Mau oyamba
Nkhaniyi yapangidwira chidwi cha oyang'anira makina omwe amakonza malo ogwirira ntchito pamakompyuta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito OS Windows 10, kuphatikizapo opanga mapulogalamu.
Dziwani kuti pali vuto linalake lokhudzana ndi kulephera kuphatikiza mapulogalamu omwe apezeka ku Microsoft Store kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pachithunzi chapadera. Windows 10Popanda kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, ndifotokoza kuti vutoli likugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti mapulogalamu omwe adayikidwa kuchokera ku Microsoft Store amalumikizidwa ndi akaunti yautumiki ya Administrator, ndipo pamene pulogalamuyo ikamaliza kupanga chithunzi chapadera sysprep zolakwika zimachitika chifukwa cha izi.
Njira yomwe yafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi imakulolani kupewa vutoli mukakonzekera chithunzi cha OS. Windows 10 yokhala ndi dongosolo la WSL2 lomwe lakonzedwa kale, komanso chithunzi cha OS chomwe chakonzedwa kale komanso chokonzedwa kale Ubuntu 20.04 ndi KDE Plasma GUI, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mapulogalamu akeake.
Pali zitsanzo zambiri ndi malangizo pa intaneti okhazikitsa ma subsystem a WSL (monga WSL1 ndi WSL2 yatsopano), ndi zoikamo za GUI za machitidwe a Linux kutengera OS kuyambira pa mtundu. Ubuntu 16.04 ndi kutha Ubuntu 20.04, koma izi zinali zokhudzana kwambiri ndi makompyuta otengera xfce4 yotchedwa "lightweight", yomwe ili ndi zoletsa zomveka bwino pamakina ogwiritsa ntchito. Koma za KDE Plasma GUI ya Ubuntu Pofika pa Epulo 20.04, palibe chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe chinapezeka pa intaneti. Komabe, mtundu uwu umapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito njira zosatha zosintha mawonekedwe a dongosololi komanso makonda a hardware, poganizira momwe Linux system integration imagwirira ntchito mu WSL2 subsystem.
Kuyika pulogalamu yofunikira ndikusintha WSL2
Kuyang'ana mtundu wamakono Windows, pa izi mu bar yosakira Windows lowetsani lamulo winver ndipo timapeza zinthu monga izi:
Ndikofunikira kuti mtundu wanu wa OS ukhale 1903 kapena 1909 (mitundu iyi ya OS iyenera kukhala ndi zosintha zokhazikika za KB4566116), kapena 2004 (nambala yomanga osachepera 19041). Kupanda kutero, sizofunikira. Ngati nambala ya mtunduwo ndi yotsika, tikukulimbikitsani kuti musinthe kukhala mtundu waposachedwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti zotsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi zabwerezedwa molondola. Windows.
Kuti zinthu zina ziyende bwino, timayika yaulere Windows Terminal, pogwiritsa ntchito Microsoft Store (ndizothekanso kutsitsa kuchokera kuzinthu zina):
Timayika X Server X410 kudzera mu Microsoft Store yomweyo, pulogalamuyo imalipidwa, koma pali nthawi yaulere ya masiku 15, yomwe ndi yokwanira kuyesedwa kosiyanasiyana.
Monga njira yaulere ya X410 ndikuyika seva ya VcXsrv X.
Pamalo aliwonse abwino pa diski, timapanga chikwatu momwe tidzasungiramo mafayilo athu. Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tipange chikwatu C:wsl.
ndikuyika chokhazikitsa chokha Ubuntu Pa Epulo 20.04, tsegulani fayilo yomwe yatuluka pogwiritsa ntchito chosungira (monga 7-zip). Sinthani dzina la chikwatu chosatsegulidwa ndi dzina lalitali. Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 ku chinthu chovomerezeka, monga Ubuntu-20.04 ndi kukopera ku chikwatu C:wsl (zimenezi mophweka wsl).
ndikutsegula mu directory wsl cross-platform sound server PulseAudio v.1.1., timakonzanso mafayilo ake osinthika.
Mu fayilo wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa gawo Load audio drivers statically sinthani mzerewu:
load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0
ndi mu gawo Network access sinthani mzerewu:
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1
Mu fayilo wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf tsitsani ndikusintha mzere
exit-idle-time = -1
Timakonza kachitidwe ka WSL2 molingana ndi Microsoft. Chenjezo lokhalo ndi kugawa. Ubuntu Tatsitsa kale, ndipo tidzayiyika mu gawo lotsatira. Mwachidule, kukhazikitsa kumadalira pakulola zigawo zina za "Subsystem" Windows chifukwa Linux" ndi "Virtual Machine Platform", kenako yambaninso kuti mugwiritse ntchito zosinthazo pa makonda a kompyuta:
Ngati ndi kotheka ndikuyika phukusi losintha kernel Linux mu WSL2.
