Kufinya Windows Server pa VPS yamphamvu yotsika pogwiritsa ntchito Windows Server Core

Chifukwa cha kususuka kwa machitidwe a Windows, chilengedwe cha VPS chimayang'aniridwa ndi magawo opepuka a Linux: Mint, Colibri OS, Debian kapena Ubuntu, opanda malo olemera apakompyuta omwe ali osafunikira pazolinga zathu. Monga amanenera, kutonthoza kokha, kolimba kokha! Ndipo kwenikweni, izi sizokokomeza konse: Debian yemweyo akuyamba pa 256 MB ya kukumbukira ndi pachimake chimodzi ndi 1 Ghz wotchi, ndiko kuti, pafupifupi pafupifupi "chitsa". Kuti mugwire ntchito yabwino mudzafunika osachepera 512 MB ndi purosesa yothamanga pang'ono. Koma bwanji tikadakuuzani kuti mutha kuchita chimodzimodzi pa VPS yomwe ikuyenda Windows? Chifukwa chiyani simukufunika kutulutsa Windows Server yolemetsa, yomwe imafuna mahekitala atatu kapena anayi a RAM komanso ma cores angapo omwe amakhala pa 1,4 GHz? Ingogwiritsani ntchito Windows Server Core - chotsani GUI ndi ntchito zina. Tikambirana momwe tingachitire izi m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi Windows Server Core ndi ndani?

Palibe chidziwitso chodziwikiratu chomwe Windows (seva) Core ilinso patsamba lovomerezeka la Mikes, kapena m'malo mwake, zonse ndi zosokoneza kwambiri kotero kuti simudzamvetsetsa nthawi yomweyo, koma kutchulidwa koyamba kumayambira nthawi ya Windows Server 2008. Kwenikweni, Windows Core ndi Windows kernel Server (mwadzidzidzi!), "yoonda" ndi kukula kwa GUI yake komanso pafupifupi theka la mautumiki apambali.

Mbali yayikulu ya Windows Core ndi zida zake zosafunikira komanso kuwongolera kwathunthu kudzera pa PowerShell.

Mukapita ku tsamba la Microsoft ndikuwona zofunikira zaukadaulo, ndiye kuti muyambe Windows Server 2016/2019 mudzafunika osachepera 2 gigs RAM ndi core imodzi yokhala ndi liwiro la wotchi ya 1,4 GHz. Koma tonse timamvetsetsa kuti ndi kasinthidwe kotereku tingangoyembekezera kuti dongosololi liyambe, koma osati ntchito yabwino ya OS yathu. Ndichifukwa chake Windows Server nthawi zambiri imapatsidwa kukumbukira zambiri komanso ulusi wa 2 / 4 kuchokera ku purosesa, ngati sapereka makina okwera mtengo pa Xeon, m'malo mwa makina otsika mtengo.

Nthawi yomweyo, pachimake pa seva yokhayo imafunikira kukumbukira kwa 512 MB, ndipo zida za processor zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi GUI zimangokokedwa pazenera ndikusunga mautumiki ake ambiri atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zothandiza.

Nayi kufananitsa kwa ntchito za Windows Core zothandizidwa kunja kwa bokosilo ndi Windows Server yathunthu kuchokera patsamba lovomerezeka la Microsoft:

