M'nkhani zam'mbuyomu, tawona kale kuti IdM ndi chiyani, momwe mungamvetsetse ngati bungwe lanu likufuna dongosolo loterolo, ndi ntchito ziti zomwe limathetsa, komanso momwe mungavomerezere bajeti yoyendetsera kasamalidwe. Lero tikambirana za magawo ofunikira omwe bungwe lenilenilo liyenera kudutsamo kuti lifike pamlingo woyenera wa kukhwima musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la IdM. Kupatula apo, IdM idapangidwa kuti izingopanga zokha, ndipo ndizosatheka kupanga chisokonezo.
Mpaka pomwe kampani ikukula mpaka kukula kwa bizinesi yayikulu ndikudziunjikira mabizinesi osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri saganiza zowongolera mwayi wopezeka. Choncho, njira zopezera ufulu ndi kulamulira mphamvu mkati mwake sizinapangidwe ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzifufuza. Ogwira ntchito amadzaza mafomu ofunsira momwe angafunire, njira yovomerezeranso sinakhazikitsidwe, ndipo nthawi zina kulibe. Ndizosatheka kudziwa mwachangu zomwe wogwira ntchito ali nazo, yemwe adazivomereza komanso pazifukwa ziti.
Poganizira kuti njira yopezera zodziwikiratu imakhudza mbali ziwiri zazikulu - deta ya ogwira ntchito ndi zidziwitso zamakina, zomwe kuphatikiza kuyenera kuchitidwa, tiwona njira zoyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa IdM kukuyenda bwino komanso sikuyambitsa kukanidwa:
- Kuwunika kwa njira za ogwira ntchito ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa kukonza nkhokwe ya ogwira ntchito mu kachitidwe ka antchito.
- Kusanthula kwa data yokhudzana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ufulu, komanso kukonzanso njira zowongolera zolowera m'makina omwe akukonzekera kuti agwirizane ndi IdM.
- Njira zamabungwe komanso kutengapo gawo kwa ogwira ntchito pokonzekera kukhazikitsidwa kwa IdM.
Zambiri za anthu
Pakhoza kukhala gwero limodzi la deta ya ogwira ntchito m'bungwe, kapena pangakhale angapo. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe likhoza kukhala ndi nthambi zambiri, ndipo nthambi iliyonse ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito antchito ake.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ndi ziti zoyambira za ogwira ntchito zomwe zimasungidwa muzolembera za ogwira ntchito, ndi zochitika ziti zomwe zalembedwa, ndikuwunika kukwanira kwawo komanso kapangidwe kawo.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti sizochitika zonse za ogwira ntchito zomwe zimatchulidwa mu gwero la ogwira ntchito (ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa nthawi yake komanso osati molondola). Nazi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino:
- tchuthi, magulu awo ndi mawu (okhazikika kapena aatali) sanakhazikitsidwe;
- ntchito yaganyu sinalembedwe: mwachitsanzo, ali patchuthi lalitali la makolo, wogwira ntchito amatha kugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi;
- mkhalidwe weniweni wa ofuna kusankha kapena wogwira ntchito wasintha kale (kulemba ntchito / kusamutsa / kuchotsedwa ntchito), ndipo lamulo lokhudza chochitikachi limaperekedwa ndikuchedwa;
- wogwira ntchito amasamutsidwa ku ntchito yatsopano yanthawi zonse mwa kuchotsedwa ntchito, pamene dongosolo la ogwira ntchito sililemba zambiri kuti uku ndikuchotsedwa ntchito.
