Moni, anzanu!
Nkhaniyo itatulutsidwa Pakhala pali ndemanga zambiri za kuopsa kwa mayankho a Li-Ion a seva ndi malo opangira deta. Chifukwa chake, lero tiyesa kudziwa kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa mayankho a lifiyamu a mafakitale a UPS ndi batire pazida zanu, momwe magwiridwe antchito a mabatire mu chipinda cha seva amasiyana, chifukwa chiyani mu foni ya Li-Ion batire silimatha. zaka zoposa 2-3, ndipo mu data center chiwerengerochi chidzawonjezeka mpaka 10 kapena zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chiyani zoopsa za moto wa lithiamu mu data center / chipinda cha seva ndizochepa.
Inde, ngozi zokhala ndi mabatire a UPS ndizotheka mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa chipangizo chosungira mphamvu, koma nthano ya "ngozi yamoto" ya mafakitale a lithiamu zothetsera sizoona.
Ndipotu ambiri aona zimenezo ndi batire ya lithiamu m'galimoto yomwe ikuyenda mumsewu waukulu? Kotero, tiyeni tiwone, tiganizire, yerekezerani ...
Apa tikuwona momwe zimakhalira kudziwotcha kosadziletsa, kuthawa kwa batire la foni, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti izi zichitike. Mudzati: PANO! Ndi foni chabe, munthu wamisala yekha ndi amene angaike zinthu ngati zimenezo mu chipinda cha seva!
Ndikukhulupirira kuti pambuyo powerenga nkhaniyi, wowerenga asintha malingaliro ake pankhaniyi.
Zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wa data center
Si chinsinsi kuti kumanga malo a data ndi ndalama za nthawi yaitali. Mtengo wa zida zauinjiniya wokha ukhoza kukhala 50% yamtengo wamtengo wapatali wandalama zonse. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndi zaka 10-15. Mwachibadwa, pali chikhumbo chochepetsera mtengo wa umwini pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wa data center, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo komanso zipangizo zamakono zogwirira ntchito, kumasula malo ochuluka momwe angathere kwa malipiro.
Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kubwereza kwatsopano kwa mafakitale a UPS pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a Li-Ion, omwe akhala akuchotsa "matenda aubwana" kwa nthawi yayitali monga zoopsa zamoto, njira zowonetsera zowononga zowonongeka, ndipo apeza njira zambiri zotetezera.
Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamakompyuta ndi zida zama network, kufunikira kwa UPS kukukulirakulira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofunikira pa moyo wa batri zimawonjezeka ngati pali mavuto ndi magetsi apakati komanso / kapena kulephera poyambitsa gwero lamagetsi pakugwiritsa ntchito / kupezeka kwa jenereta ya dizilo.
M'malingaliro athu, pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu:
- Kukula kofulumira kwa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chomwe chimakonzedwa ndikufalitsidwa
Mwachitsanzo, zomwe
ziyenera kupulumutsidwa ndi kukonzedwa. - Kukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ngakhale chizolowezi chochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa zida za IT, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwazinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Chithunzi chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu cha malo amodzi ogwirira ntchito
Zomwezo zimawonetsedwa ndi zolosera za msika wa data m'dziko lathu.Malinga ndi tsamba la webusayiti, chiwerengero cha malo opangira rack omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oposa 20. "Chiwerengero cha malo opangira rack omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 20 akuluakulu opereka chithandizo cha data center mu 2017 chinawonjezeka ndi 3% ndipo chinafika 22,4 zikwi (deta kuyambira October 1, 2017)," likutero lipoti la CNews Analytics. Malinga ndi mabungwe alangizi, pofika chaka cha 2021 chiwerengero cha malo opangira rack chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka kufika pa 49 zikwi. Ndiko kuti, m'zaka ziwiri mphamvu yeniyeni ya data center ikhoza kuwirikiza kawiri. Kodi izi zikugwirizana ndi chiyani? Choyamba, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso: zonse zosungidwa ndi kukonzedwa.