Yambitsani Windows Chotsekera ndikusankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito Command Prompt mwa kukanikiza makiyi Ctrl+Shift+2.
Choyamba, timayika mawonekedwe a WSL2, chifukwa chake timalowetsa lamulo:
wsl --set-default-version 2
Pitani ku chikwatu chokhala ndi bootloader yodziyimira payokha Ubuntu 20.04, kwa ine ndi wslUbuntu-20.04 ndikuyendetsa fayilo ubuntu2004.exe. Mukafunsidwa dzina lolowera, lowetsani dzina lolowera engineer (mutha kuyika dzina lina lililonse), lowetsani mawu anu achinsinsi ndikutsimikizira mawu achinsinsi omwe mwalowa muakaunti yotchulidwa:
Chotsatira chotsiriza chinawonekera, kernel Ubuntu 20.04 yayikidwa. Tiyeni tiwone ngati mawonekedwe a WSL2 akonzedwa bwino. Kuti tichite izi, Windows Chosungira, sankhani chizindikiro Windows PowerShell ndipo lowetsani lamulo:
wsl -l -v
zotsatira za kuphedwa ayenera kukhala motere:
Timakonza firewall ya Microsoft Defender, i.e. zimitsani pa netiweki yapagulu:
kusintha Ubuntu 20.04
В Windows Mu Terminal, sankhaninso tabu ya Command Prompt ndikuyika zosintha za Ubuntu 20.04. Kuti muchite izi, lowetsani zotsatirazi mu mzere wa lamulo:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y
Ikani KDE Plasma desktop:
sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y
kukhazikitsa kumatenga mpaka mphindi 30, kutengera momwe kompyuta imagwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa njira yolumikizira intaneti, tikalimbikitsidwa ndi oyika, timatsimikizira. OK.
Kukhazikitsa kutanthauzira kwa Chirasha ndi madikishonale Ubuntu 20.04. Kuti muchite izi, lowetsani zotsatirazi mu mzere wa lamulo:
sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales
Onjezani mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa KDE Plasma desktop:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Timawonjezera mapulogalamu athu a console, mwachitsanzo mc и neofetch:
sudo apt install mc neofetch -y
Timayang'ana zomwe zidachitika, lowetsani mzere wolamula neofetch, onani chithunzi:
Kusintha fayilo ya WSL config /etc/wsl.conf:
sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
koperani mawuwo pawindo la mkonzi wopanda kanthu lomwe limatsegula:
[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true
sungani zosintha (Ctrl+O), tsimikizirani ntchitoyi ndikutuluka m'malemba (Ctrl+X).
Kutumiza chithunzi chomwe chakonzedwa Ubuntu-20.04 mu kabukhu komwe tidapanga wslPachifukwa ichi, Windows Chosungira kachiwiri sankhani chizindikiro Windows PowerShell ndipo lowetsani lamulo:
wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
Chithunzi chomwe chapangidwa chidzatithandiza kuyendetsa ntchito zoyambitsa/kukhazikitsanso zomwe zakonzedwa Ubuntu 20.04, ngati kuli kofunikira, idzakuthandizani kusamutsa mosavuta ku kompyuta ina.
Kukonzekera mafayilo a bat ndi njira zazifupi za desktop Windows
Pogwiritsa ntchito mkonzi wa Notepad ++, pangani mafayilo a bat (ofunikira mu encoding ya OEM-866 kuti mutulutse bwino zilembo za Cyrillic):
file Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat — yopangidwa kuti izitha kukhazikitsa koyamba kwa chithunzi chomwe chapangidwa Ubuntu 20.04 pa kompyuta yokhala ndi WSL2 subsystem yokonzedweratu ndi seva ya X. Ngati dzina lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi zikusiyana ndi zomwe zatchulidwa mu chitsanzo, muyenera kusintha koyenera pa fayilo iyi ya .bat:
@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause
file Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat — yopangidwa kuti ikhazikitsenso chithunzi chokonzedwa Ubuntu 20.04 pa kompyuta.
@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause
file Set-default-user.bat - kukhazikitsa wogwiritsa ntchito.