Ndikoyeneranso kupereka chidwi chapadera pakuwunika kuchuluka kwa deta, popeza zolakwika zilizonse ndi zolakwika zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera ku gwero lodalirika, zomwe ndi machitidwe olembera antchito, zitha kukhala zodula mtsogolomo ndikuyambitsa mavuto ambiri pakukhazikitsa IdM. Mwachitsanzo, maofesala ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri amalowa m'malo antchito m'machitidwe osiyanasiyana: zilembo zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, zidule, malo osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero. Zotsatira zake, malo omwewo amatha kukhazikitsidwa mudongosolo la ogwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana:
- Woyang'anira wamkulu
- bwana wamkulu
- bwana wamkulu
- Art. manejalaβ¦
Nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuthana ndi kusiyana kwa kalembedwe ka dzina lonse:
- Shmeleva Natalia Gennadievna
- Shmeleva Natalia Gennadievnaβ¦
Kuti tichitenso zokha, kusuntha koteroko sikuvomerezeka, makamaka ngati zizindikirozi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha chizindikiritso, ndiko kuti, deta yokhudzana ndi wogwira ntchitoyo ndi mphamvu zake mu machitidwe amafaniziridwa ndendende ndi dzina lonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, munthu sayenera kuiwala za kupezeka kwa mayina ndi mayina athunthu mu kampani. Ngati bungwe liri ndi antchito chikwi, pangakhale zochitika zochepa ngati izi, ndipo ngati pali 50 zikwi, izi zikhoza kukhala chopinga chachikulu pakugwira ntchito moyenera kwa dongosolo la IdM.
Pofotokoza mwachidule zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti: momwe mungalowetsere deta mumagulu a ogwira ntchito a bungwe ayenera kukhala ofanana. Zosankha zolembera mayina athunthu, maudindo ndi madipatimenti ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi pamene wogwira ntchito sakulowetsa deta pamanja, koma amawasankha kuchokera ku bukhu lopangidwa kale la mapangidwe a madipatimenti ndi maudindo pogwiritsa ntchito "kusankha" ntchito yomwe ikupezeka mu database ya ogwira ntchito.
Kupewa zolakwika zina pakulumikizana komanso kusakonza pamanja zosemphana ndi malipoti, njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira antchito ndikulowetsa ID kwa wogwira ntchito aliyense m'bungwe. Chizindikiritso choterechi chidzaperekedwa kwa wogwira ntchito watsopano aliyense ndipo chidzawoneka mudongosolo la ogwira ntchito komanso m'makina azidziwitso abungwe ngati gawo lofunikira la akauntiyo. Ziribe kanthu kaya ili ndi manambala kapena zilembo, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ndi wapadera kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nambala ya antchito). M'tsogolomu, kuyambitsidwa kwa izi kudzathandizira kwambiri kulumikiza deta ya ogwira ntchito mu gwero la ogwira ntchito ndi ma akaunti ake ndi maulamuliro mu machitidwe azidziwitso.
Choncho, masitepe onse ndi machitidwe a zolemba za ogwira ntchito ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuziyika bwino. Ndizotheka kuti njira zina ziyenera kusinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa. Iyi ndi ntchito yotopetsa komanso yowawa, koma ndiyofunika, apo ayi kusowa kwa deta yomveka bwino komanso yokhazikika pazochitika za ogwira ntchito kungayambitse zolakwika pakukonza kwawo. Pazifukwa zoipitsitsa, njira zosalongosoka sizingakhale zokha.
Zolinga machitidwe
Pa siteji yotsatira, tifunika kudziwa kuti ndi machitidwe angati a chidziwitso omwe tikufuna kuphatikizira mu ndondomeko ya IdM, ndi deta yanji ya ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ufulu wawo yomwe imasungidwa m'makinawa ndi momwe tingawasamalire.
M'mabungwe ambiri, pali lingaliro loti tidzakhazikitsa IdM, kukonza zolumikizira ku machitidwe omwe tikufuna, ndipo ndi funde lamatsenga lamatsenga, chilichonse chidzagwira ntchito, popanda kuyesetsa kwina. Kotero, tsoka, izo sizichitika. M'makampani, mawonekedwe azidziwitso amakula pang'onopang'ono. M'makina aliwonse, njira yosiyana yoperekera ufulu wofikira imatha kukonzedwa, ndiko kuti, njira zolumikizirana zosiyanasiyana zimakonzedwa. Kwinakwake kasamalidwe kamapezeka kudzera mu API (mawonekedwe a pulogalamu yamapulogalamu), kwinakwake kudzera m'dawunilodi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosungidwa, kwinakwake sikungakhale kolumikizana konse. Muyenera kukhala okonzekera chifukwa mudzayenera kuwunikiranso njira zambiri zomwe zilipo zoyendetsera maakaunti ndi ufulu m'machitidwe abungwe: sinthani mawonekedwe a data, malizitsani zolumikizirana pasadakhale ndikugawa zothandizira pantchitozi.