ntchito
pachimake pa seva
seva ndizochitika pakompyuta

Lamulo mwamsanga
lilipo
lilipo

Windows PowerShell/Microsoft .NET
lilipo
lilipo

Zamgululi
sakupezeka
lilipo

Windbg (GUI)
anathandiza
lilipo

Resmon.exe
sakupezeka
lilipo

Regedit
lilipo
lilipo

Fsutil.exe
lilipo
lilipo

Disksnapshot.exe
sakupezeka
lilipo

Diskpart.exe
lilipo
lilipo

Osewera.msc
sakupezeka
lilipo

Zamgululi
sakupezeka
lilipo

Woyang'anira Seva
sakupezeka
lilipo

mmc.exe
sakupezeka
lilipo

Eventwr
sakupezeka
lilipo

Wevtutil (mafunso a zochitika)
lilipo
lilipo

Services.msc
sakupezeka
lilipo

Gawo lowongolera
sakupezeka
lilipo

Kusintha kwa Windows (GUI)
sakupezeka
lilipo

Windows Explorer
sakupezeka
lilipo

Taskbar
sakupezeka
lilipo

Zidziwitso za Taskbar
sakupezeka
lilipo

Taskmgr
lilipo
lilipo

Internet Explorer kapena Edge
sakupezeka
lilipo

Njira yothandizira yomangidwa
sakupezeka
lilipo

Windows 10 Shell
sakupezeka
lilipo

Windows Media Player
sakupezeka
lilipo

PowerShell
lilipo
lilipo

PowerShell ISE
sakupezeka
lilipo

PowerShell IME
lilipo
lilipo

Mstsc.exe
sakupezeka
lilipo

Ntchito Zapa Desktop Zakutali
lilipo
lilipo

Woyang'anira Hyper-V
sakupezeka
lilipo

Monga mukuwonera, zambiri zadulidwa kuchokera ku Windows Core. Ntchito ndi njira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi GUI ya dongosololi, komanso "zinyalala" zilizonse zomwe sizifunikira kwenikweni pamakina athu a console, mwachitsanzo, Windows Media Player, idapita pansi pa mpeni.

Pafupifupi ngati Linux, koma osati

Ndikufuna kufananiza Windows Server Core ndi magawo a Linux, koma kwenikweni izi sizolondola. Inde, machitidwewa ndi ofanana wina ndi mzake ponena za kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazinthu chifukwa cha kusiya GUI ndi ntchito zambiri zapambali, koma ponena za ntchito ndi njira zina zosonkhana, izi ndi Windows, osati dongosolo la Unix.

Chitsanzo chophweka kwambiri ndi chakuti pomanga pamanja Linux kernel ndikuyika phukusi ndi ntchito, ngakhale kugawa kwa Linux kopepuka kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala chinthu cholemetsa komanso chofanana ndi mpeni wa Swiss Army (apa ndikufuna kupanga nthabwala ya accordion za Python). ndikuyika chithunzi kuchokera pamutu wakuti "Ngati Zinenero Zopanga Mapulogalamu Zinali Zida", koma sititero). Mu Windows Core pali ufulu wocheperako, chifukwa, pambuyo pake, tikuchita ndi Microsoft.

Windows Server Core imabwera yokonzeka, kusinthidwa kosasintha komwe kungayesedwe kuchokera patebulo pamwambapa. Ngati mukufuna china chake pamndandanda wosagwirizana, muyenera kuwonjezera zinthu zomwe zikusowa pa intaneti kudzera pa console. Zowona, musaiwale za Chiwonetsero pakufunidwa komanso kuthekera kotsitsa zida monga mafayilo a CAB, omwe amatha kuwonjezeredwa pagulu musanayike. Koma script iyi siigwira ntchito ngati mutapeza kale panthawiyi kuti mukusowa ntchito iliyonse yodulidwa.

Koma chomwe chimasiyanitsa mtundu wa Core kuchokera ku mtundu wonse ndikutha kusinthira dongosolo ndikuwonjezera ntchito popanda kuyimitsa ntchito. Windows Core imathandizira kugudubuzika kwamapaketi, osayambiranso. Zotsatira zake, kutengera zowona zenizeni: makina omwe ali ndi Windows Core amayenera kuyambiranso ~ kuchepera 6 kuposa omwe akuyendetsa Windows Server, ndiko kuti, kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, osati kamodzi pamwezi.

Bonasi yosangalatsa kwa oyang'anira ndikuti ngati makinawa agwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe amafunira - kudzera pa console, popanda RDP - osasinthidwa kukhala Windows Server yachiwiri, ndiye kuti imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mtundu wonse. Kupatula apo, zovuta zambiri za Windows Server zimachitika chifukwa cha RDP ndi zochita za wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe, kudzera mu RDP iyi, amachita zomwe siziyenera kuchitidwa. Zinali ngati nkhani ya Henry Ford ndi mmene amaonera mtundu wa galimoto: “Makasitomala aliyense akhoza kupenta galimoto yamtundu uliwonse umene akufuna malinga ngati ili. chakuda" N'chimodzimodzinso ndi dongosolo: wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulankhulana ndi dongosolo mwanjira iliyonse, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti amachichita kutonthoza.

Ikani ndikuwongolera Windows Server 2019 Core

Tidanena kale kuti Windows Core kwenikweni Windows Server popanda GUI wrapper. Ndiye kuti, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa Windows Server ngati mtundu wapakati, ndiye kuti, kusiya GUI. Pazinthu zomwe zili m'banja la Windows Server 2019, izi ndi 3 mwa 4 zomanga seva: makina oyambira amapezeka pa Windows Server 2019 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2019 Datacenter ndi Hyper-V Server 2019, ndiye kuti, Windows Server 2019 Essentials yokha ndiyomwe imachotsedwa. kuchokera pamndandanda uwu.

