Ukadaulo wamphesa wakhala ukugwira ntchito m'mabwalo apansi panthaka ku New York kwazaka zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimawonekera mosayembekezereka. Nkhani ya mafani a OS/2
Munthu waku New York ndi mlendo amalowa mu siteshoni yapansi panthaka ya 42nd Street, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Times Square. Zikumveka ngati chiyambi cha nthabwala. Kwenikweni ayi: mmodzi wa iwo ali wokondwa kuti iye anafika kumeneko; Kwa ena, izi zimakhumudwitsa kwambiri. Munthu amadziwa momwe angatulukiremo mwachangu momwe angathere. Winayo samayankhula - samayankhula Chingerezi. New Yorker ndi alendo ndi anthu osiyana, koma pakadali pano ndi amodzi. Onsewa akukumana ndi zovuta za Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) komanso kudalirika kosamveka kwa kachitidwe kochita bwino koyambira koyambirira kwa 1990s.
Pa avareji tsiku logwira ntchito mu 2016, njanji yapansi panthaka ku New York idanyamula anthu 5,7 miliyoni [poyerekeza: metro ya Moscow ili ndi 6,7 miliyoni / pafupifupi. kumasulira]. Ichi chinali chapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira 1948. Mukafunsa anthu ambiri ku New Yorker, anganene kuti, "Ndi zimenezo?" Kusakhulupirirako nβkomveka, chifukwa mzindawu uli ndi anthu okhazikika okwana 8 miliyoni, ndipo mβnthawi ya tchuthi kapena patchuthi anthu ambiri amakwera kufika pa 20 miliyoni. Zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri amakonda kukwera taxi.
New York subway turnstiles
Ndizovuta kubetcha zamtsogolo, koma ndizomwe MTA yakhala ikuchita
Mu Marichi pa Tedium za kubetcha kwakukulu kwa IBM pa ma microkernel pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito, omwe anali ndi mitundu ina ya machitidwe awo odziwika bwino a OS/2. Imalongosola mwatsatanetsatane zomwe kampaniyo idawonongeka chifukwa cha kubetcha uku. Komabe, chidaliro cha IBM pakuchita bwino kwa machitidwe ake ogwirira ntchito chinakakamiza makampani ena kupanga malingaliro ofananawo.
Koma kubetcha kwakukulu kunapangidwa ndi MTA, Metropolitan Transit Authority, yomwe inkafunika kupeza njira yochotsera zizindikiro ndikusunthira mu nthawi yomwe chirichonse chinayenera kukhala digito. Zotsatira zake, khadi lampatuko linawonekera . Kagawo kakang'ono ka pulasitiki wachikasu wokhala ndi mizere yakuda yodziwika bwino wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'matumba a New Yorkers kuyambira pomwe adatulutsidwa mu 1993.
Mbiri ya njira yamakono yopezera njanji yapansi panthaka ku New York ndiyosangalatsa mwatsatanetsatane za zomangamanga zapagulu komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito kwa anthu. Koma izi zisanachitike, zingakhale zothandiza kumvetsetsa momwe dongosolo lamakonoli linakhalira. Chifukwa mukamanga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ngati njanji yapansi panthaka ya New York, pamapeto pake iyenera kugwira ntchito momwe mukufunira.
Mumayesa kamodzi kokha - ndipo zolakwa zilizonse zitha kubweretsa mabiliyoni a ndalama zokonzanso ndikukwiyitsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Mwa zosankha zambiri, imodzi yodalirika idasandulika kukhala imodzi mwazolakwitsa zazikulu za IBM.
MetroCards asanu apadera operekedwa kwa David Bowie ndikulipiridwa ndi Spotify. Kwa milungu ingapo kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018, kampaniyo inasintha siteshoni ya Broadway-Lafayette Street/Bleecker Street ku West Village kukhala chipilala cha zojambulajambula polemekeza wojambula yemwe amakhala pafupi. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito kumbuyo kwa MetroCards kutsatsa (ndipo bwanji osatero), MTA imapereka makhadi apadera omwe amathandizidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu. Zosankha za makadi a Supreme zimawononga ndalama zambiri, koma nthawi zina MTA imadumpha ma brand ndikungopanga zinazake zabwino.
Momwe makina ogwiritsira ntchito a IBM, omwe adapanga ma hype ambiri koma osakhala chilichonse chapadera, adapeza nyumba ndikutumikira mamiliyoni.
