Windows 10 + Linux. Kukhazikitsa KDE Plasma GUI ya Ubuntu 20.04 mu WSL2. Kuyenda

Mau oyamba

Nkhaniyi idakonzedwa kuti iwonetsedwe ndi oyang'anira makina omwe amakonzekera malo ogwirira ntchito pamakompyuta omwe akuyenda Windows 10, kuphatikiza opanga mapulogalamu.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pali vuto linalake lokhudzana ndi zosatheka kuphatikiza mapulogalamu omwe amapezeka ku Microsoft Store pa intaneti kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwachizolowezi Windows 10 chithunzi. mapulogalamu oikidwa kuchokera ku Microsoft Store amalumikizana ndi akaunti ya Administrator service, ndipo kupanga kwachithunzithunzi kumamalizidwa ndi ntchito sysprep zolakwika zimachitika chifukwa cha izi.

Njira yomwe takambirana m'nkhaniyi imapewa vutoli pokonzekera Windows 10 Chithunzi cha OS chokhala ndi WSL2 subsystem yokonzedweratu, komanso chithunzi cha Ubuntu 20.04 OS chokonzekera ndi KDE Plasma GUI, yomwe ingakhale nayo yake. seti ya pulogalamu yamapulogalamu.

Pali zitsanzo zambiri ndi maphunziro pa intaneti pakukhazikitsa ma WSL subsystems (ie WSL1 ndi WSL2 yatsopano), ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a GUI a Linux based OS system kuchokera ku Ubuntu 16.04 kupita ku Ubuntu 20.04, koma izi zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi ma desktops. pa zomwe zimatchedwa. "yopepuka" xfce4, yomwe ili ndi malire omveka pamakonzedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito. Koma ponena za KDE Plasma GUI ya Ubuntu 20.04, palibe zambiri zomwe zimapezeka paukonde. Koma ndi njira iyi yomwe imapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe pafupifupi opanda malire a mawonekedwe a dongosolo ndi makonzedwe a hardware, ndithudi, poganizira za kuphatikizika kwamakono kwa machitidwe a linux omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu WSL2 subsystem.

Kuyika pulogalamu yofunikira ndikusintha WSL2

Timayang'ana mtundu waposachedwa wa Windows, chifukwa cha izi, mu bar yosaka ya Windows, lowetsani lamulo winver ndipo timapeza zinthu monga izi:

Ndikofunikira kuti mtundu wa OS ndi 1903 kapena 1909 (mitundu yodziwika ya OS iyenera kukhala ndi zosintha za KB4566116), kapena 2004 (kumanga nambala zosachepera 19041), zina zonse zilibe kanthu. Ngati nambala yamtunduwu ndi yocheperako, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukweze ku mtundu waposachedwa wa Windows kuti mubweretsenso zotsatira zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi.

Kuti mumve zambiri, ikani Windows Terminal yaulere pogwiritsa ntchito Microsoft Store (palinso mwayi wotsitsa kuchokera kuzinthu zina):

Timayika X Server X410 kudzera mu Microsoft Store yomweyo, pulogalamuyo imalipidwa, koma pali nthawi yaulere ya masiku 15, yomwe ndi yokwanira kuyesedwa kosiyanasiyana.

Monga njira yaulere ya X410 download ndikuyika seva ya VcXsrv X.

Pamalo aliwonse abwino pa diski, timapanga chikwatu momwe tidzasungiramo mafayilo athu. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tipange chikwatu C:wsl.

Kutsitsa ndikuyika choyimilira cha Ubuntu 20.04, tsegulani fayiloyo pogwiritsa ntchito chosungira (mwachitsanzo, 7-zip). Tchulaninso chikwatu chosapakidwa ndi dzina lalitali Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 ku chinthu chovomerezeka, monga Ubuntu-20.04 ndi kukopera ku chikwatu C:wsl (zimenezi mophweka wsl).

Kutsitsa ndikutsegula mu directory wsl cross-platform sound server PulseAudio v.1.1., timakonzanso mafayilo ake osinthika.

