VPS pa Linux yokhala ndi mawonekedwe: kukhazikitsa seva ya VNC pa Ubuntu 18.04

Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amabwereka VPS yotsika mtengo yokhala ndi Windows kuti azitha kuyendetsa ntchito zakutali. Zomwezo zitha kuchitika pa Linux popanda kutengera zida zanu pamalo opangira data kapena kubwereka seva yodzipatulira. Anthu ena amafunikira malo ojambulira odziwika bwino kuti ayesedwe ndikutukuka, kapena kompyuta yakutali yokhala ndi tchanelo chachikulu chogwirira ntchito kuchokera pazida zam'manja. Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito makina a Remote FrameBuffer (RFB) a Virtual Network Computing (VNC). M'nkhaniyi yaifupi tidzakuuzani momwe mungasinthire pa makina enieni omwe ali ndi hypervisor iliyonse.

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo:

Kusankha VNC Server
Kuyika ndi kukonza
Kuyambitsa ntchito kudzera pa systemd
Kugwirizana kwa Desktop

Kusankha VNC Server

Utumiki wa VNC ukhoza kumangidwa mu dongosolo la virtualization, ndipo hypervisor idzagwirizanitsa ndi zipangizo zotsatiridwa ndipo palibe kusintha kwina komwe kudzafunika. Kusankha kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kuchulukirachulukira ndipo sikumathandizidwa ndi onse opereka chithandizo - ngakhale pakukhazikitsa kocheperako, pomwe m'malo motsanzira chipangizo chojambulira, chosavuta (framebuffer) chimasamutsidwa kumakina enieni. Nthawi zina seva ya VNC imamangiriridwa ku seva yothamanga ya X, koma njira iyi ndi yoyenera kwambiri kuti mupeze makina akuthupi, ndipo pamtundu wamba imapanga zovuta zingapo zaukadaulo. Njira yosavuta yokhazikitsira seva ya VNC ndi seva yomangidwa mu X. Sichifuna zida zakuthupi (adaputala yamavidiyo, kiyibodi ndi mbewa) kapena kutsanzira kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito hypervisor, chifukwa chake ndizoyenera mtundu uliwonse wa VPS.

Kuyika ndi kukonza

Tidzafunika makina enieni okhala ndi Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS pamasinthidwe ake osasinthika. Pali ma seva angapo a VNC m'malo osungira omwe amagawidwa: KutaliVNC, Malipenga, x11vnc ndi ena. Tidakhazikika pa TigerVNC - foloko yamakono ya TightVNC, yomwe sichirikizidwa ndi wopanga. Kukhazikitsa ma seva ena kumachitika chimodzimodzi. Muyeneranso kusankha malo apakompyuta: njira yabwino kwambiri, m'malingaliro athu, ingakhale XFCE chifukwa chazofunikira zochepa pazogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta. Amene akufuna akhoza kukhazikitsa DE kapena WM ina: zonse zimadalira zomwe amakonda, koma kusankha mapulogalamu kumakhudza mwachindunji kufunikira kwa RAM ndi makompyuta.

Kuyika chilengedwe cha desktop ndi zodalira zonse kumachitika ndi lamulo ili:

sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utils

Kenako muyenera kukhazikitsa seva ya VNC:

sudo apt-get install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common

Kuthamanga ngati superuser ndi lingaliro loipa. Pangani wogwiritsa ntchito ndi gulu:

sudo adduser vnc

Tiyeni tiwonjeze wogwiritsa ntchito pagulu la sudo kuti athe kuchita ntchito zokhudzana ndi oyang'anira. Ngati palibe chosowa chotero, mutha kudumpha sitepe iyi:

sudo gpasswd -a vnc sudo

Chotsatira ndikuyendetsa seva ya VNC yokhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito vnc kupanga mawu achinsinsi otetezedwa ndi mafayilo osintha mu ~/.vnc/ directory. Kutalika kwa mawu achinsinsi kumatha kukhala kuyambira zilembo 6 mpaka 8 (zilembo zowonjezera zadulidwa). Ngati kuli kofunikira, mawu achinsinsi amaikidwanso kuti awonedwe kokha, i.e. popanda mwayi wa kiyibodi ndi mbewa. Malamulo otsatirawa amachitidwa ngati wogwiritsa ntchito vnc:

su - vnc
vncserver -localhost no

Mwachikhazikitso, protocol ya RFB imagwiritsa ntchito doko la TCP kuchokera pa 5900 mpaka 5906 - izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa. kuwonetsa madoko, chilichonse chikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a seva ya X. Pankhaniyi, madoko amalumikizidwa ndi zowonera kuyambira :0 mpaka :6. Chitsanzo cha seva ya VNC chomwe tidayambitsa chimamvera doko 5901 (chithunzi: 1). Zina zitha kugwira ntchito pamadoko ena okhala ndi zowonera :2, :3, ndi zina. Musanasinthidwenso, muyenera kuyimitsa seva:

vncserver -kill :1

Lamulo liyenera kuwonetsa motere: "Kupha Xtigervnc process ID 18105 ... kupambana!"

