Choyamba, mbiri yakale.
Web 1.0 ndi netiweki yopezera zinthu zomwe zidatumizidwa patsamba ndi eni ake. Masamba osasunthika a html, mwayi wowerengeka wokha wodziwa zambiri, chisangalalo chachikulu ndi ma hyperlink omwe amatsogolera patsamba lino ndi masamba ena. Mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi chidziwitso. Nthawi yosamutsira zinthu zapaintaneti ku netiweki: kujambula mabuku, kujambula zithunzi (makamera a digito anali osowa).
Web 2.0 ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe amasonkhanitsa anthu. Ogwiritsa ntchito, okhazikika pa intaneti, amapanga zomwe zili pamasamba. Masamba osinthasintha, kuyika zolemba, kuphatikizika kwa intaneti, ukadaulo wa mash-up, AJAX, ntchito zapaintaneti. Zothandizira zidziwitso zikupita kumalo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kuchititsa mabulogu, ndi wikis. Nthawi yopanga zinthu pa intaneti.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti mawu oti "web 1.0" adangobwera pambuyo pa kubwera kwa "web 2.0" kutanthauza intaneti yakale. Ndipo pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo zokambirana zinayamba za mtundu wamtsogolo wa 3.0. Panali zosankha zingapo zowonera tsogolo ili, ndipo zonsezo, ndithudi, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugonjetsa zofooka ndi zofooka za intaneti 2.0.
Mkulu wa Netscape.com a Jason Calacanis anali okhudzidwa makamaka ndi kuperewera kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo adanena kuti tsogolo la intaneti lidzakhala "anthu aluso" omwe angayambe "kupanga zinthu zapamwamba" (Web 3.0, "official" β tanthauzo, 2007). Lingalirolo ndi lomveka, koma sanafotokoze momwe angachitire izi, pamasamba ati. Chabwino, osati pa Facebook.
Wolemba mawu akuti "web 2.0," Tim O'Reilly, ananena momveka bwino kuti mkhalapakati wosadalirika ngati munthu safunikira kuyika zambiri pa intaneti. Zipangizo zamakono zimatha kuperekanso deta ku intaneti. Ndipo zipangizo zamakono zomwezo zimatha kuwerenga deta mwachindunji kuchokera kusungirako pa intaneti. M'malo mwake, a Tim O'Reilly adaganiza zogwirizanitsa intaneti 3.0 ndi mawu akuti "Intaneti Yazinthu" omwe timawadziwa kale.
M'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee, adawona m'tsogolomu pa intaneti kukwaniritsidwa kwa maloto ake anthawi yayitali (1998) a ukonde wa semantic. Ndipo kutanthauzira kwake kwa mawuwa kunapambana - ambiri mwa omwe adanena kuti "web 3.0" mpaka posachedwa amatanthauza ukonde wa semantic, ndiko kuti, maukonde omwe zomwe zili patsamba lawebusayiti zitha kukhala zotanthawuza pakompyuta, yowerengeka ndi makina. Kwinakwake cha m'ma 2010-2012 panali nkhani zambiri za ontology, mapulojekiti a semantic anabadwira m'magulu, koma zotsatira zake zimadziwika kwa aliyense - tikugwiritsabe ntchito intaneti ya 2.0. M'malo mwake, ma semantic markup scheme okha Schema.org ndi ma graph a chidziwitso cha zimphona zapaintaneti Google, Microsoft, Facebook, ndi LinkedIn ndizomwe zapulumuka.
Mafunde amphamvu atsopano aukadaulo wa digito athandizira kubisala kulephera kwa Semantic Web. Chidwi cha atolankhani ndi anthu wamba chasintha ku data yayikulu, intaneti ya zinthu, kuphunzira mozama, ma drones, zenizeni zenizeni komanso, blockchain. Ngati oyamba pamndandandawo nthawi zambiri amakhala ukadaulo wapaintaneti, ndiye kuti blockchain kwenikweni ndi ntchito yapaintaneti. Pachimake cha kutchuka kwake mu 2017-2018, idanenanso kuti ndi intaneti yatsopano (lingaliroli linafotokozedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa Ethereum, Joseph Lubin).
Koma nthawi inadutsa, ndipo mawu oti "blockchain" anayamba kugwirizana osati ndi kupambana kwamtsogolo, koma ndi ziyembekezo zopanda pake. Ndipo lingaliro lakukonzanso mwachilengedwe lidawuka: tisalankhule za blockchain ngati pulojekiti yodzidalira, koma tiyiphatikize muumisiri wamatekinoloje omwe amawonetsa chilichonse chatsopano komanso chowala. Nthawi yomweyo pa "latsopano" dzina linapezedwa (ngakhale silili latsopano) "web 3.0". Ndipo pofuna kutsimikizira kuti dzinali silinali lachilendo, kunali koyenera kuti muphatikizepo maukonde a semantic mu stack "yowala".
