Machitidwe opangira ntchito ndiye maziko amakampani amakono. Kumbali imodzi, amadya zinthu zamtengo wapatali za seva zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zothandiza kwambiri. Kumbali inayi, makina ogwiritsira ntchito amagwira ntchito ngati oimba a mapulogalamu a seva ndipo amakulolani kuti mutembenuzire makina ogwiritsira ntchito ntchito imodzi kukhala nsanja ya multitasking, komanso amathandizira kuyanjana kwa onse omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zipangizo. Tsopano chachikulu cha machitidwe opangira ma seva ndi Windows Server + magawo angapo a Linux amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iliyonse mwa makina ogwiritsira ntchitowa ili ndi zabwino zake, zoyipa zake komanso ma niches ake. Lero tikambirana mwachidule za machitidwe omwe amabwera ndi ma seva athu.
Windows Server
Makina ogwiritsira ntchitowa ndiwodziwika kwambiri m'gulu lamakampani, ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito wamba amaphatikiza Windows ndi mtundu wapakompyuta wama PC. Kutengera ntchito ndi zomangamanga zofunika kuti zithandizire, makampani tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya Windows Server, kuyambira ndi Windows Server 2003 ndi kutha ndi mtundu waposachedwa - Windows Server 2019. Windows Server 2003, 2008 R2, 2016 ndi 2019.
Windows Server 2003 imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuthandizira machitidwe amakampani ndi maukonde omangidwa pa Windows XP. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mtundu wa Microsoft wa desktop OS, womwe unasiyidwa zaka zisanu zapitazo, ukugwiritsidwabe ntchito, chifukwa mapulogalamu ambiri opanga eni ake adalembedwa nthawi imodzi. Zomwezo zimapitanso Windows Server 2008 R2 ndi Windows Server 2016 - ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu akale koma ogwira ntchito motero akugwiritsidwabe ntchito lero.
Ubwino waukulu wa maseva omwe akuyendetsa Windows ndi kumasuka kwa kayendetsedwe kake, zambiri zambiri, zolemba ndi mapulogalamu. Kuphatikiza apo, simungathe kuchita popanda seva ya Windows ngati chilengedwe cha kampaniyo chikuphatikiza mapulogalamu kapena mayankho omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malaibulale ndi magawo a kernel a Microsoft system. Mutha kuwonjezeranso ukadaulo wa RDP kuti ogwiritsa ntchito athe kugwiritsa ntchito seva komanso kusinthasintha kwadongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, Windows Server ili ndi mtundu wopepuka wopanda GUI wogwiritsa ntchito zida pamlingo wagawidwe la Linux - Windows Server Core, yomwe . Timatumiza ma seva onse a Windows ndi chilolezo chotsegulidwa (chaulere kwa ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano).
Zoyipa za Winserver zikuphatikiza magawo awiri: mtengo walayisensi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Pakati pa machitidwe onse a seva, Windows Server ndi yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo imafuna purosesa imodzi yokha komanso kuchokera ku gigabytes imodzi ndi theka kufika pa gigabytes atatu a RAM kuti ntchito zazikuluzikulu zigwire ntchito. Dongosololi siliyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu zochepa, komanso lili ndi zovuta zingapo zokhudzana ndi RDP ndi mfundo zamagulu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri, Windows Server imapangidwira kuyang'anira ma intranet amakampani ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapulogalamu enaake, ma database a MSSQL, zida za ASP.NET kapena mapulogalamu ena opangidwa makamaka a Windows. Nthawi yomweyo, iyi ikadali OS yokwanira yomwe mutha kuyikapo njira, kukweza DNS kapena ntchito ina iliyonse.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu ndi imodzi mwamagawidwe otchuka komanso omwe akukula pang'onopang'ono a banja la Linux, lomwe linatulutsidwa koyamba mu 2004. Kamodzi "amayi apakhomo" akupita ku chipolopolo cha Gnome, patapita nthawi Ubuntu idakhala OS yosasinthika ya seva chifukwa cha dera lake lalikulu komanso chitukuko chopitilira. Mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri ndi 18.04, koma timaperekanso ma seva a 16.04, ndipo pafupifupi sabata yapitayo tidayambitsa. , zomwe zinabweretsa zabwino zambiri.