chitsanzo chabwino
Mutha kukumana ndi lingaliro lachitsanzo posankha wopereka yankho la IdM, popeza iyi ndi imodzi mwamaganizidwe ofunikira pankhani yowongolera ufulu wofikira. Muchitsanzo ichi, kupeza deta kumaperekedwa kudzera mu gawo. Ntchito ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kuti wogwira ntchito ali ndi udindo wina azitha kugwira ntchito zawo.
Ulamuliro wofikira pamaudindo uli ndi maubwino angapo osatsutsika:
- ntchito yosavuta komanso yothandiza ya ufulu womwewo kwa antchito ambiri;
- kusintha msanga kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi ufulu womwewo;
- kuchotsedwa kwa kufutukuka kwa maufulu ndi kusiyanitsa mphamvu zosagwirizana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Matrix a gawoli amamangidwa padera m'machitidwe aliwonse a bungwe, kenako amafikira kudera lonse la IT, pomwe maudindo a Bizinesi yapadziko lonse lapansi amapangidwa kuchokera pagawo lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, gawo la Bizinesi "Akaunti" liphatikiza magawo angapo osiyana pazidziwitso zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dipatimenti yowerengera ndalama zamabizinesi.
Posachedwapa, amaonedwa kuti ndi "zabwino" kupanga chitsanzo ngakhale pa siteji yokonza mapulogalamu, ma database ndi machitidwe opangira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zochitika si zachilendo pamene maudindo sakukonzedwa mu dongosolo kapena kulibe. Pachifukwa ichi, woyang'anira dongosololi ayenera kuyika deta ya akauntiyo m'mafayilo angapo, malaibulale ndi zolemba zomwe zimapereka zilolezo zofunika. Kugwiritsa ntchito maudindo omwe adafotokozedweratu kumakupatsani mwayi woti muzichita zinthu zingapo pamakina omwe ali ndi zovuta zambiri.
Maudindo muzachidziwitso, monga lamulo, amagawidwa pamaudindo ndi madipatimenti malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, koma amathanso kupangidwira njira zina zamabizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, mu bungwe lazachuma, antchito angapo a dipatimenti yokhazikika amakhala ndi udindo womwewo - woyendetsa. Koma mkati mwa dipatimentiyi mulinso kugawidwa muzosiyana, malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito (kunja kapena mkati, mu ndalama zosiyana, ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a bungwe). Kuti apereke gawo lililonse labizinesi la dipatimenti imodzi mwayi wopeza zidziwitso malinga ndi zofunikira, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza maufulu m'magawo osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito. Izi zipereka zilolezo zochepa zokwanira, osaphatikizanso maufulu osafunikira, pagawo lililonse la zochitika.
Komanso, pamakina akulu okhala ndi mazana a maudindo, ogwiritsa ntchito masauzande ambiri, ndi zilolezo mamiliyoni ambiri, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito unyinji wa maudindo ndi cholowa chamwayi. Mwachitsanzo, udindo wa kholo Woyang'anira adzalandira mwayi wa maudindo a mwana: Wogwiritsa ntchito ndi Wowerenga, popeza Woyang'anira atha kuchita chilichonse chomwe Wogwiritsa ndi Wowerenga angachite, kuphatikizanso adzakhala ndi maufulu owongolera. Pogwiritsa ntchito maulamuliro, palibe chifukwa chofotokozeranso maufulu omwewo m'magawo angapo a gawo limodzi kapena dongosolo.