TigerVNC ikayamba, imayendetsa ~/.vnc/xstartup script kuti ikonze zokonda. Tiyeni tipange zolemba zathu, choyamba ndikusunga zosunga zobwezeretsera zomwe zilipo, ngati zilipo:

mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.b
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

Gawo la chilengedwe la desktop la XFCE limayambitsidwa ndi xstartup script:

#!/bin/bash
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
exec /usr/bin/startxfce4 &

Lamulo la xrdb likufunika kuti VNC iwerenge fayilo ya .Xresources mu bukhu lanyumba. Kumeneko wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kufotokozera makonda osiyanasiyana apakompyuta: mawonekedwe amtundu, mitundu yama terminal, mitu yazithunzi, ndi zina. Script iyenera kuchitidwa:

chmod 755 ~/.vnc/xstartup

Izi zimamaliza kukhazikitsidwa kwa seva ya VNC. Ngati muyendetsa ndi lamulo vncserver -localhost no (monga vnc wosuta), mutha kulumikiza ndi mawu achinsinsi omwe adanenedwa kale ndikuwona chithunzi chotsatira:

Kuyambitsa ntchito kudzera pa systemd

Kuyambitsa seva ya VNC pamanja sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo, chifukwa chake tidzakonza ntchito yamakina. Malamulo amachitidwa ngati mizu (timagwiritsa ntchito sudo). Choyamba, tiyeni tipange fayilo yatsopano ya seva yathu:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]

Chizindikiro cha @ m'dzina chimakulolani kuti mudutse mkangano kuti mukonze ntchitoyo. Kwa ife, imatchula doko lowonetsera VNC. Fayilo ya unit ili ndi zigawo zingapo:

[Unit]
Description=TigerVNC server
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=vnc 
Group=vnc 
WorkingDirectory=/home/vnc 
PIDFile=/home/vnc/.vnc/%H:%i.pid
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1280x960 :%i
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Kenako muyenera kudziwitsa systemd za fayilo yatsopanoyo ndikuyiyambitsa:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable [email protected]

Nambala 1 mu dzina imatchula nambala ya skrini.

Imitsani seva ya VNC, yambani ngati ntchito ndikuwona momwe ilili:

# от имени пользователя vnc 
vncserver -kill :1

# с привилегиями суперпользователя
sudo systemctl start vncserver@1
sudo systemctl status vncserver@1

Ngati utumiki ukuyenda, tiyenera kupeza chonchi.

Kugwirizana kwa Desktop

Kusintha kwathu sikugwiritsa ntchito kubisa, kotero mapaketi a netiweki amatha kulandidwa ndi omwe akuwukira. Kuphatikiza apo, mu ma seva a VNC nthawi zambiri kupeza zofooka, kotero simuyenera kuwatsegula kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa intaneti. Kuti mulumikizane bwino ndi kompyuta yanu, muyenera kuyika magalimoto mumsewu wa SSH ndikukonza kasitomala wa VNC. Pa Windows, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kasitomala wa SSH (mwachitsanzo, PuTTY). Pachitetezo, TigerVNC pa seva imangomvera za localhost ndipo sizipezeka mwachindunji pamaneti apagulu:

sudo netstat -ap |more

Mu Linux, FreeBSD, OS X ndi ma OS ena ngati UNIX, ngalande yochokera pakompyuta ya kasitomala imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ssh utility (sshd iyenera kukhala ikuyenda pa seva ya VNC):

ssh -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -C -N -l vnc vnc_server_ip

Njira ya -L imamanga doko 5901 la kulumikizana kwakutali ku doko 5901 pa localhost. Njira ya -C imathandizira kupsinjika, ndipo -N njira imauza ssh kuti asapereke lamulo lakutali. Njira ya -l imatanthawuza kulowa kwa kulowa kwakutali.

Mukakhazikitsa njirayo pamakompyuta am'deralo, muyenera kuyambitsa kasitomala wa VNC ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana ndi wolandila 127.0.0.1:5901 (localhost:5901), pogwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi omwe adanenedwa kale kuti mupeze seva ya VNC. Tsopano titha kulankhulana mosatekeseka kudzera mumsewu wobisika wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apakompyuta a XFCE pa VPS. Pazithunzi, zida zapamwamba zikuyenda mu terminal emulator kuwonetsa makina ocheperako akugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta. Ndiye zonse zidzadalira ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito.

Mutha kukhazikitsa ndikusintha seva ya VNC ku Linux pafupifupi pafupifupi VPS iliyonse. Izi sizifuna masinthidwe okwera mtengo komanso ozama kwambiri potengera ma adapter a kanema kapena kugula zilolezo zamapulogalamu azamalonda. Kuphatikiza pa njira yautumiki wadongosolo yomwe tidaganizira, pali zina: kuyambitsa mu daemon mode (kudzera /etc/rc.local) pomwe dongosolo limayamba kapena pakufunika kudzera innetd. Chotsatiracho ndichosangalatsa kupanga masinthidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. Internet Superserver iyambitsa seva ya VNC ndikulumikiza kasitomala kwa iyo, ndipo seva ya VNC ipanga chophimba chatsopano ndikuyamba gawo. Kuti mutsimikizire mkati mwake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito woyang'anira zojambulajambula (mwachitsanzo, Kuwala), ndipo mutatha kulumikiza kasitomala, gawolo lidzatsekedwa ndipo mapulogalamu onse omwe akugwira ntchito ndi chinsalu adzathetsedwa.

Source: www.habr.com