Chifukwa chake, zomwe zikuchitika pano si blockchain, koma maziko a intaneti yapaintaneti 3.0, yomwe ili ndi ukadaulo wambiri: blockchain, kuphunzira pamakina, ukonde wa semantic ndi intaneti yazinthu. M'malemba ambiri omwe adawonekera chaka chatha choperekedwa ku kubadwanso kwatsopano kwa intaneti 3.0, mukhoza kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za zigawo zake zonse, koma tsoka, palibe yankho ku mafunso achilengedwe: kodi matekinolojewa amaphatikizana bwanji mu chinachake. chonse, chifukwa chiyani ma neural network amafunikira intaneti ya zinthu, ndi blockchain ya semantic? Magulu ambiri amangopitirizabe kugwira ntchito pa blockchain (mwinamwake ndi chiyembekezo chopanga crypt yomwe ingagonjetse mpira wa cue, kapena kungogwiritsa ntchito ndalama), koma mothandizidwa ndi "web 3.0". Komabe, pali chinachake chokhudza tsogolo, osati za ziyembekezo zopanda pake.
Koma sikuti zonse zili zachisoni. Tsopano ndiyesera kuyankha mwachidule mafunso omwe afunsidwa pamwambapa.
Chifukwa chiyani ma semantic network amafunikira blockchain? Zoonadi, apa sitiyenera kulankhula za blockchain monga choncho (unyolo wa crypto-linked midadada), koma za teknoloji yomwe imapereka chizindikiritso cha ogwiritsa ntchito, kutsimikiziridwa kwa mgwirizano ndi chitetezo chazinthu zochokera ku njira za cryptographic mu intaneti ya anzanu ndi anzawo. . Chifukwa chake, graph ya semantic monga netiweki yotere imalandira malo osungika odalirika okhala ndi chidziwitso cha cryptographic yamarekodi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Uku sizomwe zili patsamba lamasamba pa kuchititsa kwaulere.
Chifukwa chiyani blockchain yokhazikika imafunikira semantics? Ontology nthawi zambiri imakhudza kugawa zomwe zili m'magawo ndi magawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ukonde wa semantic womwe umaponyedwa pa intaneti ya anzawo-kapena, mophweka, kulinganiza deta yapaintaneti mu graph imodzi ya semantic-imapereka kusanjika kwachilengedwe kwa intaneti, ndiko kuti, kukweza kwake kopingasa. Kukonzekera kwa ma grafu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kufanana ndi kukonzanso deta yodziimira payekha. Izi kale ndi zomanga deta, osati kutaya chirichonse mosasankha mu midadada ndi kusunga izo pa mfundo zonse.
Chifukwa chiyani intaneti ya Zinthu ikufunika semantics ndi blockchain? Chilichonse chikuwoneka ngati chaching'ono ndi blockchain - chimafunika ngati chosungira chodalirika chokhala ndi makina omangira ozindikiritsa ochita (kuphatikiza ma sensor a IoT) pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi a cryptographic. Ndipo semantics, kumbali imodzi, imakupatsani mwayi wolekanitsa kuchuluka kwa data m'magulu amitu, ndiko kuti, imapereka kutsitsa kwa node, kumbali ina, imakupatsani mwayi wopanga zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi zida za IoT kukhala zomveka, motero osadalira mapulogalamu. Mutha kuyiwala zopempha zolemba zamapulogalamu a API.
Ndipo zikuwonekerabe kuti phindu lomwe lilipo ndi chiyani pakuwoloka makina ophunzirira ndi maukonde a semantic? Chabwino, chirichonse chiri chophweka kwambiri apa. Kodi, ngati sichojambula cha semantic, munthu angapezeko zambiri zotsimikizika, zosanjidwa, zofotokozedwa m'njira imodzi, zofunika kwambiri pophunzitsa ma neuron? Kumbali ina, ndi chiyani chomwe chili chabwino kuposa neural network kusanthula graph kuti ikhale yothandiza kapena yoyipa, tinene, kuzindikira malingaliro atsopano, mawu ofanana kapena sipamu?
Ndipo uwu ndi mtundu wa intaneti wa 3.0 womwe timafunikira. Jason Calacanis ati: Ndidakuwuzani kuti zikhala chida chopangira zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri ndi anthu amphatso. Tim Berners-Lee adzakondwera: malamulo a semantics. Ndipo Tim O'Reilly adzakhalanso wolondola: web 3.0 ikunena za "kulumikizana kwa intaneti ndi dziko lapansi," za kusokoneza mzere pakati pa intaneti ndi kunja, tikayiwala mawu oti "pitani pa intaneti."
Njira zanga zam'mbuyomu pamutuwu
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Source: www.habr.com