Kuphatikiza pa mitambo, osewera amawona kukula kwa data center m'magawo kukhala malo okulirapo: ndi gawo lokhalo lomwe lili ndi malo osungiramo bizinesi. Malingana ndi IKS-Consulting, mu 2016, maderawa amawerengera 10% yokha yazinthu zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa pamsika, pamene likulu ndi dera la Moscow lidatenga 73% ya msika, ndi St. Petersburg ndi dera la Leningrad - 17%. M'zigawo, kukupitirizabe kusowa kwa zipangizo za data center ndi kulekerera kwakukulu kwa zolakwika.
Pofika chaka cha 2025, chiwerengero chonse cha deta padziko lonse lapansi chikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka ka 10 poyerekeza ndi 2016.
Komabe, lithiamu ndi yotetezeka bwanji pa seva kapena data center UPS?
Zoyipa: mtengo wokwera wa mayankho a Li-Ion.
Mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ukadali wokwera poyerekeza ndi njira zokhazikika. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa SE, ndalama zoyamba za UPS zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa 100 kVA pazoyankhira za Li-Ion zidzakhala zochulukirapo ka 1,5, koma pamapeto pake ndalama zosungira umwini zidzakhala 30-50%. Ngati tiyerekeza ndi magulu ankhondo ndi mafakitale a mayiko ena, ndiye nkhani ya kukhazikitsidwa mu ndi mabatire a Li-ion. Nthawi zambiri, mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphorous (LFP pa chithunzi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosankha zotere chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso chitetezo chokulirapo.
Nkhaniyi ikunena kuti $ 100 miliyoni idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mabatire atsopano a sitima yapamadzi, tiyeni tiyese kuyisintha kukhala mfundo zina ...Matani 4,2 ndikusamutsidwa pansi pamadzi kwa sitima yapamadzi yaku Japan. Kusamuka kwapamtunda - matani 2,95. Monga lamulo, 20-25% ya kulemera kwa bwato imakhala ndi mabatire. Kuchokera apa timatenga pafupifupi matani 740 - mabatire a lead-acid. Kupitilira apo: kuchuluka kwa lithiamu ndi pafupifupi 1/3 ya mabatire a lead-acid -> matani 246 a lithiamu. Pa 70 kWh/kg pa Li-Ion timapeza pafupifupi 17 MWh ya mphamvu ya batire. Ndipo kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa mabatire ndi pafupifupi matani 495 ... Apa sitikuganizira , zomwe zimafuna matani 14,5 a siliva pa sitima yapamadzi iliyonse, ndipo zimawononga kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa mabatire a asidi amtovu. Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti mabatire a Li-Ion tsopano ndi okwera mtengo 4-1,5 kuposa VRLA, malingana ndi mphamvu ya yankho.
Nanga bwanji anthu a ku Japan? Iwo anakumbukira mochedwa kwambiri kuti "kuunika bwato" ndi 700 matani kumaphatikizapo kusintha panyanja ndi bata ... Iwo mwina anayenera kuwonjezera zida pa bolodi kuti abwezeretse kapangidwe kulemera kugawa bwato.
Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amalemeranso pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lead-acid, kotero kapangidwe ka sitima yapamadzi ya Soryu-class idayenera kukonzedwanso kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yokhazikika.
Ku Japan, mitundu iwiri ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion adapangidwa ndikubweretsedwa kuntchito: lithiamu-nickel-cobalt-aluminium-oxide (NCA) yopangidwa ndi GS Yuasa ndi lithiamu titanate (LTO) yopangidwa ndi Toshiba Corporation. Asitikali apamadzi aku Japan adzagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a NCA, pomwe Australia idapatsidwa mabatire a LTO kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamasitima apamadzi a Soryu m'matenda aposachedwa, malinga ndi Kobayashi.
Podziwa malingaliro olemekeza chitetezo ku Land of the Rising Sun, tikhoza kuganiza kuti nkhani za chitetezo cha lithiamu zathetsedwa, kuyesedwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa.
Ngozi: ngozi yamoto.
