Chaka chapitacho tinayambitsa mtundu woyeserera wa ntchito yotsatsira .
Poyambirira, ntchitoyi idatchedwa Road-To-Barcelona, ββββkenako idakhala Road-To-Berlin (kotero R2B pazithunzi), ndipo pamapeto pake idatchedwa xRide.
Lingaliro lalikulu la polojekitiyi linali loti: m'malo mokhala ndi galimoto yapakati kapena yobwereketsa njinga zamoto (tikulankhula za njinga zamoto zamagetsi, osati kickscooters / scooters) timafuna kupanga nsanja yobwereketsa. Za zovuta zomwe tidakumana nazo .
Poyamba, polojekitiyi imayang'ana pa magalimoto, koma chifukwa cha nthawi yomalizira, kulankhulana kwautali kwambiri ndi opanga ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zoletsa chitetezo, ma scooters amagetsi anasankhidwa kuti ayendetse.
Wogwiritsa adayika pulogalamu ya iOS kapena Android pa foni, adayandikira scooter yomwe amakonda, pambuyo pake foni ndi scooter zidakhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa anzawo, ETH idasinthidwa ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyambitsa kukwera poyatsa njinga yamoto yovundikira. foni. Pamapeto pa ulendowu, zinali zothekanso kulipira ulendowu pogwiritsa ntchito Ethereum kuchokera ku chikwama cha wogwiritsa ntchito pa foni.
Kuphatikiza pa ma scooters, wogwiritsa ntchito adawona "ma charger anzeru" mu pulogalamuyo, poyendera zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusintha batire yomwe ilipo ngati idali yotsika.
Izi ndizomwe woyendetsa wathu amawonekera, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu Seputembala chaka chatha m'mizinda iwiri yaku Germany: Bonn ndi Berlin.
Ndiyeno, tsiku lina, ku Bonn, m'bandakucha, gulu lathu lothandizira (lomwe lili pamalopo kuti lisungitse ma scooters kuti agwire ntchito) linachenjezedwa: imodzi mwa ma scooters inali itasowa popanda kufufuza.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji ndikubweza?
M'nkhaniyi ndilankhula za izi, koma choyamba - za momwe tidapangira pulatifomu yathu ya IoT ndi momwe tidawonera.
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'anira ndi chiyani: ma scooters, zomangamanga, malo opangira ndalama?
Ndiye tinkafuna kuyang'anira chiyani mu polojekiti yathu?
Choyamba, awa ndi ma scooters okha - ma scooters amagetsi okha ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, simungathe kuyambitsa pulojekiti yotere popanda kukonzekera mokwanira; ngati n'kotheka, mukufuna kusonkhanitsa zambiri momwe mungathere za scooters: za malo awo, mlingo wa malipiro. , ndi zina.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikufuna kuyang'anira momwe zida zathu za IT zilili - nkhokwe, ntchito ndi chilichonse chomwe angafune kuti agwire. Zinalinso zofunikira kuyang'anira momwe ma "smart charger" alili, ngati atasweka kapena kutha mabatire onse.
Ma scooters
Kodi ma scooters athu anali chiyani ndipo timafuna kudziwa chiyani za iwo?
Chinthu choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndi ma GPS ogwirizanitsa, chifukwa chifukwa cha iwo timatha kumvetsetsa kumene ali komanso kumene akuyenda.
Chotsatira ndi mtengo wa batri, zomwe tingathe kudziwa kuti kulipiritsa kwa ma scooters kutha ndikutumiza juicer kapena kuchenjeza wogwiritsa ntchito.
Zachidziwikire, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika ndi zida zathu za Hardware:
- bluetooth imagwira ntchito?
- Kodi module ya GPS imagwira ntchito?
- Tidakhalanso ndi vuto chifukwa GPS imatha kutumiza zolumikizira zolakwika ndikukakamira, ndipo izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi macheke owonjezera pa scooter,
ndipo dziwitsani chithandizo mwamsanga kuti muthetse vutoli
- Tidakhalanso ndi vuto chifukwa GPS imatha kutumiza zolumikizira zolakwika ndikukakamira, ndipo izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi macheke owonjezera pa scooter,
Ndipo pomaliza: cheke pulogalamuyo, kuyambira ndi OS ndi purosesa, network ndi disk katundu, kutha ndi cheke ma module athu omwe ali achindunji kwa ife (, ).
hardware
Kodi mbali yathu ya βchitsuloβ inali yotani?
Poganizira nthawi yayifupi kwambiri komanso kufunikira kwa prototyping mwachangu, tidasankha njira yosavuta kwambiri yopangira ndikusankha zigawo - Raspberry Pi.
Kuphatikiza pa Rpi palokha, tinali ndi bolodi lachizoloΕ΅ezi (lomwe ife tokha tinapanga ndi kulamula kuchokera ku China kuti tifulumizitse msonkhano wa yankho lomaliza) ndi gulu la zigawo - relay (kuyatsa / kuzimitsa scooter), chowerengera cha betri, modemu, tinyanga. Zonsezi zidayikidwa mu bokosi lapadera la "xRide".
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti bokosi lonselo linkayendetsedwa ndi banki yamagetsi yowonjezera, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi batire yaikulu ya scooter.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira ndikuyatsa njinga yamoto yovundikira ngakhale ulendo utatha, popeza batire yayikulu idazimitsidwa atangotembenuza kiyi yoyatsira pamalo "ozimitsa".
Docker? Linux Plain? ndi kutumiza
Tiyeni tibwerere kuwunikira, kotero Raspberry - tili ndi chiyani?
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba zomwe tinkafuna kugwiritsa ntchito kufulumizitsa njira yotumizira, kukonzanso ndi kutumiza zida zakuthupi ndi Docker.