Π zambiri zosangalatsa zinatchulidwa za OS / 2 za ma microkernels ndi zinthu zina, koma m'nkhaniyi mfundo yakuti OS iyi idakali ndi othandizira ake ndiyofunika kwambiri pamutuwu. Chabwino, tikadakhala kuti popanda izi?
Chifukwa chomwe MTA idaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito OS/2, ndikuyika magawo ena anjanji yapansi panthaka, zikuwonetsa chisangalalo chomwe chidazungulira kukhazikitsidwa kwa OS koyambirira kwa 1990s. Komabe, zokambirana ndi chitukuko zinayamba zaka zingapo m'mbuyomo. Popanda kutsatsa makamaka, Microsoft ndi IBM anali akugwira ntchito pam'badwo wotsatira wa machitidwe opangira. Ngakhale nkhani yamakono ndi yakuti Gates ndi Microsoft anapanga IBM ndi MS-DOS, IBM momveka bwino ankaganiza mosiyana panthawiyo.
M'malo modandaula phindu lomwe linatayika, IBM inkawoneka kuti ikuzindikira kusowa kwake chidziwitso ndipo inayamba kupanga OS m'badwo wotsatira kuyambira pansi, choyamba ndi Microsoft. Ntchitoyi, monga momwe munthu angaganizire, inathera pa IBM mofanana ndi nkhani ya MS-DOS. Komabe, kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, otsogolera a MTA anali m'kati mwa kupeza njira zothetsera zizindikiro zapansi panthaka ndikusintha makadi olipidwa. Ubwino wake udali wodziwikiratu - zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukweza mitengo yamitengo ndikuyambitsa zolipirira zotengera madera. Apaulendo anali ndi mwayi wosankha pakati pa ulendo umodzi kapena ulendo wozungulira, ndipo njira yopanda malire inawonekera kwa nthawi inayake.
Kuti ayambitse zosinthazi, MTA idatembenukira ku kampani yotchuka, IBM. Zinali zomveka panthawiyo.
OS/2 mtundu 2.1
Mlangizi wa OS/2 ndi MTA Neal Waldhauer adati mu imelo: "Panali zaka zingapo zomwe mutha kubetcha pa OS/2."
Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake, muyenera kumvetsetsa nthawi imeneyo. Waldhauer akupitiriza kuti: "Izi zinali chitukuko kuyambira kale Linux ndi Windows. OS/2 imawoneka ngati kubetcha kotetezeka mtsogolo. "
Popanda zosankha, MTA inasankha yabwino kwambiri. Ndipo idagwira ntchito kwazaka makumi angapo ngati imodzi mwamapulogalamu ofunikira pamadongosolo ovuta.
Ikhoza kupulumuka, monga momwe Waldhauer akunenera: "Ndiloleni ndinene kuti malinga ngati MetroCard ikuthandizidwa ndi dongosolo, OS/2 idzapitiriza kugwira ntchito."
Mfundo yosangalatsa kwambiri, popeza MTA ili m'kati mwa kuchotsa MetroCard mokomera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolipira popanda kulumikizana. Kusinthaku kuyenera kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndikuthandiza MTA kusonkhanitsa ndalama zowonjezera.
Zikumveka zosangalatsa, koma n'zosavuta kuona mavuto pamene inu kupenda mbali yachilendo dongosolo panopa MetroCard.
MetroCard yanga, mtundu wa June wa Mwezi wa Gay Pride. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ikhala yovomerezeka kwa miyezi inayi yotalikirapo kuposa MetroCard yokhazikika, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi chokha.
Mzere wodabwitsa wa maginito ndi momwe umakhudzira miyoyo ya anthu
Mwachidule, kusintha kuchokera ku zizindikiro kupita ku MetroCard kunatenga zaka ndipo sikunali kosalala. Zizindikiro zinasiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka cha 2003. Panthawiyo, ma MetroCards anali ovomerezeka pamasiteshoni onse a mumzindawo - koma palibe amene ankawakonda.
Kulowa munjanji yapansi panthaka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta, koma madandaulo okhudza kusuntha makadi ali paliponse. Ndipo mavuto ambiri adawoneka kuti akugwirizana ndi kusokonekera kopusa kwa kulumikizana pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana adongosolo. Ngakhale OS/2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza magawo osiyanasiyana amayendedwe apansi panthaka kupita ku mainframe yayikulu, miyezo ya zigawo zomwe zidaphatikizidwa sizinali zapamwamba kwambiri. Zotembenuka mu siteshoni iliyonse ya NYC ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chosakhala bwino - koma adatha kugwira ntchito ndi IBM system.