Pa gawo loyamba, mutha kupanga maudindo m'machitidwe omwe kuchuluka kwa maufulu ophatikizika sikuli kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta kuyendetsa magawo ochepa. Izi zitha kukhala maufulu ofunidwa ndi onse ogwira ntchito kukampani ku machitidwe aboma monga Active Directory (AD), maimelo, Service Manager, ndi zina zotero. Kenako, ma matrices omwe adapangidwa pamakina azidziwitso atha kuphatikizidwa muzachitsanzo zonse, kuwaphatikiza kukhala maudindo a Bizinesi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mtsogolomu, mukakhazikitsa dongosolo la IdM, zidzakhala zosavuta kusinthiratu njira yonse yopereka ufulu wofikira potengera maudindo omwe adapangidwa pagawo loyamba.
NB Simuyenera kuyesa kuphatikiza machitidwe ambiri momwe mungathere pakuphatikiza. Machitidwe omwe ali ndi zomangamanga zovuta kwambiri komanso kasamalidwe ka ufulu wofikira amalumikizidwa bwino ndi IdM mumayendedwe a semi-automatic pagawo loyamba. Ndiko kuti, kutengera zochitika za ogwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito zongopeka zokha zofunsira, zomwe zidzatumizidwa kwa woyang'anira kuti aphedwe, ndipo adzakhazikitsa ufulu pamanja.
Pambuyo podutsa gawo loyamba, ndizotheka kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito adongosolo kunjira zatsopano zamabizinesi, kukhazikitsa zodziwikiratu komanso makulitsidwe ndi kulumikizana kwazinthu zina zowonjezera.
Mwanjira ina, kuti tikonzekere kukhazikitsidwa kwa IdM, ndikofunikira kuwunika kukonzeka kwa machitidwe azidziwitso panjira yatsopano ndikuwongolera pasadakhale mawonekedwe akunja oyang'anira maakaunti ndi maufulu a ogwiritsa ntchito, ngati zolumikizira zotere sizikupezeka dongosolo. M'pofunikanso kukonza nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa magawo a maudindo mu machitidwe a mauthenga kuti azitha kulamulira.
Zochitika za bungwe
Nkhani za bungwe siziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Nthawi zina, amatha kuchitapo kanthu, chifukwa zotsatira za polojekiti yonse nthawi zambiri zimadalira kugwirizana koyenera pakati pa madipatimenti. Kuti tichite izi, nthawi zambiri timalangiza kupanga gulu la omwe akutenga nawo mbali mu bungwe, lomwe lidzaphatikizepo madipatimenti onse okhudzidwa. Popeza izi ndi zolemetsa zowonjezera kwa anthu, yesani kufotokozeratu pasadakhale kwa onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali m'tsogolomu ntchito yawo ndi kufunikira kwawo pakupanga mgwirizano. Ngati "mugulitsa" lingaliro la IdM kwa anzanu pakadali pano, mutha kupewa zovuta zambiri mtsogolo.
Nthawi zambiri, "eni" a ntchito yokhazikitsa IdM mu kampani ndi chitetezo cha chidziwitso kapena madipatimenti a IT, ndipo malingaliro a madipatimenti a bizinesi samaganiziridwa. Uku ndikulakwitsa kwakukulu, chifukwa ndi iwo okha omwe amadziwa momwe ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, zomwe ziyenera kupatsidwa mwayi wopeza, ndi ndani sayenera. Chifukwa chake, pokonzekera, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kuti ndi eni bizinesi yemwe ali ndi udindo pazachitsanzo zogwirira ntchito, pamaziko omwe ma seti a ufulu (maudindo) a ogwiritsa ntchito mu chidziwitso amapangidwa, komanso pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti maudindowa akusungidwa mpaka pano. Chitsanzo sichinthu chokhazikika chomwe chamangidwa kamodzi ndipo mutha kukhazika mtima pansi pa izi. Ichi ndi "chamoyo chamoyo" chomwe chiyenera kusintha nthawi zonse, kusintha ndi kukula, kutsatira kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka bungwe ndi ntchito za ogwira ntchito. Kupanda kutero, mwina padzakhala mavuto okhudzana ndi kuchedwa kwa kupereka mwayi, kapena padzakhala zoopsa zachitetezo chazidziwitso zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ufulu wofikira, zomwe ndizoyipa kwambiri.