Mu fayilo wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa gawo Load audio drivers statically sinthani mzerewu:

load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0

ndi mu gawo Network access sinthani mzerewu:

load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

Mu fayilo wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf tsitsani ndikusintha mzere

exit-idle-time = -1

Timakonza kachitidwe ka WSL2 molingana ndi zolemba Microsoft. Ndemanga yokhayo ndikuti tatsitsa kale kugawa kwa Ubuntu, ndipo tidzayiyika mu sitepe yotsatira. Kwenikweni, kasinthidwe kameneka kamatsikira kuti mutsegule zowonjezera "Windows Subsystem for Linux" ndi "Virtual Machine Platform", ndikuyambiranso kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha pamakompyuta:

Ngati ndi kotheka download ndikuyika paketi ya Linux kernel mu WSL2.
Timatsegula Windows Terminal ndikusankha njira ya Command Prompt mwa kukanikiza makiyi Ctrl+Shift+2.

Choyamba, timayika mawonekedwe a WSL2, chifukwa chake timalowetsa lamulo:

wsl  --set-default-version 2

Sinthani ku bukhu la Ubuntu 20.04 standalone bootloader, kwa ine izi ndi wslUbuntu-20.04 ndikuyendetsa fayilo ubuntu2004.exe. Mukafunsidwa dzina lolowera, lowetsani dzina lolowera engineer (mutha kuyika dzina lina lililonse), lowetsani mawu anu achinsinsi ndikutsimikizira mawu achinsinsi omwe mwalowa muakaunti yotchulidwa:

Kuthamanga kotsiriza kumawoneka, Ubuntu 20.04 kernel imayikidwa. Tiyeni tiwone kulondola kwa mawonekedwe a WSL2, chifukwa cha izi, mu Windows Terminal, sankhani tabu ya Windows PowerShell ndikulowetsa lamulo:

wsl -l -v

zotsatira za kuphedwa ayenera kukhala motere:

Timakonza firewall ya Microsoft Defender, i.e. zimitsani pa netiweki yapagulu:

Kukhazikitsa Ubuntu 20.04

Mu Windows Terminal, sankhani tabu ya Command Prompt kachiwiri ndikuyika zosintha za Ubuntu 20.04. Kuti muchite izi, pa mzere wolamula, lowetsani:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y

Ikani KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y

kukhazikitsa kumatenga mpaka mphindi 30, kutengera momwe kompyuta imagwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa njira yolumikizira intaneti, tikalimbikitsidwa ndi oyika, timatsimikizira. OK.
Ikani zomasulira zaku Russia ndi mtanthauzira mawu Ubuntu 20.04. Kuti muchite izi, pa mzere wolamula, lowetsani:

sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales

Onjezani mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa KDE Plasma desktop:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y

Timawonjezera mapulogalamu athu a console, mwachitsanzo mc и neofetch:

sudo apt install mc neofetch -y

Timayang'ana zomwe zidachitika, lowetsani mzere wolamula neofetch, onani chithunzi:

Kusintha fayilo ya WSL config /etc/wsl.conf:

sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf

koperani mawuwo pawindo la mkonzi wopanda kanthu lomwe limatsegula:

[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true

sungani zosintha (Ctrl+O), tsimikizirani ntchitoyi ndikutuluka m'malemba (Ctrl+X).

Kutumiza chithunzi chosinthidwa cha Ubuntu-20.04 ku chikwatu chomwe tidapanga wsl. Kuti muchite izi, mu Windows Terminal, sankhaninso tabu ya Windows PowerShell ndikulowetsa lamulo:

wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop

chithunzi chopangidwa chidzatithandiza kuti tigwiritse ntchito poyambitsa / kuyikanso Ubuntu 20.04, ngati kuli kofunikira, zidzatilola kuti tisamutsire ku kompyuta ina.

Kukonzekera mafayilo a bat ndi njira zazifupi pa desktop ya Windows

Pogwiritsa ntchito mkonzi wa Notepad ++, pangani mafayilo a bat (ofunikira mu encoding ya OEM-866 kuti mutulutse bwino zilembo za Cyrillic):
file Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - idapangidwa kuti ipangitse kukhazikitsa koyambirira kwa chithunzi chopangidwa cha Ubuntu 20.04 pakompyuta yokhala ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono ka WSL2 kokhazikitsidwa kale ndi seva ya X. Ngati dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi zikusiyana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa pachitsanzo, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha zoyenera pafayilo iyi ya bat:

@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause

file Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitsenso chithunzi chokonzekera cha Ubuntu 20.04 pakompyuta.

@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause

file Set-default-user.bat - kukhazikitsa wogwiritsa ntchito.

@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause

file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - kukhazikitsidwa kwenikweni kwa KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - kuyambitsa mawonekedwe owonetsera popanda KDE Plasma desktop.

