Komwe mungapite ndi chidziwitso ichi, choti muchite mu polojekitiyi ndi ndalama zingati zomwe mungatenge, zomwe munganene ndikufunsa pa zokambirana - akuti Alexander Titov, woyang'anira mnzake wa Express 42 ndi wolemba. .
Moni! Ngakhale mawu akuti DevOps akhalapo kuyambira 2009, palibe mgwirizano pakati pa anthu aku Russia. Mwina mwawonapo kuti ena amaona kuti DevOps ndi yapadera, ena amawona kuti ndi nzeru, ndipo ena amawona mawuwa ngati matekinoloje. Ndachita kale nthawi zambiri ndi za chitukuko cha njira iyi, kotero ine sindidzapita mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhaniyi. Ndiloleni ndingonena kuti ku Express 42 tikuphatikiza zotsatirazi mmenemo:
DevOps ndi njira inayake, chikhalidwe chopangira zinthu za digito, akatswiri onse agulu atenga nawo gawo popanga.
Pachitukuko chamakampani chapamwamba, chilichonse chimayenda motsatana: kukonza, kuyesa kenako kugwira ntchito, ndipo kuthamanga kwa njirayi kuchokera pamalingaliro kupita kukupanga ndi miyezi itatu. Ili ndi vuto lapadziko lonse lazinthu zamagetsi, chifukwa n'zosatheka kulandira mwamsanga ndemanga kuchokera kwa makasitomala.
Mu DevOps, zida ndi njira zidapangidwa kuti ziwonetsetse kuti chitukuko, kuyesa ndi ntchito zikuyenda nthawi imodzi.
Kodi chikutsatira njira imeneyi?
- Simungalembe ntchito "injiniya" yemwe angabwere kudzathetsa mavuto onse popanga. Gulu lonse liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njirayo.
- DevOps SI mtundu wotsatira wa sysadmin kuti mukweze. "DevOps engineer" imamveka mofanana ndi "Agile wopanga."
- Ngati gulu likugwiritsa ntchito Kubernetes, Ansible, Prometheus, Mesosphere ndi Docker, izi sizikutanthauza kuti machitidwe a DevOps akhazikitsidwa pamenepo.
Moyo pambuyo pa DevOps sudzakhala wofanana
Njira ya DevOps ndiyo, choyamba, njira yosiyana yoganizira, malingaliro a chitukuko chonse ndi malo omwe munthu ali nawo. Tidagawa maphunziro athu apaintaneti kukhala midadada iwiri:
1. Kudzilamulira
Choyamba, timayang'ana mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo la njira ya DevOps, ndipo ophunzira amapeza maudindo atsopano m'gululi, awona omwe akuyankha kwambiri, ndikudzipangira okha njira yoti apange.
2. Zida ndi machitidwe
Ophunzira amaphunzira matekinoloje apadera malinga ndi njira ya DevOps.
Zida za DevOps zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito munjira ya DevOps komanso pakukula kwachikale. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chida cha Ansible configuration. Idapangidwa ndikupangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito machitidwe a DevOps "Infrastructure as Code", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti maiko osiyanasiyana amafotokozedwera, kuyambira pa zoikamo za opareshoni kupita ku mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito. Kufotokozera kumagawidwa m'magawo ndipo kumakupatsani mwayi wowongolera zovuta, zosintha nthawi zonse. Koma mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Ansible ngati njira yoyendetsera zolemba za bash pamakina angapo. Izi sizoyipa kapena zabwino, koma muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kupezeka kwa Ansible sikutsimikizira kupezeka kwa DevOps pakampani.
Tili mkati Mudzakhala omizidwa mukupanga pulogalamu yofanana ndi Reddit yotchuka, kuyambira ndi mtundu wake wa monolithic, kusuntha pang'onopang'ono kupita ku ma microservices. Pang'onopang'ono tidzadziwa zida zatsopano: Git, Ansible, Gitlab ndikumaliza ndi Kubernetes ndi Prometheus.
Pankhani ya machitidwe, tidzatsatira njira za njira zitatu zomwe zafotokozedwa mu DevOps Handbook - machitidwe opereka mosalekeza, machitidwe oyankha, ndipo mfundo yaikulu ya maphunziro onse ndi chizolowezi chophunzira mosalekeza pamodzi ndi dongosolo lanu.
Kodi kudziwa kumeneku kumapereka chiyani kwa aliyense wa akatswiri?
Kwa oyang'anira dongosolo
Zochita zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchoke pazaudindo kuti mupange mapaipi osalekeza komanso nsanja yoperekera mapulogalamu. Mfundo ndi yakuti iye amalenga mankhwala - nsanja zomangamanga kwa Madivelopa amene amawathandiza mwamsanga kukankhira kusintha awo kupanga.