Monga mukudziwira, "ana asanu ndi awiri ali ndi mwana wopanda diso", kotero kampaniyo iyenera kupanga njira yomwe imalongosola mamangidwe a chitsanzo, kuyanjana ndi udindo wa omwe atenga nawo mbali pakukonzekera kuti apitirizebe. Ngati kampani ili ndi madera ambiri abizinesi ndipo, molingana ndi magawo ambiri ndi madipatimenti, ndiye m'dera lililonse (mwachitsanzo, kubwereketsa, ntchito, ntchito zakutali, kutsata, ndi zina), monga gawo la njira zowongolera zopezera, m'pofunika kusankha curators osiyana. Kupyolera mwa iwo, zidzatheka kulandira mwamsanga zambiri zokhudza kusintha kwa kamangidwe kagawo ndi ufulu wopeza wofunikira pa gawo lililonse.
Ndikofunikira kupempha thandizo kwa oyang'anira bungwe kuti athetse mikangano pakati pa madipatimenti - omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyo. Ndipo mikangano pakukhazikitsa njira iliyonse yatsopano ndiyosapeΕ΅eka, khulupirirani zomwe takumana nazo. Chifukwa chake, woweruza amafunikira yemwe angathetse mikangano yomwe ingachitike kuti asataye nthawi chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsana ndi kuwononga wina.
NB Maphunziro a ogwira ntchito ndi chiyambi chabwino chodziwitsa anthu. Kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za momwe ntchito yamtsogolo idzagwirira ntchito, udindo wa aliyense wotenga nawo mbali mu izo zidzachepetsa zovuta zosinthira ku yankho latsopano.
Onani mndandanda
Mwachidule, nazi njira zazikulu zomwe bungwe lomwe likukonzekera kukhazikitsa IdM liyenera kuchita:
- khazikitsani zinthu mu data ya ogwira ntchito;
- lowetsani chizindikiro chapadera cha wogwira ntchito aliyense;
- kuunika kukonzeka kwa machitidwe azidziwitso pakukhazikitsidwa kwa IdM;
- kukhazikitsa njira zolumikizirana ndi zidziwitso zowongolera mwayi wopezeka, ngati palibe, ndikugawa zothandizira pantchitozi;
- kukulitsa ndi kumanga chitsanzo;
- pangani njira yoyang'anira chitsanzo ndikuphatikiza osamalira kuchokera kudera lililonse la bizinesi;
- sankhani machitidwe angapo olumikizirana koyamba ndi IdM;
- pangani gulu logwira ntchito bwino;
- pemphani thandizo kwa oyang'anira kampani;
- ogwira ntchito pa sitima.
Kukonzekera kungakhale kovuta, kotero ngati n'kotheka, phatikizani alangizi.
Kukhazikitsa yankho la IdM si njira yosavuta komanso yodalirika, ndipo kuti ikwaniritse bwino, zoyesayesa za gulu lililonse payekhapayekha - ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi, IT ndi chitetezo chazidziwitso, komanso kuyanjana kwa gulu lonse. zofunika. Koma kuyesayesa kuli koyenera: pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa IdM mu kampaniyo, chiwerengero cha zochitika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka ndi ufulu wosaloleka m'machitidwe azidziwitso zimachepetsedwa; kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito chifukwa chosowa / kuyembekezera kwanthawi yayitali ufulu wofunikira kutha; chifukwa cha makina, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimachepetsedwa ndipo zokolola zantchito za IT ndi ntchito zachitetezo chazidziwitso zimachulukitsidwa.
Source: www.habr.com