Pankhaniyi, simuyenera kuyang'ana phukusi la Windows Server Core. Muzoyika zokhazikika za Microsoft, mtundu wapakati umaperekedwa mwachisawawa, pomwe mtundu wa GUI uyenera kusankhidwa pamanja:

M'malo mwake, pali njira zambiri zoyendetsera dongosolo kuposa zomwe zatchulidwa PowerShell, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi wopanga mwachisawawa. Mutha kuyang'anira makina enieni pa Windows Server Core m'njira zosachepera zisanu:

• PowerShell yakutali;
• Zida Zoyang'anira Seva Yakutali (RSAT);
• Windows Admin Center;
• Sconfig;
• Woyang'anira Seva.

Maudindo atatu oyamba ndi osangalatsa kwambiri: PowerShell yokhazikika, RSAT ndi Windows Admin Center. Komabe, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale timalandira mapindu a chida chimodzi, timalandiranso zofooka zomwe zimapangitsa.

Sitidzafotokozera kuthekera kwa kontrakitala; PowerShell ndi PowerShell, yokhala ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake zodziwikiratu. Ndi RSAT ndi WAC zonse ndizovuta kwambiri. 

WAC imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera machitidwe ofunikira monga kukonza zolembera ndikuwongolera ma disks ndi zida. RSAT m'nkhani yoyamba imangogwira ntchito poyang'ana ndipo sichidzakulolani kuti musinthe, ndikuyang'anira ma disks ndi zipangizo zakuthupi Remote Server Administration Zida zimafuna GUI, zomwe sizili choncho kwa ife. Nthawi zambiri, RSAT singagwire ntchito ndi mafayilo ndipo, motero, zosintha, kukhazikitsa/kuchotsa mapulogalamu pakusintha kaundula.

▍Kasamalidwe kadongosolo

 

WAC
RSAT

Kasamalidwe Kagawo
kuti
kuti

Registry Editor
kuti
No

Network management
kuti
kuti

Chowonera Zochitika
kuti
kuti

Mafoda Ogawana
kuti
kuti

Kusamalira ma disk
kuti
Kwa maseva omwe ali ndi GUI okha

Task Scheduler
kuti
kuti

Kasamalidwe kachipangizo
kuti
Kwa maseva omwe ali ndi GUI okha

Kuwongolera mafayilo
kuti
No

kasamalidwe ka ogwiritsa ntchito
kuti
kuti

Kasamalidwe kamagulu
kuti
kuti

Kasamalidwe ka ziphaso
kuti
kuti

Zosintha
kuti
No

Kuchotsa mapulogalamu
kuti
No

System Monitor
kuti
kuti

Kumbali ina, RSAT imatipatsa mphamvu zonse pamakina, pomwe Windows Admin Center singachite chilichonse pankhaniyi. Nayi kuyerekeza kwa kuthekera kwa RSAT ndi WAC pankhaniyi, kuti timveke bwino:

▍Kusamalira maudindo

 

WAC
RSAT

Chitetezo Chapamwamba cha Ulusi
ONANI
No

Windows Defender
ONANI
kuti

Zotengera
ONANI
kuti

AD Administrative Center
ONANI
kuti

AD Domain ndi Zikhulupiliro
No
kuti

AD masamba ndi ntchito
No
kuti

DHCP
ONANI
kuti

DNS
ONANI
kuti

Woyang'anira DFS
No
kuti

Woyang'anira GPO
No
kuti

Woyang'anira IIS
No
kuti

Ndiko kuti, zikuwonekeratu kuti ngati tisiya GUI ndi PowerShell m'malo mwa maulamuliro ena, sitidzatha kuthawa kugwiritsa ntchito chida chamtundu wina: kuti tiziyang'anira zonse, tidzafunika osachepera. kuphatikiza RSAT ndi WAC.

Komabe, muyenera kukumbukira kuti muyenera kulipira 150-180 megabytes ya RAM kuti mugwiritse ntchito WAC. Mukalumikizidwa, Windows Admin Center imapanga magawo a 3-4 kumbali ya seva, omwe samaphedwa ngakhale chidacho chitachotsedwa pamakina enieni. WAC simagwiranso ntchito ndi mitundu yakale ya PowerShell, chifukwa chake mudzafunika PowerShell 5.0. Zonsezi zimatsutsana ndi malingaliro athu austerity, koma muyenera kulipira chitonthozo. Kwa ife - RAM.