Apa ndipamene tidzazindikira cholinga chofalitsa, chifukwa pali malingaliro otsutsana kwambiri okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mayankho awa. Koma zonsezi ndi zongopeka, koma nanga bwanji zothetsera zamakampani?
Takambirana kale zachitetezo m'nkhani yathu , koma tiyeni tiganizirenso za nkhaniyi. Tiyeni titembenukire ku chithunzicho, chomwe chinayang'ana mlingo wa chitetezo cha module ndi LMO / NMC cell ya batri yopangidwa ndi Samsung SDI ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la Schneider Electric UPS.
Njira zamakina zidakambidwa m'nkhani ya wogwiritsa ntchito . Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike m'malo athu ndikuziyerekeza ndi chitetezo chamitundu ingapo m'maselo a Samsung SDI, omwe ndi gawo lofunikira la rack yopangidwa mwaluso ya Type G Li-Ion monga gawo la yankho lathunthu kutengera Galaxy VM. .
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi tchati chodziwika bwino cha zoopsa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa moto mu cell ya lithiamu-ion.
Pansi pa wowononga mutha kuphunzira nkhani zongopeka za ngozi zamoto zamabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi fizikiki yamachitidwe.Chithunzi choyambirira cha kuopsa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa moto (Chiwopsezo cha Chitetezo) cha cell ya lithiamu-ion kuchokera Zaka 2018.
Popeza malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka cell ya lithiamu-ion pali kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe othawira a cell, apa tiwona njira yomwe tafotokoza m'nkhani ya cell lithiamu-nickel-cobalt-aluminium (yochokera pa LiNiCoAIO2) kapena NCA.
Njira yopangira ngozi mu cell imatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:
- Gawo 1 (Kuyambira). Normal ntchito selo pamene kutentha kuwonjezeka gradient si upambana 0,2 digiri Celsius pa mphindi, ndi selo kutentha lokha si upambana madigiri 130-200 Celsius, malingana ndi dongosolo mankhwala a selo;
- Gawo 2, kutenthetsa (Kuthamanga). Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kumakwera, kutentha kumawonjezeka mofulumira, ndipo mphamvu yotentha imatulutsidwa. Kawirikawiri, njirayi imatsagana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa gasi kuyenera kulipidwa pogwiritsa ntchito valve yotetezera;
- Gawo 3, kuthawa kwamafuta (Kuthawa). Kutentha kwa batri kuposa madigiri 180-200. Zikatero, zinthu za cathode zimalowa m'njira yosagwirizana ndikutulutsa mpweya. Uwu ndiye mulingo wa kuthawa kwamafuta, chifukwa pakadali pano chisakanizo cha mpweya woyaka ndi mpweya ukhoza kuchitika, zomwe zingayambitse kuyaka modzidzimutsa. Komabe, ndondomekoyi nthawi zina imatha kuwongoleredwa, kuwerenga - pamene ulamuliro wa zinthu zakunja umasintha, kuthawa kwamoto nthawi zina kumasiya popanda zotsatira zakupha kwa malo ozungulira. Kuthekera ndi magwiridwe antchito a lithiamu cell palokha pambuyo pa zochitikazi sizimaganiziridwa.
Kutentha kothawirako kumatengera kukula kwa maselo, kapangidwe ka maselo, ndi zinthu. Kutentha kothawirako kumatha kusiyana ndi 130 mpaka 200 digiri Celsius. Nthawi yothawirako yotentha imatha kusiyanasiyana ndikuyambira mphindi, maola kapena masiku ...
Nanga bwanji maselo amtundu wa LMO/NMC mu lithiamu-ion UPSs?
- Pofuna kupewa kukhudzana kwa anode ndi electrolyte, chingwe cha ceramic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la selo (SFL). Kuyenda kwa ayoni a lithiamu kumatsekedwa pa madigiri 130 Celsius.