Tsoka ilo, zidadziwika mwachangu kuti Docker pa RPi, ngakhale imagwira ntchito, imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kusiyanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito OS "yachibadwidwe", ngakhale kuti sikunali kolimba, kunali kokwanira kuti tisamale kuti titha kutaya ndalama mwachangu.
Chifukwa chachiwiri chinali chimodzi mwa malaibulale omwe timagwira nawo pa Node.js (sic!) - gawo lokhalo la dongosolo lomwe silinalembedwe mu Go/C/C++.
Olemba laibulale analibe nthawi yoti apereke Baibulo logwira ntchito m'zinenero "zachibadwidwe".
Sikuti mfundo yokhayo si njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zida zotsika, koma laibulale yokhayo inali ndi njala kwambiri.
Tidazindikira kuti, ngakhale titafuna, kugwiritsa ntchito Docker kungakhale chinthu chambiri kwa ife. Kusankha kudapangidwa mokomera OS wamba ndikugwira ntchito molunjika pansi pake.
OS
Zotsatira zake, ife, tinasankhanso njira yosavuta kwambiri monga OS ndikugwiritsa ntchito Raspbian (Debian build for Pi).
Timalemba mapulogalamu athu onse mu Go, kotero tinalembanso gawo lalikulu la hardware mu dongosolo lathu mu Go.
Ndi iye amene ali ndi udindo wogwira ntchito ndi GPS, Bluetooth, kuwerenga mtengo, kuyatsa njinga yamoto yovundikira, etc.
Ikani
Funso lidawuka nthawi yomweyo pakufunika kokhazikitsa njira yoperekera zosintha pazida (OTA) - zosintha zonse kwa wothandizila / pulogalamu yathu yokha, ndi zosintha za OS/firmware yokha (popeza mitundu yatsopano ya wothandizirayo ingafune zosintha pa kernel. kapena zigawo za dongosolo, malaibulale, ndi zina zotero) .
Pambuyo pakuwunika kwanthawi yayitali pamsika, zidapezeka kuti pali njira zambiri zoperekera zosintha pazida.
Kuchokera pazosavuta, zosinthira / zida zapawiri-boot monga swapd/SWUpdate/OSTree kupita kumapulatifomu athunthu monga Mender ndi Balena.
Choyamba, tinaganiza kuti tinali ndi chidwi ndi mayankho omalizira, kotero chisankhocho chinagwera pamapulatifomu.
Iyemwini idachotsedwa chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito Docker yomweyo mkati mwa balenaEngine yake.
Koma ndikuwona kuti ngakhale izi, tidatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awo nthawi zonse kwa flash firmware pamakhadi a SD - chosavuta komanso chothandiza kwambiri pa izi.
Choncho, pamapeto pake chisankho chinagwera . Mender ndi nsanja yathunthu yosonkhanitsa, kutumiza ndi kukhazikitsa firmware.
Ponseponse nsanja ikuwoneka bwino, koma zidatitengera pafupifupi sabata ndi theka kuti tingopanga mtundu wolondola wa firmware yathu pogwiritsa ntchito mender builder.
Ndipo pamene tidadzipereka tokha m'zovuta zakugwiritsa ntchito kwake, m'pamenenso zinawonekeratu kuti kuti tigwiritse ntchito mokwanira tifunika nthawi yochuluka kuposa yomwe tinali nayo.
Tsoka, masiku athu okhwima amatanthauza kuti tinakakamizika kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito Mender ndikusankha yosavuta.
Amatha
Njira yosavuta yothetsera vuto lathu inali kugwiritsa ntchito Ansible. Mabuku angapo amasewera anali okwanira kuti ayambe.
Chofunikira chawo chinali chakuti tidangolumikizana ndi wolandila (CI seva) kudzera pa ssh kupita ku rasberries athu ndikugawana zosintha kwa iwo.
Pachiyambi, zonse zinali zophweka - mumayenera kukhala pa intaneti yomweyo ndi zipangizo, kutsanulira kunachitika kudzera pa Wi-Fi.
Muofesiyo munali ma raspberries oyesa khumi ndi awiri olumikizidwa ndi netiweki yomweyo, chipangizo chilichonse chinali ndi adilesi ya IP yomwe idatchulidwanso mu Ansible Inventory.
Zinali za Ansible zomwe zidapereka wothandizira athu ku zida zomaliza
3G / LTE
Tsoka ilo, njira yogwiritsira ntchito iyi ya Ansible imatha kugwira ntchito pachitukuko tisanakhale ndi ma scooters enieni.
Chifukwa ma scooters, monga mukumvetsetsa, sakhala olumikizidwa ndi rauta imodzi ya Wi-Fi, kudikirira nthawi zonse zosintha pamaneti.
Zowona, ma scooters sangakhale ndi kulumikizana kulikonse kupatula mafoni a 3G/LTE (ndipo ngakhale nthawi zonse).
Izi nthawi yomweyo zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri ndi zolepheretsa, monga kuthamanga kwachangu komanso kulumikizana kosakhazikika.
Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti mu 3G/LTE network sitingangodalira IP static yoperekedwa ku netiweki.
Izi zimathetsedwa pang'ono ndi ena opereka SIM khadi; palinso ma SIM makhadi apadera opangidwira zida za IoT zokhala ndi ma adilesi a IP osasunthika. Koma tinalibe mwayi wopeza SIM makadi oterowo ndipo sitinathe kugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a IP.
Zoonadi, panali malingaliro ochita mtundu wina wa kulembetsa ma adilesi a IP akapeza ntchito kwinakwake ngati Consul, koma tidayenera kusiya malingaliro otere, popeza mu mayeso athu adilesi ya IP imatha kusintha nthawi zambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kusakhazikika kwakukulu.
Pazifukwa izi, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri popereka ma metric sikungakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kukoka, komwe tingapite ku zida zama metric ofunikira, koma kukankha, kupereka ma metric kuchokera pa chipangizochi kupita ku seva.