Njira ina yoyendetsera Server Core ndikuyika GUI pogwiritsa ntchito zida za chipani chachitatu, kuti musakoke kuzungulira matani a zinyalala omwe amabwera ndi mawonekedwe pamsonkhano wodzaza.

Pankhaniyi, tili ndi njira ziwiri: tulutsani Explorer yoyambirira padongosolo kapena gwiritsani ntchito Explorer ++. Monga njira ina yotsirizirayi, woyang'anira mafayilo aliyense ndi woyenera: Total Commander, FAR Manager, Double Commander, ndi zina zotero. Chotsatiracho ndichabwino ngati kupulumutsa RAM ndikofunikira kwa inu. Mutha kuwonjezera Explorer++ kapena woyang'anira fayilo wina aliyense popanga foda ya netiweki ndikuyiyambitsa kudzera pa kontrakitala kapena ndandanda.

Kuyika Explorer yathunthu kudzatipatsa mwayi wochulukirapo pogwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi UI. Kwa ichi ife adzayenera kulumikizana ku Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD) yomwe idzabwezera MMC, Eventvwr, PerfMon, Resmon, Explorer.exe komanso Powershell ISE ku dongosolo. Komabe, tidzayenera kulipira izi, monga momwe zilili ndi WAC: tidzataya mosasinthika pafupifupi 150-200 megabytes ya RAM, yomwe idzasokonezedwa mopanda chifundo ndi explorer.exe ndi ntchito zina. Ngakhale palibe wogwiritsa ntchito pamakina.

Izi ndi zomwe kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira ndi dongosolo kumawonekera pamakina omwe alibe komanso opanda phukusi lakwawo la Explorer.

Funso lomveka likubuka apa: chifukwa chiyani kuvina konseku ndi PowerShell, FOD, oyang'anira mafayilo, ngati sitepe iliyonse kumanzere kapena kumanja kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa RAM? Chifukwa chiyani mumadzipaka zida zambiri ndikusuntha uku ndi uku kuti muwonetsetse ntchito yabwino pa Windows Server Core, pomwe mutha kungotsitsa Windows Server 2016/2019 ndikukhala ngati mzungu?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito Server Core. Choyamba: kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira panopa kuli pafupifupi theka la izo. Ngati mukukumbukira, chikhalidwe ichi chinali maziko a nkhani yathu pachiyambi. Poyerekeza, nayi kukumbukira kwa Windows Server 2019, yerekezerani ndi zithunzi zomwe zili pamwambapa:

Ndipo kotero, 1146 MB ya kukumbukira kukumbukira m'malo mwa 655 MB pa Core. 

Pongoganiza kuti simukufuna WAC ndipo mugwiritsa ntchito Explorer++ m'malo mwa Explorer yoyambirira, ndiye inu mudzapambanabe pafupifupi theka la hekitala pamakina aliwonse omwe ali ndi Windows Server. Ngati pali makina amodzi okha, ndiye kuti kuwonjezeka kuli kochepa, koma ngati pali asanu? Apa ndipamene kukhala ndi GUI kumafunikira, makamaka ngati simukufuna. 

Kachiwiri, kuvina kulikonse kozungulira Windows Server Core sikungakutsogolereni kulimbana ndi vuto lalikulu la Windows Server - RDP ndi chitetezo chake (modekha, kusakhalapo kwake). Windows Core, yophimbidwa ndi FOD, RSAT ndi WAC, ikadali seva yopanda RDP, ndiye kuti, siyingatengeke ndi 95% yazomwe zilipo.

Zotsalira

Nthawi zambiri, Windows Core imangokhala yonenepa pang'ono kuposa kugawa kulikonse kwa Linux, koma imagwira ntchito kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kumasula zida ndikukonzekera kugwira ntchito ndi kontrakitala, WAC ndi RSAT, ndikugwiritsa ntchito oyang'anira mafayilo m'malo mwa GUI yodzaza, ndiye kuti Core ndiyofunika kumvetsera. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi iyo mudzatha kupewa kulipira zowonjezera pa Windows yodzaza, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zomwe zasungidwa pakukweza VPS, kuwonjezera apo, mwachitsanzo, RAM. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, tawonjezera Windows Server Core yathu msika.

Source: www.habr.com