@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo  Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo  Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo  строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo  "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul

Komanso kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta m'mabuku wsl timakonzekera njira zazifupi zolozera ku mafayilo ofananira a bat. Ndiye zomwe zili m'ndandanda wsl zikuwoneka ngati:

Kukhazikitsa KDE Plasma Desktop

Timayang'ana kuti njira zonse zokonzekera zatha, timayesetsa kuyambitsa njira yachidule Plasma-desktop. Pempho lachinsinsi likuwonekera, lowetsani mawu achinsinsi a akauntiyo ndipo ... zenera limatseka. Ziri bwino nthawi yoyamba. Timayesanso - ndipo tikuwona zodziwika bwino za KDE Plasma taskbar. Timasintha mawonekedwe a taskbar, mwachitsanzo, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta, gululo limasunthidwa kumanja kwa chinsalu ndikukhazikika. Timayang'ana makonda akumaloko, ngati kuli kofunikira, onjezani chilankhulo cha Chirasha:

Ngati kuli kofunikira, timabweretsa njira zazifupi zamapulogalamu oyika linux ku KDE Plasma taskbar.

Ngati Ubuntu 20.04 ikufuna kuti mutuluke muakaunti yanu ya ogwiritsa ntchito kuti musinthe zosintha, kapena muyenera kuyambitsanso OS, kuti muchite izi, mu Windows Terminal, lowetsani lamulo:

wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown

Ndi njira yachidule Plasma-desktop kapena Konsole mutha kuyendetsa KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Mwachitsanzo, kukhazikitsa ndi Konsole Mkonzi wazithunzi za GIMP:

Mukamaliza kukhazikitsa, thawani Konsole Mkonzi wazithunzi za GIMP:

GIMP imagwira ntchito, zomwe ndimafuna kuyang'ana.
Ndipo nayi momwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana za linux zimagwirira ntchito ku KDE Plasma mu WSL2:

makonda a KDE Plasma taskbar ali kumanja kwa chinsalu. ndi kanema pa zenera Firefox amasewera ndi phokoso.

Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kusintha mwayi wofikira ku Ubuntu20.04 ndi SSH и RDP, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukhazikitsa mautumiki oyenera ndi lamulo:

sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y

zidziwitso: kuti mutsegule mawu achinsinsi SSH muyenera kusintha fayilo /etc/ssh/sshd_config, ndiye parameter PasswordAuthentication no ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa PasswordAuthentication yes, sungani zosintha ndikuyambitsanso Ubuntu20.04.

Nthawi iliyonse mukayamba Ubuntu20.04, adilesi yamkati ya ip imasintha, musanakhazikitse njira yakutali, muyenera kuyang'ana adilesi yaposachedwa ya ip pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo. ip a:

Chifukwa chake, ip-address iyi iyenera kulowetsedwa muzokhazikitsira gawo SSH и RDP musanayambe.
Umu ndi momwe mwayi wofikira kutali umawonekera SSH kugwiritsa ntchito MobaXterm:

Ndipo izi ndi momwe kupeza kutali kumawonekera RDP:

Kugwiritsa ntchito x seva vcxsrv m'malo mwa x410

Kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa vcxsrv, ikani mabokosi oyenera:

Kusunga kasinthidwe kokhazikitsidwa mu chikwatu wslvcxsrv ndi dzina lokhazikika config.xlaunch.

Kusintha mafayilo a bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat monga mwa malangizo awo.

Kuyambitsa njira yachidule Plasma-desktop, ndipo izi ndi zomwe timapeza:

KDE Plasma desktop imatseka kwathunthu Windows desktop, kusinthana pakati windows of linux ndi windows ntchito timagwiritsa ntchito makiyi odziwika bwino. Alt+Tab, zomwe sizothandiza kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe osasangalatsa a seva ya X adawululidwa vcxsrv - imawonongeka poyambitsa mapulogalamu ena, makamaka GIMP kapena LibreOffice Wolemba. Mwina tiyenera kudikira mpaka Madivelopa kuchotsa anazindikira "nsikidzi", koma izi siziri zotsimikizika ... Choncho, kupeza zotsatira zovomerezeka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito X Server Microsoft x410.

Pomaliza

Komabe, tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa Microsoft, malonda a WSL2 adakhala akugwira ntchito, ndipo m'malingaliro anga osadziwa, opambana kwambiri. Ndipo monga ndikudziwira, opanga akupitiliza "kumaliza" mwamphamvu, ndipo mwina - pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, kachitidwe kakang'ono kameneka kadzawoneka m'ntchito zake zonse.

Source: www.habr.com