VPN
Monga njira yothetsera vutoli, tinasankha VPN - makamaka .
Makasitomala (ma scooters) kumayambiriro kwa dongosolo lolumikizidwa ndi seva ya VPN ndipo adatha kulumikizana nawo. Njirayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zosintha.
Mwachidziwitso, msewu womwewo ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira, koma kulumikizana koteroko kunali kovuta komanso kosadalirika kuposa kukankha kosavuta.
Zida zamtambo
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mautumiki athu amtambo ndi nkhokwe, popeza timagwiritsa ntchito Kubernetes kwa iwo, kotero kuti kuyika kuwunika mumagulu ndikosavuta momwe tingathere. Chabwino, kugwiritsa ntchito , popeza kutumizidwa, timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ndipo, zowona, kuti muwunikire mtambo muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho omwewo ngati ma scooters okha.
Kupatsidwa
Phew, zikuwoneka kuti takonza malongosoledwewo, tiyeni tipange mndandanda wazomwe timafunikira pamapeto pake:
- Yankho lachangu, popeza kuyang'anira ndikofunikira kale panthawi yachitukuko
- Voliyumu / kuchuluka - ma metric ambiri amafunikira
- Kutolera zolembalemba ndikofunikira
- Kudalirika - zambiri ndizofunikira kuti muyambitse bwino
- Simungagwiritse ntchito chikoka - muyenera kukankha
- Timafunikira kuwunika kogwirizana kwa zida zokha, komanso mtambo
Chithunzi chomaliza chinkawoneka chonchi
Kusankha kwa stack
Kotero, tinayang'anizana ndi funso losankha stack yowunikira.
Choyamba, tinali kuyang'ana njira yothetsera zonse-mu-imodzi yomwe ingakwaniritse zofunikira zathu zonse, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo kukhala yosinthika mokwanira kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zathu. Komabe, tinali ndi zoletsa zambiri zomwe zidatiyikira ndi hardware, zomangamanga ndi nthawi zomalizira.
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira, kuyambira ndi machitidwe athunthu ngati , kapena ndikumaliza ndi mayankho okonzeka okonzekera Fleet management.
Poyambirira, zotsirizirazi zinkawoneka ngati yankho labwino kwa ife, koma ena analibe kuyang'anitsitsa kwathunthu, ena anali ndi mphamvu zochepa za matembenuzidwe aulere, ndipo ena sankaphimba "zofuna" zathu kapena sanali osinthika mokwanira kuti agwirizane ndi zochitika zathu. Zina ndi zachikale basi.
Titasanthula njira zingapo zofananira, tinafika pozindikira kuti zingakhale zosavuta komanso zofulumira kupanga tokha tokha. Inde, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuyika ndondomeko yokonzekera Fleet yokonzekera, koma sitidzayenera kusokoneza.
Pafupifupi, pamayankho ambiri, pali kale lomwe lapangidwa kale lomwe lingatigwirizane ndi ife, koma kwa ife zinali zofulumira kwambiri kusonkhanitsa tokha tokha ndikuzisintha "zathu" m'malo mwathu. kuyesa zinthu zopangidwa kale.
Ndi zonsezi, sitinayesetse kusonkhanitsa gulu lonse loyang'anira tokha, koma tinali kuyang'ana milu "yokonzeka" yogwira ntchito kwambiri, ndikutha kuzikonza mosavuta.
(B) ELK?
Yankho loyamba lomwe linkaganiziridwa kwenikweni linali lodziwika bwino la ELK stack.
Ndipotu, iyenera kutchedwa BELK, chifukwa zonse zimayamba ndi Beats -
Zachidziwikire, ELK ndi imodzi mwamayankho odziwika komanso amphamvu pantchito yowunikira, komanso makamaka pakutolera ndi kukonza zipika.
Tinkafuna kuti ELK idzagwiritsidwe ntchito kusonkhanitsa zipika komanso kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwazitsulo zotengedwa ku Prometheus.
Kuti muwone, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Grafan.
M'malo mwake, stack yatsopano ya ELK imatha kusonkhanitsa ma metric pawokha (metricbeat), ndipo Kibana amathanso kuwawonetsa.
Komabe, ELK poyambilira idakula kuchokera pamitengo ndipo mpaka pano magwiridwe antchito a ma metric ali ndi zovuta zingapo:
- Mochedwa kwambiri kuposa Prometheus
- Zimaphatikizidwa m'malo ochepa kwambiri kuposa Prometheus
- Ndizovuta kukhazikitsa zidziwitso kwa iwo
- Ma metrics amatenga malo ambiri
- Kukhazikitsa ma dashboard okhala ndi ma metrics ku Kiban ndikovuta kwambiri kuposa ku Grafan
Nthawi zambiri, ma metrics mu ELK ndi olemetsa ndipo sali osavuta monga momwe amayankhira, omwe tsopano ali ochulukirapo kuposa Prometheus: TSDB, Victoria Metrics, Cortex, ndi zina. Zachidziwikire, ndikufuna kukhala ndi yankho lathunthu nthawi yomweyo, koma pankhani ya metricbeat panali zosagwirizana zambiri.
Ndipo ELK stack palokha imakhala ndi nthawi zovuta zingapo:
- Ndilolemera, nthawi zina ngakhale lolemera kwambiri ngati musonkhanitsa deta yochuluka kwambiri
- Muyenera "kudziwa kuphika" - muyenera kukulitsa, koma izi sizovuta kuchita
- Mtundu waulere - mtundu waulere ulibe chenjezo labwinobwino, ndipo panthawi yosankhidwa panalibe kutsimikizika.
Ndiyenera kunena kuti posachedwapa mfundo yomaliza yakhala yabwino komanso yowonjezera (kuphatikiza kutsimikizika) mtundu wamitengo womwewo unayamba kusintha.