Ma ATM amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kudalira OS/2
Ngakhale kuti OS/2 inalephera pamsika wa ogula, inali yodalirika kwambiri, ikupereka moyo wautali m'mafakitale ndi mafakitale - ndipo chitsanzo chimodzi chinali ma ATM. Waldhauer adati, "Poyang'ana machitidwe onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu MTA, OS / 2 mwina ndi gawo lodalirika la dongosolo, kupatulapo mainframe." Ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito panjanji yapansi panthaka ya NYC mu 2019. IBM inasiya izo kalekale, ndipo inalola kampani ina kusunga mapulogalamu ake mu 2001. (Lero kampaniyo imatchedwa amagulitsa mtundu wovomerezeka wa OS/2, , ngakhale ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito ali mumkhalidwe wofanana ndi MTA).
OS/2 imasewera ngati kondakitala munjanji yapansi panthaka ya NYC. Zimathandiza kuphatikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ndi zomwe anthu sazigwiritsa ntchito. Waldhauer akuti, "Palibe mapulogalamu a OS/2 omwe ogwiritsa ntchito angagwire nawo. OS/2 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yolumikizirana pakati pa nkhokwe zazikulu za mainframe ndi makompyuta osavuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse pamasitima apamtunda ndi mabasi. Koma kawirikawiri, makompyuta a OS/2 amagawidwa m'dongosolo lonse.
Tikukamba za opaleshoni yopangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, yomwe inatulutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, monga gawo la mgwirizano wovuta pakati pa zimphona ziwiri zamakono. MTA inayenera kunyalanyaza zambiri za nkhaniyi chifukwa inali itapanga kale chisankho chake ndipo kusintha njira kukanawononga ndalama zambiri.
Kulumikizana kwa backend ndi zida zomwe anthu aku New York ndi alendo odzaona malo amakumana nazo zitha kulumikizidwa mopusa. Ngati mukufuna kufotokoza izi momveka bwino, tiyeni tibwerere ku Waldhauer: "Ndimamva kuti opanga adafuna kuti MetroCard igwire ntchito ndi database ya mainframe, ndipo zida zina zamagetsi zowonongeka zimagwirizanitsa pamodzi."
New York City Subway tokens, pofika tsiku logwiritsiridwa ntchito, kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja: 1953β1970; 1970-1980; 1979-1980; 1980-1986; 1986-1995; 1995-2003.
Tiyeni tsopano tikambirane za mzere wa maginito. Mzere wakuda pansi pa MetroCard iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za chizindikiro, uyenera kugwira ntchito. Momwe zimagwirira ntchito, pazifukwa zomveka, chinsinsi.
"Anthu akhala akubera MetroCard," adatero Waldhauer. Ngati mungayang'ane pa maginito encoding, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timatha tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono. Kujambula kwa mizere ya maginito ndichinsinsi kwambiri moti sindinachiwonepo. Ndizodabwitsa zomwe anthu angachite paulendo waulere. "
Kodi izi zilibe kanthu lero? Inde, kwenikweni sizitero. MTA yanena momveka bwino kuti ikufuna kusamukira ku zolipira zopanda kulumikizana, monga adachitira ndi Oyster Card ku London. Komabe, njirayi ilinso ndi zovuta zake. Iwo adalemba ganyu wamkulu wakale wa London system, ndikuyika cholinga chachikulu chochotsera MetroCard kwathunthu.
Kungoyambitsa dongosolo la OMNY, lomwe lidzatulutsidwa m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi
M'tsogolomu, anthu azitha kulowa mumsewu wapansi panthaka wa New York City monga momwe amachitira pamzere wama roller coasters ku Disneyland lero. Izi zidzafuna kuti munthu anyamule chipangizo cholumikizidwa ndi intaneti chomwe chimakuwongolerani panjira, kaya ndi foni kapena smartwatch. Ndi mwayi uliwonse, tidzakhala ndi makina atsopano ndi MetroCard. Koma palibe zitsimikizo za izi.
Zofunikira zenizeni komanso zaukadaulo zomwe zidapanga njanji yapansi panthaka ku New York zimakhudza pafupifupi aliyense mumzindawu. Anthu aku New York akusintha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zolipirira, ndipo omwe angakwanitse kulipira atero. Ndipo ena onse adzakhala kunyumba.
Source: www.habr.com