Ngati Windows Server idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati OS kuthandizira mapulogalamu apadera komanso opangidwa ndi Windows, ndiye Ubuntu monga kugawa kwa Linux ndi nkhani yokhudza gwero lotseguka ndi chitukuko cha intaneti. Chifukwa chake, ndi maseva a Linux omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchititsa maseva apaintaneti pa Nginx kapena Apache (mosiyana ndi Microsoft IIS), kugwira ntchito ndi PostgreSQL ndi MySQL kapena zilankhulo zodziwika bwino za scripting. Ntchito zowongolera ndi kuyendetsa magalimoto zidzakwaniranso bwino pa seva ya Ubuntu.
Ubwinowu umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa kuposa Windows Server, komanso ntchito yachibadwidwe ndi console ndi oyang'anira phukusi pamakina onse a Unix. Kuphatikiza apo, Ubuntu, pokhala "desktop home Unix", ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'anira.
Choyipa chachikulu ndi Unix, ndi zonse zomwe zikutanthauza. Ubuntu ukhoza kukhala wochezeka, koma wachibale ndi machitidwe ena a Linux. Chifukwa chake kuti mugwire nawo ntchito, makamaka pakusintha kwathunthu kwa seva - ndiye kuti, kudzera pa terminal - mudzafunika maluso ena. Kuphatikiza apo, Ubuntu imayang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito payekha ndipo sikoyenera nthawi zonse kuthetsa milandu yamakampani.
Debian
Ndizodabwitsa kuti Debian ndiye kholo la Ubuntu wotchuka kwambiri womwe tatchula kale. Kumanga koyamba kwa Debian kudasindikizidwa zaka zoposa 25 zapitazo - kubwerera ku 1994, ndipo inali code ya Debian yomwe inapanga maziko a Ubuntu. M'malo mwake, Debian ndi imodzi mwazakale kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo zogawa zolimba pakati pa mabanja a Linux. Ngakhale kufanana konse kwa Ubuntu, mosiyana ndi "wolowa m'malo" wake, Debian sanalandire mulingo womwewo waubwenzi wogwiritsa ntchito ngati dongosolo laling'ono. Komabe, izi zilinso ndi ubwino wake. Debian imasinthasintha kuposa Ubuntu ndipo imatha kukonzedwa mozama ndikuthana bwino ndi ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza zamakampani.
Ubwino waukulu wa Debian ndi chitetezo chake chachikulu komanso kukhazikika poyerekeza ndi Ubuntu komanso, makamaka Windows. Ndipo zachidziwikire, monga dongosolo lililonse la Linux, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, makamaka ngati seva ya OS yoyendetsa terminal. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la Debian ndilotseguka, kotero dongosololi limayang'ana kwambiri kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera ndi mayankho aulere.
Komabe, kusinthasintha, hardcore ndi chitetezo zimabwera pamtengo. Debian imapangidwa ndi gulu lotseguka lopanda maziko omveka bwino kudzera mu dongosolo la ambuye anthambi, ndi zonse zomwe zikutanthauza. Panthawi ina, Debian ili ndi mitundu itatu: yokhazikika, yosakhazikika komanso yoyesera. Vuto ndilakuti nthambi yachitukuko chokhazikika imatsalira kumbuyo kwa nthambi yoyeserera, ndiye kuti, nthawi zambiri pamakhala magawo achikale ndi ma module mu kernel. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kumangidwanso kwa kernel kapena kusintha kupita kunthambi yoyesera ngati ntchito zanu zikupitilira kuthekera kwa mtundu wokhazikika wa Debian. Ku Ubuntu kulibe zovuta zotere ndi kusweka kwa mtundu: pamenepo, opanga amamasula mtundu wokhazikika wa LTS wazaka ziwiri zilizonse.