Koma panthawi yomwe timatumiza yankho ili, panalibe kuchenjeza konse.
Mwina tikadayesa kupanga china chake pogwiritsa ntchito ElastAlert kapena mayankho ena ammudzi, komabe tinaganiza zoganizira njira zina.
Loki - Grafana - Prometheus
Pakadali pano, yankho labwino litha kukhala kupanga zowunikira zomwe zimangotengera Prometheus monga wopereka ma metrics, Loki pazipika, ndikuwona mungagwiritse ntchito Grafana yemweyo.
Tsoka ilo, pa nthawi yoyambira oyendetsa ntchitoyo (September-October 19), Loki adakali mu beta version 0.3-0.4, ndipo pa nthawi yoyambira chitukuko sichingaganizidwe ngati njira yothetsera vutoli. konse.
Sindinadziwebe kugwiritsa ntchito Loki m'mapulojekiti akuluakulu, koma ndinganene kuti Promtail (wothandizira kusonkhanitsa zipika) amagwira ntchito bwino pazitsulo zopanda kanthu komanso ma pod mu kubernetes.
TIKANI
Mwina njira yoyenera kwambiri (yokhayo?) yopezeka kwathunthu ku stack ya ELK tsopano ingotchedwa TICK stack - Telegraf, InfluxDB, Chronograf, Kapacitor.
Ndifotokozera zigawo zonse pansipa mwatsatanetsatane, koma lingaliro lonse ndi ili:
- Telegraf - wothandizira kutolera ma metric
- InfluxDB - metrics database
- Kapacitor - purosesa ya metrics yeniyeni yochenjeza
- Chronograf - gulu lapaintaneti lowonera
Kwa InfluxDB, Kapacitor ndi Chronograf pali ma chart ovomerezeka omwe tinkawatumizira.
Dziwani kuti mu mtundu waposachedwa wa Influx 2.0 (beta), Kapacitor ndi Chronograf adakhala gawo la InfluxDB ndipo palibenso padera.
Telegraph
ndi wothandizira wopepuka kwambiri wotolera ma metrics pamakina aboma.
Iye akhoza kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chirichonse, kuchokera mpaka
Seva .
Ili ndi zabwino zingapo zabwino:
- Zofulumira komanso zopepuka (zolembedwa mu Go)
- Amadya ndalama zochepa
- Kankhani metrics mwachikhazikitso
- Imasonkhanitsa ma metric onse ofunikira
- Ma metric adongosolo popanda zoikamo zilizonse
- Ma metric a Hardware monga zambiri kuchokera ku masensa
- Ndizosavuta kuwonjezera ma metrics anu
- Mapulagini ambiri kunja kwa bokosi
- Amasonkhanitsa zipika
Popeza ma metric okankhira anali ofunikira kwa ife, maubwino ena onse anali ochulukirapo kuposa kuwonjezera kosangalatsa.
Kusonkhanitsa zipika ndi wothandizirayo ndikosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa palibe chifukwa cholumikizira zida zowonjezera zodula mitengo.
Influx imapereka chidziwitso chosavuta kwambiri chogwirira ntchito ndi zipika ngati mugwiritsa ntchito .
Telegraf nthawi zambiri imakhala wothandizira kwambiri pakutolera ma metric, ngakhale simugwiritsa ntchito zotsala za ICK.
Anthu ambiri amawoloka ndi ELK ndi nkhokwe zina zingapo zanthawi kuti zitheke, chifukwa zimatha kulemba ma metric pafupifupi kulikonse.
InfluxDB
InfluxDB ndiye pachimake pa stack ya TICK, yomwe ndi nkhokwe yanthawi yayitali yama metric.
Kuphatikiza pa ma metrics, Influx imathanso kusunga zipika, ngakhale, kwenikweni, zipika zake zimangokhala zofananira, m'malo mwazowonetsa manambala wamba, ntchito yayikulu imachitika ndi mzere wa zolemba.
InfluxDB idalembedwanso mu Go ndipo ikuwoneka kuti ikuyenda mwachangu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ELK pagulu lathu (osati lamphamvu kwambiri).
Ubwino umodzi wosangalatsa wa Influx ungaphatikizeponso API yabwino komanso yolemera pamafunso a data, yomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito mwachangu.
Zoyipa - $$$ kapena makulitsidwe?
Zolemba za TICK zili ndi cholembera chimodzi chokha chomwe tidapeza - icho wokondedwa. Zochulukirapo.
Kodi mtundu wolipira uli ndi chiyani chomwe mtundu waulere ulibe?
Momwe tidatha kumvetsetsa, kusiyana kokha pakati pa mtundu wolipiridwa wa TICK stack ndi waulere ndi kuthekera kokweza.
Mwakutero, mutha kukweza gulu lomwe lili ndi kupezeka Kwapamwamba kokha mkati .
Ngati mukufuna HA zonse, muyenera kulipira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo. Pali mayankho angapo ammudzi - mwachitsanzo zikuwoneka ngati yankho loyenera, koma zalembedwa kuti sizoyenera kupanga, komanso
- yankho losavuta ndi kupopera deta kudzera mu NATS (iyeneranso kuchepetsedwa, koma izi zikhoza kuthetsedwa).
Ndizomvetsa chisoni, koma onse awiri akuwoneka kuti asiyidwa - palibe zomwe zachitika posachedwa, ndikuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ndi yomwe ikuyembekezeka kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu watsopano wa Influx 2.0, momwe zinthu zambiri zikhala zosiyana (palibe chidziwitso kuwonjezera pamenepo).
Mwalamulo pali mtundu waulere - M'malo mwake, iyi ndi HA yakale, koma kudzera mu kusanja,
popeza zonse zidzalembedwa ku zochitika zonse za InfluxDB kuseri kwa zolemetsa zolemetsa.
