchito ndi LVM, yomwe imakhala ndi disk imodzi yonse, kupanga magawo ake ndikovulaza! Mawu aliwonse m'mawuwa ndi ofunikira. Ngati tigwira ntchito popanda LVM, tiyenera kutero. Ngati tili ndi dongosolo ndi deta pa disk, timafunikira. Ngati pazifukwa zina tifunika kusiya theka la disk opanda kanthu, ifenso tiyenera. Koma nthawi zambiri malingaliro onsewa amakhala ongoyerekeza chabe. Chifukwa ngati tisankha kuwonjezera malo kugawo lomwe lilipo, ndiye kuti njira yosavuta yochitira izi ndi kasinthidwe. Ndipo kuwongolera kosavuta kumaposa zinthu zina zambiri kotero kuti tikupita ku kasinthidwe uku.
Ndipo chosavuta ndichakuti ngati mukufuna kukulitsa magawo a data, mumangowonjezera mipata kugawo laling'ono, ndikukulitsa gululo pogwiritsa ntchito vgextend ndipo ndizomwezo! Nthawi zambiri, chinthu china chingafunike, koma osachepera simudzasowa kukulitsa voliyumu yomveka poyambira, yomwe ili yabwino kale. Kupanda kutero, kuti awonjezere voliyumu iyi, amalimbikitsa choyamba kuchotsa yomwe ilipo, kenako ndikupanga yatsopano pamwamba ... Zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo sizingachitike, koma kukulitsa molingana ndi zomwe ndawonetsa zitha kukhala. kuchitidwa "pa ntchentche" popanda ngakhale kutsitsa gawolo.
Chifukwa chake, timapanga voliyumu yakuthupi, kenako gulu la voliyumu lomwe limaphatikizapo, kenako magawo a seva yathu:
pvcreate /dev/xvdb
vgcreate data /dev/xvdb
lvcreate -n www -L40G data
mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/mapper/data-www
Apa, m'malo mwa chilembo chachikulu "L" (ndi kukula kwa GB), mukhoza kufotokoza kakang'ono, ndiyeno m'malo mwa kukula kwathunthu, tchulani wachibale, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito theka la malo omwe alipo panopa. gulu la voliyumu, muyenera kufotokoza "-l + 50% KWAULERE"
Ndipo lamulo lomaliza limapanga magawano mu fayilo ya ext4 (yomwe mpaka pano, muzochitika zanga, ikuwonetsa kukhazikika kwakukulu ngati chirichonse chisweka, kotero ndimakonda).
Tsopano timayika magawowo pamalo oyenera. Kuti muchite izi, yonjezerani mzere wolondola ku /etc/fstab:
/dev/mapper/data-www /var/www ext4 defaults 1 2Ndipo timayimba
mount /var/wwwNgati cholakwika chichitika, lizani alamu! Chifukwa izi zikutanthauza kuti tili ndi cholakwika mu /etc/fstab. Ndipo kuti pakuyambiranso kotsatira tidzakhala ndi mavuto akulu kwambiri. Dongosolo silingayambe konse, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri pamasewera amtambo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwongolera mwachangu mzere womaliza womwe wawonjezeredwa, kapena kuwuchotsa palimodzi! Ichi ndichifukwa chake sitinalembe mount command pamanja - ndiye kuti sitikanakhala ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wowonera config nthawi yomweyo.
Tsopano timayika zonse zomwe tikufuna ndikutsegula madoko a intaneti:
dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"
dnf -y install httpd @nodejs @redis php
firewall-cmd --add-service http --permanent
firewall-cmd --add-service https --permanent
Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyikanso nkhokwe apa, koma panokha ndimayesetsa kuti ikhale yosiyana ndi seva yapaintaneti. Ngakhale kumusunga pafupi kumathamanga, inde. Kuthamanga kwa ma adapter a netiweki nthawi zambiri kumakhala kozungulira gigabit, ndipo mukamagwira ntchito pamakina omwewo, kuyimba kumachitika nthawi yomweyo. Koma ndizotetezeka pang'ono. Kodi chofunika kwambiri kwa ndani?
Tsopano tikuwonjezera parameter ku fayilo yosinthira (timapanga yatsopano, malingaliro amakono a CentOS ali ngati awa)
echo "vm.overcommit_memory = 1"> /etc/sysctl.d/98-sysctl.conf
Timayambiranso seva.
M'mawu omwe ndinadzudzulidwa chifukwa cholangiza kuti ndizimitsa SeLinux, kotero ndidzikonza ndekha ndikulemba kuti pambuyo pake muyenera kukumbukira kukonza SeLinux.
Kwenikweni, phindu! π
Source: www.habr.com