CentOS
Chabwino, tiyeni titsirize zokambirana zathu za machitidwe a seva ya RUVDS pa CentOS. Poyerekeza ndi Ubuntu wamkulu kwambiri ndipo, makamaka, Debian, CentOS amawoneka ngati wachinyamata. Ndipo ngakhale dongosolo lidatchuka pakati pa anthu osati kale kwambiri, monga Debian kapena Ubuntu, kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu wake woyamba kunachitika nthawi yomweyo Ubuntu, ndiye kuti, mu 2004.
CentOS imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamaseva enieni, chifukwa ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuposa Ubuntu kapena Debian. Timatumiza masinthidwe omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya OS iyi: CentOS 7.6.1810 ndi CentOS 7.2.1510 yakale. Chofunikira chachikulu ndi ntchito zamakampani. CentOS ndi nkhani yokhudza ntchito. Osagwiritsa ntchito nyumba, monga momwe zinalili, mwachitsanzo, ndi Ubuntu, CentOS idapangidwa nthawi yomweyo ngati kugawa kwa RedHat kutengera code yotseguka. Ndilo cholowa chochokera ku RedHat chomwe chimapatsa CentOS zabwino zake zazikulu - kuyang'ana kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto amakampani, kukhazikika ndi chitetezo. Chochitika chodziwika bwino chogwiritsa ntchito makinawa ndi kuchititsa masamba, momwe CentOS imawonetsa zotsatira zabwinoko kuposa magawo ena a Linux.
Komabe, dongosololi lilinso ndi zovuta zingapo. Kukula kolephereka komanso kusintha kosinthika kuposa Ubuntu kumatanthauza kuti nthawi ina mudzayenera kupirira zofooka kapena zovuta zomwe zathetsedwa kale pamagawidwe ena. Dongosolo losinthira ndikuyika zida ndizosiyananso: palibe apt-get, phukusi la yum ndi RPM. Komanso, CentOS siyoyenera kuchititsa ndikugwira ntchito ndi mayankho a Docker/k8s, momwe Ubuntu ndi Debian ndizopambana. Zomalizazi ndizofunikira chifukwa kuwonekera kwa ma seva ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kudzera muzotengera kwakhala kukukulirakulira m'malo a DevOps m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ndipo zowonadi, CentOS ili ndi gulu laling'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Debian ndi Ubuntu wotchuka kwambiri.
M'malo mwa zotsatira
Monga mukuwonera, OS iliyonse ili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake ndipo yalandila niche yake. Ma seva omwe ali ndi Windows amasiyanitsidwa - chilengedwe cha Microsoft, titero, chili ndi mlengalenga ndi malamulo ake ogwirira ntchito.
Zogawa zonse za Linux ndizofanana wina ndi mnzake pakugwiritsa ntchito zida, koma zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awoawo komanso kusiyana kutengera ntchito yomwe ikugwira. Ubuntu ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, Debian imakonzedwa bwino. CentOS ikhoza kukhala m'malo mwa RedHat yolipidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira ngati mukufuna OS yokhazikika mumtundu wa unix. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndizofooka pankhani za kusungitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina.Mulimonsemo, mutha kulumikizana ndi akatswiri athu ndipo tidzakusankhani yankho lofunikira ndikukukonzerani kutengera ntchito zanu.
Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. chonde.
Okondedwa owerenga, ndi seva iti ya OS yomwe mumaiona kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri?
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22,9%Windows server119
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32,9%Zosintha
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40,4%Ubuntu 210
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34,8%CentOS 181
Ogwiritsa ntchito 520 adavota. Ogwiritsa 102 adakana.
Source: www.habr.com