Ali ndi zina monga mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi mfundo zolembera komanso kufunika kopangira ma metrics pasadakhale
(zomwe zimachitika zokha mukamagwira ntchito wamba ndi InfluxDB).
Komanso , izi zikutanthawuza kuwonjezereka kwa ma metrics obwereza (onse okonza ndi kusunga) omwe simungawafune, koma palibe njira yowalekanitsira.
Victoria Metrics?
Chotsatira chake, ngakhale kuti tinali okhutira kwathunthu ndi stack ya TICK mu chirichonse kupatulapo malipiro olipidwa, tinaganiza zowona ngati pali njira zaulere zomwe zingalowe m'malo mwa InfluxDB database, ndikusiya zigawo zotsalira za T_CK.
Pali nkhokwe zambiri zotsatizana ndi nthawi, koma yodalirika kwambiri ndi Victoria Metrics, ili ndi zabwino zingapo:
- Fast ndi zosavuta, osachepera malinga ndi zotsatira
- Pali gulu lamagulu, lomwe palinso ndemanga zabwino tsopano
- Iye akhoza kumeta
- Imathandizira InfluxDB protocol
Sitinafune kupanga zotengera za Victoria ndipo chiyembekezo chachikulu chinali choti titha kugwiritsa ntchito ngati cholowa m'malo mwa InfluxDB.
Tsoka ilo, izi sizingatheke, ngakhale kuti InfluxDB protocol imathandizidwa, imangogwira ntchito yojambulira ma metrics - ndi Prometheus API yokha yomwe imapezeka "kunja", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizingatheke kukhazikitsa Chronograf pa izo.
Kuphatikiza apo, manambala okha ndi omwe amathandizidwa pama metrics (tinagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zama metrics - zambiri pazomwe zili mugawoli. ).
Mwachiwonekere, pazifukwa zomwezo, VM singasungire zipika monga Influx imachitira.
Komanso, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti panthawi yomwe akufunafuna yankho labwino kwambiri, Victoria Metrics anali asanatchuke kwambiri, zolembazo zinali zochepa kwambiri ndipo magwiridwe antchito anali ofooka.
(Sindikukumbukira tsatanetsatane wa mtundu wa masango ndi sharding).
Kusankha maziko
Zotsatira zake, zidaganiziridwa kuti kwa woyendetsa ndege tikhalabe ndi node imodzi ya InfluxDB.
Panali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zopangira chisankho ichi:
- Tidakonda kwambiri magwiridwe antchito onse a TICK stack
- Tidakwanitsa kale kuyiyika ndipo idachita bwino
- Masiku omalizira anali akutha ndipo panalibe nthawi yochuluka yotsalira kuyesa njira zina.
- Sitinayembekezere katundu wolemera chotero
Tinalibe ma scooter ambiri pa gawo loyamba la woyendetsa, ndipo kuyesa panthawi ya chitukuko sikunawonetse zovuta zilizonse zomwe zimachitika.
Chifukwa chake, tidaganiza kuti pulojekitiyi imodzi ya Influx node ikhala yokwanira kwa ife popanda kufunikira kokulitsa (onani zomaliza kumapeto).
Tasankha pa stack ndi maziko - tsopano za zigawo zotsalira za TICK stack.
Kapacitor
Kapacitor ndi gawo la TICK stack, ntchito yomwe imatha kuyang'anira ma metric omwe akulowa mu database mu nthawi yeniyeni ndikuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana potengera malamulo.
Kawirikawiri, imayikidwa ngati chida chothandizira kufufuza molakwika ndi kuphunzira pamakina (sindikutsimikiza kuti ntchitozi zikufunika), koma nkhani yotchuka kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ndizofala - kuchenjeza.
Umu ndi momwe tinagwiritsira ntchito zidziwitso. Tidakhazikitsa zidziwitso za Slack pomwe scooter ina ikakhala pa intaneti, zomwezo zidachitikanso ndi ma charger anzeru ndi zida zofunika zanyumba.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti athe kuyankha mwachangu mavuto, komanso kulandira zidziwitso kuti zonse zabwerera mwakale.
Chitsanzo chosavuta: batire yowonjezera kuti tigwiritse ntchito "bokosi" lathu lawonongeka kapena pazifukwa zina latha mphamvu; pongoyika yatsopano, patapita kanthawi tiyenera kulandira chidziwitso kuti ntchito ya scooter yabwezeretsedwa.
Mu Influx 2.0 Kapacitor adakhala gawo la DB
Chronograph
Ndawona mayankho osiyanasiyana a UI owunikira, koma ndinganene kuti potengera magwiridwe antchito ndi UX, palibe chofanana ndi Chronograf.
Tidayamba kugwiritsa ntchito stack ya TICK, modabwitsa, ndi Grafan ngati mawonekedwe a intaneti.
Sindidzafotokozera magwiridwe ake; aliyense amadziwa kuthekera kwake kokhazikitsa chilichonse.
Komabe, Grafana akadali chida chapadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe Chronograf idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Influx.
Ndipo, zowona, chifukwa cha izi, Chronograf imatha kuchita mwanzeru kwambiri kapena yosavuta.
Mwina chothandizira chachikulu chogwira ntchito ndi Chronograf ndikuti mutha kuwona zamkati mwa InfluxDB yanu kudzera mu Explore.
Zikuwoneka kuti Grafana ali ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana, koma kwenikweni, kukhazikitsa dashboard ku Chronograf kumatha kuchitika ndikudina pang'ono mbewa (nthawi yomweyo mukuyang'ana zowonera pamenepo), pomwe ku Grafana mudzakhala posachedwa kapena mtsogolo. kuti musinthe kasinthidwe ka JSON (ndithu Chronograf imalola kukweza ma dashas opangidwa ndi manja ndi kuwasintha ngati JSON ngati kuli kofunikira - koma sindinawagwire nditawapanga pa UI).