- Kuwonjezera pa valavu yotetezera mpweya, njira yotetezera ya Over Charge Device (OSD) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi fuse yamkati ndikuzimitsa selo lowonongeka, kuteteza kuthawa kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kufika pazigawo zoopsa. Komanso, dongosolo lamkati la OSD lidzayamba kale, pamene kupanikizika kumafika 3,5 kgf / cm2, ndiko kuti, theka laling'ono kuposa kuyankha kwa valve ya chitetezo cha selo.
Mwa njira, fuseji ya cell idzagwira ntchito pamafunde opitilira 2500 A osapitilira 2 masekondi. Tiyerekeze kuti kutentha kumafika pa kuwerenga kwa 10 Β° C / min. Mumasekondi a 10, selo lidzakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera pafupifupi madigiri 1,7 pa kutentha kwake pamene ili mu overclocking mode.
- Cholekanitsa chamagulu atatu mu selo mu recharge mode chidzaletsa kusintha kwa lithiamu ions kupita ku anode ya selo. Kutentha kotsekereza ndi madigiri 250 Celsius.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe tili nazo ndi kutentha kwa selo; Tiyeni tifanizire magawo omwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachitetezo imayambika pama cell.
- dongosolo la OSD - 3,5 + -0,1 kgf / cm2 <= kuthamanga kwa kunja
Zowonjezera chitetezo ku overcurrents.
- valavu yotetezera 7,0 + -1,0 kgf / cm2 <= kuthamanga kwa kunja
- Fuse mkati mwa cell 2 masekondi pa 2500A (kupitilira apo)
Chiwopsezo cha kuthawa kwa cell mwachindunji zimatengera kuchuluka / kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa cell, zambiri apa...Tiyeni tiwone momwe kuchuluka kwa cell charger kumakhudzira kuopsa kwa kuthawa kwamafuta. Tiyeni tikambirane tebulo la makalata pakati pa kutentha kwa selo ndi SOC parameter (State of Charge, digiri ya batire).
Mulingo wa batire umayesedwa ngati peresenti ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zonse zomwe zimasungidwa mu batire. Pankhaniyi, tikuganizira za recharging batire mode. Zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kutengera chemistry ya cell ya lithiamu, batire imatha kuchita mosiyana ikakulitsidwa ndipo imakhala ndi kuthekera kosiyana ndi kuthawa kwamafuta. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu zosiyana (A * h / gramu) zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a Li-Ion. Kuchuluka kwapadera kwa selo, kumatulutsa kutentha kwambiri panthawi yobwezeretsanso.
Kuphatikiza apo, pa 100% SOC, kuzungulira kwakunja kwafupi nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kutha kwa cell. Kumbali inayi, selo likakhala pa 80% SOC, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa selo kumasunthira mmwamba. Selo limakhala lolimba kwambiri ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi.
Pomaliza, kwa 70% SOC, mabwalo amfupi akunja sangayambitse kuthawa konse. Ndiko kuti, chiwopsezo cha kuyatsa kwa ma cell kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ndikungogwira ntchito kwa valve yachitetezo cha batri ya lithiamu.
Kuonjezera apo, kuchokera patebulo tikhoza kunena kuti LFP (popindika wofiirira) ya batri nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, ndiko kuti, "kutentha" siteji imasintha bwino kupita ku "kuthawa kwamoto", ndi kukhazikika kwa Kuchulutsa dongosolo ili kuli koipitsitsa. Mabatire a LMO, monga tikuwonera, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otenthetsera akamawotcha.
Cofunika: Dongosolo la OSD likayambika, selo imakonzedwanso kuti idutse. Chifukwa chake, voteji pa rack imachepetsedwa, koma imakhalabe ikugwira ntchito ndipo imapereka chizindikiro ku dongosolo loyang'anira UPS kudzera mu dongosolo la BMS la rack palokha. Pankhani ya UPS yachikale yokhala ndi mabatire a VRLA, kuzungulira kwachidule kapena kusweka mkati mwa batire imodzi mu chingwe kungayambitse kulephera kwa UPS yonse ndi kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida za IT.