@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause
file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - kukhazikitsidwa kwenikweni kwa KDE Plasma desktop.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
file Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - kuyambitsa mawonekedwe owonetsera popanda KDE Plasma desktop.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
Komanso kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta m'mabuku wsl timakonzekera njira zazifupi zolozera ku mafayilo ofananira a bat. Ndiye zomwe zili m'ndandanda wsl zikuwoneka ngati:
Kukhazikitsa KDE Plasma Desktop
Timayang'ana kuti njira zonse zokonzekera zatha, timayesetsa kuyambitsa njira yachidule Plasma-desktop. Pempho lachinsinsi likuwonekera, lowetsani mawu achinsinsi a akauntiyo ndipo ... zenera limatseka. Ziri bwino nthawi yoyamba. Timayesanso - ndipo tikuwona zodziwika bwino za KDE Plasma taskbar. Timasintha mawonekedwe a taskbar, mwachitsanzo, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta, gululo limasunthidwa kumanja kwa chinsalu ndikukhazikika. Timayang'ana makonda akumaloko, ngati kuli kofunikira, onjezani chilankhulo cha Chirasha:
Ngati kuli kofunikira, timabweretsa njira zazifupi zamapulogalamu oyika linux ku KDE Plasma taskbar.
ngati Ubuntu 20.04 imafuna kuti mutuluke mu akaunti yanu ya ogwiritsa ntchito kuti mugwiritse ntchito zosintha pa makonda, kapena muyenera kuyambitsanso OS, kuti muchite izi mu Windows Mu Terminal, lowetsani lamulo:
wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown
Ndi njira yachidule Plasma-desktop kapena Konsole mutha kuyendetsa KDE Plasma GUI Ubuntu 20.04. Mwachitsanzo, tidzayika pogwiritsa ntchito Konsole Mkonzi wazithunzi za GIMP:
Mukamaliza kukhazikitsa, thawani Konsole Mkonzi wazithunzi za GIMP:
GIMP imagwira ntchito, zomwe ndimafuna kuyang'ana.
Ndipo nayi momwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana za linux zimagwirira ntchito ku KDE Plasma mu WSL2:
makonda a KDE Plasma taskbar ali kumanja kwa chinsalu. ndi kanema pa zenera Firefox amasewera ndi phokoso.
Ngati kuli kofunikira, mutha kukonza mwayi wolowera ku Ubuntu20.04 mpaka SSH и RDP, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukhazikitsa mautumiki oyenera ndi lamulo:
sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y
zidziwitso: kuti mutsegule mawu achinsinsi SSH muyenera kusintha fayilo /etc/ssh/sshd_config, ndiye parameter PasswordAuthentication no ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa PasswordAuthentication yes, sungani zosintha ndikuyambitsanso Ubuntu20.04.
Pa kampani iliyonse yoyambira UbuntuPa Epulo 20.04, adilesi ya IP yamkati imasintha. Musanakhazikitse mwayi wolowera patali, muyenera kuyang'ana adilesi ya IP yomwe ilipo pogwiritsa ntchito lamuloli. ip a:
Chifukwa chake, ip-address iyi iyenera kulowetsedwa muzokhazikitsira gawo SSH и RDP musanayambe.
Umu ndi momwe mwayi wofikira kutali umawonekera SSH kugwiritsa ntchito MobaXterm:
Ndipo izi ndi momwe kupeza kutali kumawonekera RDP:
Kugwiritsa ntchito x seva vcxsrv m'malo mwa x410
Kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa vcxsrv, ikani mabokosi oyenera:
Kusunga kasinthidwe kokhazikitsidwa mu chikwatu wslvcxsrv ndi dzina lokhazikika config.xlaunch.
Kusintha mafayilo a bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat monga mwa malangizo awo.
Kuyambitsa njira yachidule Plasma-desktop, ndipo izi ndi zomwe timapeza:
Desktop ya KDE Plasma imaphimba desktop yonse WindowsKuti tisinthe pakati pa mawindo a Linux ndi Windows, timagwiritsa ntchito makiyi odziwika bwino Alt+Tab, zomwe sizothandiza kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe osasangalatsa a seva ya X adawululidwa vcxsrv - imawonongeka poyambitsa mapulogalamu ena, makamaka GIMP kapena LibreOffice Wolemba. Mwina tiyenera kudikira mpaka Madivelopa kuchotsa anazindikira "nsikidzi", koma izi siziri zotsimikizika ... Choncho, kupeza zotsatira zovomerezeka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito X Server Microsoft x410.
Pomaliza
Komabe, tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa Microsoft, malonda a WSL2 adakhala akugwira ntchito, ndipo m'malingaliro anga osadziwa, opambana kwambiri. Ndipo monga ndikudziwira, opanga akupitiliza "kumaliza" mwamphamvu, ndipo mwina - pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, kachitidwe kakang'ono kameneka kadzawoneka m'ntchito zake zonse.
Source: www.habr.com