Kibana ali ndi luso lolemera kwambiri lopangira ma dashboards ndi zowongolera, koma UX pazochitika zoterezi ndizovuta kwambiri.
Padzafunika kumvetsetsa bwino kuti mupange dashboard yabwino. Ndipo ngakhale magwiridwe antchito a Chronograf dashboards ndiocheperako, kupanga ndikusintha mwamakonda ndikosavuta.
Ma dashboard okha, kupatula mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, sali osiyana ndi ma dashboard aku Grafana kapena Kibana:
Izi ndi zomwe zenera lafunso limawonekera:
Ndikofunikira kudziwa, mwa zina, kuti kudziwa mitundu ya minda mu nkhokwe ya InfluxDB, chronograph yokha nthawi zina imatha kukuthandizani polemba Funso kapena kusankha ntchito yoyenera yophatikiza ngati tanthauzo.
Ndipo zowonadi, Chronograf ndiyosavuta momwe mungathere kuti muwone zipika. Zikuwoneka motere:
Mwachikhazikitso, zipika za Influx zimapangidwira kuti zigwiritse ntchito syslog ndipo chifukwa chake zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira - kuuma.
Grafu yomwe ili pamwamba ndiyothandiza kwambiri; pamenepo mutha kuwona zolakwika zomwe zimachitika ndipo mtunduwo ukuwonetsa bwino ngati kuuma kwake kuli kokulirapo.
Kangapo tidagwira nsikidzi zofunika motere, kupita kukawona zipika sabata yatha ndikuwona chokwera chofiira.
Zachidziwikire, kukanakhala kukhazikitsa zidziwitso za zolakwika zotere, popeza tinali nazo kale zonse za izi.
Tidayatsa izi kwakanthawi, koma pokonzekera woyendetsa zidapezeka kuti tikupeza zolakwika zambiri (kuphatikiza machitidwe monga kusapezeka kwa netiweki ya LTE), yomwe "idasokoneza" njira ya Slack nayonso. zambiri, popanda kubweretsa vuto lililonse.
Yankho lolondola lingakhale kuthana ndi zolakwika zambiri zamtunduwu, kusintha kuuma kwawo, kenako ndikuyambitsa kuchenjeza.
Mwanjira iyi, zolakwika zatsopano kapena zofunika zokha zikanatumizidwa ku Slack. Panalibe nthawi yokwanira yokonzekera kotereku chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali.
Kutsimikizika
Ndizoyeneranso kutchula kuti Chronograf imathandizira OAuth ndi OIDC ngati kutsimikizika.
Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa zimakulolani kuti muphatikize mosavuta ku seva yanu ndikupanga SSO yathunthu.
Kwa ife, seva inali - idagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza kuwunikira, koma seva yomweyo idagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutsimikizira ma scooters ndi zopempha kumapeto kwa kumbuyo.
"Admin"
Chigawo chomaliza chomwe ndifotokoze ndi "gulu lathu la admin" lodzilemba tokha ku Vue.
Kwenikweni ndi ntchito yoyima yokha yomwe imawonetsa zambiri za scooter kuchokera ku database yathu, ma microservices, ndi data ya metrics kuchokera ku InfluxDB nthawi imodzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zambiri zoyang'anira zidasunthidwa pamenepo, monga kuyambiranso mwadzidzidzi kapena kutsegula loko patali kwa gulu lothandizira.
Panalinso mapu. Ndanena kale kuti tidayamba ndi Grafana m'malo mwa Chronograf - chifukwa mamapu a Grafana amapezeka ngati mapulagini, pomwe titha kuwona ma scooters. Tsoka ilo, kuthekera kwa ma widget a mapu a Grafana ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake, zinali zosavuta kulemba pulogalamu yanu yapaintaneti ndi mamapu m'masiku ochepa, kuti musamangowona zolumikizira panthawiyo, komanso kuwonetsa. njira yotengedwa ndi njinga yamoto yovundikira, kutha kusefa zomwe zili pamapu, ndi zina zotero (zonse zomwe sitingathe kuzikonza mu dashboard yosavuta).
Chimodzi mwazabwino zomwe zatchulidwa kale za Influx ndikutha kupanga ma metric anu mosavuta.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Tidayesa kujambula zidziwitso zonse zofunika pamenepo: kuchuluka kwa batri, malo otsekera, magwiridwe antchito a sensor, bluetooth, GPS, ndi macheke ena ambiri azaumoyo.
Tidawonetsa zonsezi pagulu la admin.
Zachidziwikire, chofunikira kwambiri kwa ife chinali momwe scooter imagwirira ntchito - kwenikweni, Influx imayang'ana izi ndikuziwonetsa ndi "magetsi obiriwira" mu gawo la Nodes.
Izi zimachitidwa ndi ntchito - tidagwiritsa ntchito kuti timvetsetse momwe bokosi lathu limagwirira ntchito ndikutumiza zidziwitso zomwezo ku Slack.
Mwa njira, tidatchula ma scooters pambuyo pa mayina a zilembo za The Simpsons - zinali zosavuta kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake.
Ndipo zambiri zinali zosangalatsa motere. Mawu ngati "Guys, Smithers wamwalira!" Amamveka nthawi zonse.
Zingwe zoyezera
Ndikofunikira kuti InfluxDB ikupatseni mwayi wosunga manambala okha, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi Victoria Metrics.
Zikuwoneka kuti izi sizofunika kwambiri - pambuyo pake, kupatula mitengo, ma metric aliwonse amatha kusungidwa ngati manambala (ingowonjezerani mapu a mayiko odziwika - mtundu wa enum)?
Kwa ife, panali chochitika chimodzi pomwe ma metric a zingwe anali othandiza kwambiri.
Zinangochitika kuti wogulitsa "majaja anzeru" athu anali gulu lachitatu, tinalibe ulamuliro pa chitukuko ndi chidziwitso chomwe ma charger awa angapereke.