Kutengera zomwe tafotokozazi, pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito njira za lithiamu ku UPS, ngozi zotsatirazi zimakhalabe zofunika:
- Kuthamanga kwa kutentha kwa selo kapena gawo chifukwa cha dera lalifupi lakunja - magawo angapo a chitetezo.
- Kuthamanga kwa kutentha kwa selo kapena module chifukwa cha kulephera kwa batri mkati - magawo angapo a chitetezo pa selo kapena gawo la module.
- Kuchulukirachulukira - kutetezedwa ndi BMS kuphatikiza magawo onse achitetezo cha rack, module, cell.
- Kuwonongeka kwamakina sikuli koyenera kwa mlandu wathu, chiwopsezo cha chochitikacho ndi chopanda pake.
- Kutenthedwa kwa rack ndi mabatire onse (ma module, ma cell). Zosavomerezeka mpaka madigiri 70-90. Ngati kutentha m'chipinda chosungiramo UPS kukwera pamwamba pazikhalidwezi, zikutanthauza kuti pali moto m'nyumbayi. Pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito zapakati pa data, chiwopsezo cha chochitika chimakhala chocheperako.
- Kuchepetsa moyo wa batri pazipinda zotentha - kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kutentha mpaka madigiri 40 kumaloledwa popanda kutsika kowonekera kwa batri. Mabatire otsogolera amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kulikonse ndipo amachepetsa moyo wawo wotsalira mogwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha.
Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa flowchart ya ngozi ya ngozi ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion mu data center yathu, chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito seva. Tiyeni tifewetse chithunzicho pang'ono, chifukwa ma lithiamu UPS adzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo abwino, ngati tiyerekeza momwe mabatire amagwirira ntchito mu chipangizo chanu, foni.
POMALIZA: Mabatire apadera a lithiamu apakati pa data ndi chipinda cha seva UPS ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira pazochitika zadzidzidzi, ndipo mu njira yothetsera vutoli, chiwerengero chachikulu cha madigiri osiyanasiyana a chitetezo ndi zaka zoposa zisanu zogwirira ntchito zothetsera mavutowa zimatilola kulankhula za mlingo wapamwamba wa chitetezo cha matekinoloje atsopano. Mwa zina, tisaiwale kuti mabatire a lithiamu m'gawo lathu amawoneka ngati "wowonjezera kutentha" kwaukadaulo wa Li-Ion: mosiyana ndi smartphone yanu m'thumba lanu, palibe amene angagwetse batri mu data center, kutenthedwa, kutulutsa. tsiku lililonse, gwiritsani ntchito mwachangu mu buffer mode.
Mutha kudziwa zambiri ndikukambirana yankho lenileni pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion pachipinda chanu cha seva kapena pakati pa data potumiza pempho ndi imelo. , kapena popanga pempho patsamba la kampaniyo .
OPEN TECHNOLOGIES - mayankho odalirika ochokera kwa atsogoleri adziko lonse, osinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zolinga zanu ndi zolinga zanu.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Mtsogoleri Wopanga Zopanga
Integration Solutions department
Kampani ya Open Technologies
Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. chonde.
Kodi malingaliro anu ndi otani pachitetezo ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mayankho amakampani otengera matekinoloje a Li-Ion?
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16,2%Zoopsa, zodziwotcha ndekha, palibe chomwe sindikanachiyika mu chipinda changa cha seva.11
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10,3%Sindikufuna izi, kotero nthawi ndi nthawi timasintha mabatire akale, ndipo zonse zili bwino.7
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16,2%Tiyenera kuganizira ngati zingakhale zotetezeka komanso zodalirika.11
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23,5%Chochititsa chidwi, ndiyang'ana zotheka.16
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13,2%Chidwi! Ikani ndalama kamodzi - ndipo musawope kugonjetsa malo onse a deta chifukwa cha kulephera kwa batri imodzi yotsogolera.9
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20,6%Zosangalatsa! Ubwino wake umaposa kuipa ndi kuopsa kwake.14
Ogwiritsa 68 adavota. Ogwiritsa ntchito 25 adakana.
Source: www.habr.com