Zotsatira zake, API yolipiritsa sinali yabwino, koma vuto lalikulu linali loti sitingathe kumvetsetsa dziko lawo nthawi zonse.
Apa ndipamene Influx idabwera kudzapulumutsa. Tidangolemba zingwe zomwe zidabwera kwa ife ku InfluxDB database popanda kusintha.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, zikhalidwe monga "paintaneti" ndi "zopanda intaneti" zidafika pamenepo, kutengera zomwe zidawonetsedwa pagulu lathu la oyang'anira, ndipo zidziwitso zidatumizidwa kwa Slack. Komabe, panthawi ina, zikhalidwe ngati "zolumikizidwa" zidayambanso kuwonekera pamenepo.
Monga momwe zinakhalira pambuyo pake, chikhalidwechi chinatumizidwa kamodzi kugwirizanako kutayika, ngati chojambulira sichikanatha kukhazikitsa kugwirizana ndi seva pambuyo pa kuyesa kwina.
Chifukwa chake, ngati tingogwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zokhazikika, mwina sitingawone kusintha kumeneku mu firmware panthawi yoyenera.
Ndipo zambiri, ma metric a zingwe amapereka mwayi wochulukirapo wogwiritsa ntchito; mutha kujambula chilichonse mwa iwo. Ngakhale, ndithudi, muyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mosamala.
Kuphatikiza pa ma metric wanthawi zonse, tidajambulanso zambiri za GPS ku InfluxDB. Izi zinali zothandiza kwambiri pakuwunika komwe kuli ma scooters mu gulu lathu la admin.
M'malo mwake, nthawi zonse timadziwa komwe ndi scooter inali panthawi yomwe timafunikira.
Izi zinali zothandiza kwambiri kwa ife tikamafunafuna scooter (onani zomaliza kumapeto).
Kuyang'anira zomangamanga
Kuphatikiza pa ma scooters okha, tinkafunikanso kuyang'anira zida zathu zonse (zokulirapo).
Zomangamanga wamba kwambiri zimawoneka motere:
Ngati tiwonetsa stack yowunikira bwino, zikuwoneka motere:
Zomwe tikufuna kuyang'ana mumtambo ndi:
- Mazenera
- chikhomo
- Microservices
Popeza ntchito zathu zonse zamtambo zili ku Kubernetes, zingakhale bwino kusonkhanitsa zambiri za dziko lake.
Mwamwayi, Telegraf kuchokera m'bokosiyo imatha kusonkhanitsa ma metric ambiri okhudza dera la Kubernetes, ndipo Chronograf nthawi yomweyo imapereka ma dashboard okongola pa izi.
Timayang'anira kwambiri momwe ma pod ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito amakumbukiro. Kugwa, zidziwitso ku Slack.
Pali njira ziwiri zotsata ma pod ku Kubernetes: DaemonSet ndi Sidecar.
Njira zonsezi zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane .
Tidagwiritsa ntchito Telegraf Sidecar ndipo, kuwonjezera pa ma metrics, tidasonkhanitsa zipika za pod.
Mβmalo mwathu, tinkafunika kutchera khutu ndi zipika. Ngakhale Telegraf imatha kukoka zipika kuchokera ku Docker API, tinkafuna kukhala ndi zolemba zofananira ndi zida zathu zomaliza ndikukonza syslog ya zotengera izi. Mwinamwake yankho ili silinali lokongola, koma panalibe zodandaula za ntchito yake ndipo zipika zinawonetsedwa bwino ku Chronograf.
Kuyang'anira kuyang'anira ???
Pamapeto pake, funso lachikale la machitidwe oyang'anira polojekiti lidawuka, koma mwamwayi, kapena mwatsoka, tinalibe nthawi yokwanira ya izi.
Ngakhale Telegraf imatha kutumiza ma metric ake mosavuta kapena kutolera ma metric kuchokera ku database ya InfluxDB kuti itumize ku Influx yomweyi kapena kwina.
anapezazo
Kodi tapeza mfundo zotani kuchokera ku zotsatira za woyendetsa ndegeyo?
Kodi mungapange bwanji polojekiti?
Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa TICK kunakwaniritsa zomwe tikuyembekezera ndipo kunatipatsa mwayi wochulukirapo kuposa zomwe tinkayembekezera poyamba.
Zochita zonse zomwe timafunikira zinalipo. Chilichonse chomwe tidachita nawo chidagwira ntchito popanda zovuta.
Kukonzekera
Vuto lalikulu ndi TICK stack mu mtundu waulere ndikusowa kwa makulitsidwe. Ili silinali vuto kwa ife.
Sitinasonkhanitse kuchuluka kwa katundu/ziwerengero, koma tidasonkhanitsa deta kuchokera ku ma scooter pafupifupi 30 nthawi imodzi.
Aliyense wa iwo adasonkhanitsa ma metrics opitilira khumi ndi atatu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zipika zochokera ku zipangizozo zinasonkhanitsidwa. Kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kutumiza kunachitika pamasekondi khumi aliwonse.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti patatha sabata limodzi ndi theka la woyendetsa ndegeyo, pamene zambiri za "vuto laubwana" zinakonzedwa ndipo mavuto ofunika kwambiri anali atathetsedwa kale, tinayenera kuchepetsa nthawi yotumiza deta ku seva kuti tipewe mavuto. 30 masekondi. Izi zidakhala zofunikira chifukwa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pama SIM makadi athu a LTE kudayamba kutha msanga.
Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kudadyedwa ndi zipika; ma metric omwewo, ngakhale ndi mphindi 10, sanawononge.
Chotsatira chake, patapita nthawi tinazimitsa kwathunthu kusonkhanitsa zipika pazida, popeza zovuta zenizeni zinali zoonekeratu ngakhale popanda kusonkhanitsa nthawi zonse.
Nthawi zina, ngati kuwona zipika kunali kofunikira, timangolumikizana kudzera pa WireGuard kudzera VPN.
Ndiwonjezanso kuti chilengedwe chilichonse chosiyana chinali cholekanitsidwa, ndipo katundu wofotokozedwa pamwambapa anali wofunikira kokha kwa malo opangira.
M'malo otukuka, tidakweza chitsanzo cha InfluxDB chosiyana chomwe chimapitilira kusonkhanitsa deta masekondi 10 aliwonse ndipo sitinakumane ndi zovuta zilizonse.
TICK - yabwino pamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati
Kutengera chidziwitsochi, ndinganene kuti TICK stack ndiyabwino pamapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono kapena ma projekiti omwe sayembekezera HighLoad iliyonse.
Ngati mulibe masauzande ambiri a ma pod kapena makina mazana, ngakhale chitsanzo chimodzi cha InfluxDB chikhoza kuthana ndi katunduyo bwino.
Nthawi zina, mutha kukhutitsidwa ndi Influx Relay ngati yankho lakale la Kupezeka Kwapamwamba.
Ndipo, zowona, palibe amene akukulepheretsani kukhazikitsa "molunjika" ndikungogawa ma seva osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ngati simukutsimikiza za katundu woyembekezeka pa ntchito zowunikira, kapena mukutsimikiziridwa kukhala/mudzakhala ndi zomanga "zolemera" kwambiri, sindingalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu waulere wa TICK stack.
Inde, njira yosavuta ndiyo kugula - koma pano sindingathe kuyankha mwanjira ina, popeza ine sindikudziwa zobisika. Kupatulapo kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo ndithudi si oyenera makampani ang'onoang'ono.
Pankhaniyi, lero, ndingalimbikitse kuyang'ana kusonkhanitsa ma metrics kudzera pa Victoria Metrics ndi matabwa pogwiritsa ntchito Loki.
Zowona, ndikusungitsanso kuti Loki/Grafana ndiwosavuta (chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo) kuposa TICK yopangidwa kale, koma ndi yaulere.
chofunika: zidziwitso zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pano ndizofunikira pa mtundu wa Influx 1.8, pakadali pano Influx 2.0 yatsala pang'ono kutulutsidwa.
Ngakhale kuti sindinakhalepo ndi mwayi woyesera muzochitika zankhondo ndipo ndizovuta kulingalira za kusintha, mawonekedwewo akhala bwino kwambiri, zomangamanga zakhala zosavuta (popanda kapacitor ndi chronograf),
ma tempulo adawonekera ("chinthu chakupha" - ). Koma, mwatsoka, pakadali pano, mtundu wa 2 ulibe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe tidasankha mtundu woyamba - palibe chosonkhanitsira chipika.
Izi ziwonekanso mu Influx 2.0, koma sitinapeze masiku omalizira, ngakhale ongoyerekeza.
Momwe mungapangire nsanja za IoT (tsopano)
Pamapeto pake, titayambitsa woyendetsa ndegeyo, ife tokha tinasonkhanitsa zida zathu zonse za IoT, kulibe njira ina yoyenera malinga ndi miyezo yathu.
Komabe, posachedwa ikupezeka mu mtundu wa Beta - ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti panalibe pomwe tidayamba kupanga ntchitoyi.
Ndife okhutitsidwa kwathunthu ndi zotsatira zomaliza komanso nsanja yozikidwa pa Ansible + TICK + WireGuard yomwe tidadzisonkhanitsa tokha. Koma lero, ndikupangira kuyang'anitsitsa Balena musanayese kumanga nsanja yanu ya IoT nokha.
Chifukwa pamapeto pake imatha kuchita zambiri zomwe tidachita, ndipo OpenBalena ndi yaulere komanso yotseguka.
Imadziwa kale momwe ingatumizire zosintha zokha, komanso VPN idamangidwa kale ndikukonzedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ku IoT.
Ndipo posachedwapa, iwo ngakhale anamasula awo , zomwe zimalumikizana mosavuta ndi chilengedwe chawo.
Hei, nanga bwanji scooter yomwe ikusowa?
Choncho njinga yamoto yovundikira "Ralph" mbisoweka popanda kufufuza.
Nthawi yomweyo tinathamanga kukayang'ana mapu mu "admin panel" yathu, yokhala ndi data ya GPS yochokera ku InfluxDB.
Chifukwa cha kuyang'anira deta, tinatsimikiza mosavuta kuti scooter inachoka pamalo oimika magalimoto cha m'ma 21:00 tsiku latha, idayendetsa pafupifupi theka la ola kupita kumalo ena ndipo inayimitsidwa mpaka 5 koloko pafupi ndi nyumba ina ya ku Germany.
Pambuyo pa 5 koloko m'mawa, palibe deta yowunikira yomwe idalandiridwa-izi zikutanthauza kuti batire yowonjezera idatulutsidwa, kapena wowukirayo adazindikira momwe angachotsere zida zanzeru pa scooter.
Ngakhale izi zinali choncho, apolisi adaitanidwabe ku adiresi yomwe panali scooter. njinga yamoto yovundikira kunalibe.
Komabe, mwini nyumbayo adadabwanso ndi izi, popeza adakweradi njinga iyi kunyumba kuchokera kuofesi usiku watha.
Zinapezeka kuti m'modzi mwa ogwira nawo ntchito adafika m'mawa kwambiri ndikunyamula scooter, ataona kuti batire yake yowonjezera idatulutsidwa kwathunthu ndikuitengera (wapansi) kupita kumalo oimika magalimoto. Ndipo batire yowonjezera inalephera chifukwa cha chinyezi.
Tinadzibera tokha njingayo. Mwa njira, sindikudziwa kuti ndi ndani komanso ndani adathetsa nkhaniyi ndi mlandu wa apolisi, koma kuyang'anira kunagwira ntchito bwino ...
Source: www.habr.com