M'mbuyomu, oyang'anira machitidwe anali malo otsiriza, pambuyo pake zonse zimapita kupanga. Ndipo makamaka iwo anali kuchita zozimitsa moto mosalekeza - chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala zovuta kufufuza zosowa za bizinesi, ganizirani za malonda ndi ubwino wa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Chifukwa cha njira ya DevOps, malingaliro amasintha. Woyang'anira dongosolo amamvetsetsa momwe angamasulire kasinthidwe kukhala code, ndi machitidwe ati omwe alipo pa izi.
Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa makampani akuzindikira kuti samangofunika kupanga chilichonse, i.e. mu zomwe oyang'anira masukulu akale adazolowera kuchita, omwe kuphatikiza izi sanalankhule pang'ono ndipo sanadziwitse gulu za zosintha zonse zomwe zidapangidwa. Tsopano magulu akuyang'ana omwe adzakhale opanga zida zamkati zamkati ndikuthandizira kuphatikiza njira zolekanitsa kukhala imodzi.
Madivelopa
Wopanga mapulogalamu amasiya kuganiza mu ma algorithms okha. Amapeza luso logwira ntchito ndi zomangamanga, luso la chidziwitso cha zomangamanga za malo. Wopanga mapulogalamu wotere amamvetsetsa momwe ntchitoyo imagwirira ntchito, momwe imadutsa paipi yoperekera mosalekeza, momwe angayang'anire, momwe angalembetsere kuti apindule ndi kasitomala. Zotsatira zake, chidziwitso chonsechi chimakulolani kuti mulembe code yoyenera.
Kwa oyesa
Kuyesa kwakhala kukuyenda modzidzimutsa; tonse timanena kuti mayeso ambiri sayenera kuchitidwa, koma olembedwa :) Kuyesa kumakhala gawo la payipi yonse yobweretsera katundu wanu. Woyesa sayenera kungophunzira kulemba kachidindo, komanso kumvetsetsa momwe angaphatikizire mu machitidwe operekera mosalekeza, momwe angalandirire ndemanga kuchokera ku code pazigawo zonse zoperekera, komanso momwe angasinthire kuyesa nthawi zonse kuti azindikire zolakwika monga msanga momwe ndingathere.
Choncho likukhalira kuti magawo atatu onsewa zimachitika nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, zitha kuwoneka motere:
Wopangayo amalemba kachidindo, nthawi yomweyo amalemba mayeso ake, ndikufotokozera chidebe cha docker pama code omwe amayenera kuyendetsedwa. Ikufotokozanso nthawi yomweyo kuwunika komwe kudzayang'anire momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera pakupanga, ndikuchita zonsezi.
Kuphatikiza kopitilira kuyambika, njira zimayenda nthawi imodzi. Ntchitoyi imayamba ndikukonzedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, chidebe cha docker chimayamba ndikuwunikiridwa kuti chikuyenda. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidziwitso chonse chimapita ku ndondomeko yodula mitengo. Ndi zina zotero pa gawo lililonse lachitukuko - zimakhala ngati gulu lenileni la oyang'anira dongosolo, opanga ndi oyesa.
Ndinaphunzira DevOps, kenako nchiyani?
Monga mukudziwa, m'munda si msilikali. Ngati kampani yanu sigwiritsa ntchito njirayi, luso lomwe mwapeza lidzakhala lopanda ntchito. Ndipo mutatha kudziwana ndi njira za DevOps, simungafune kukhala cog pakukula kwamakampani. Pakhoza kukhala chosiyana chimodzi: ndinu woyang'anira gulu pagulu ndipo mutha kumanganso njira zonse m'njira yatsopano. Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera apa kuti pali makampani ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ndipo sakhudzidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndipo akufunafuna akatswiri. Chifukwa DevOps ikufuna kupanga zinthu zapaintaneti.
Ndipo tsopano za zinthu zabwino: luso la machitidwe ndi zida za DevOps pafupifupi +30% ku mtengo wanu pamsika wantchito. Malipiro amayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 140, koma amatsimikiziridwa, mwachilengedwe, ndi luso lanu lalikulu ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Mutha kuyang'ana ntchito zolembedwa kuti "zokhazikika", pomwe pali zoyeserera zokha, kupanga ma microservice applications pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amtambo, mipata ya akatswiri opanga zomangamanga ndi mitundu yonse ya ma DevOps. Ingokumbukirani kuti kampani iliyonse imatanthawuza chosiyana ndi tanthauzo ili - werengani kufotokozera mosamala.
Poyambitsa maphunziro athu, chidziwitso chinandidzera - anthu ambiri pambuyo pa maphunzirowa amagwera mumsampha wa injiniya wa DevOps. Amapeza mwayi wokhala ndi mutu womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa, amalandira mwayi wabwino, ndiyeno amabwera kudzagwira ntchito ndikuzindikira kuti ayenera kusunga tsamba la bash lamasamba atatu ku Jenkins. Kodi Kubernetes, ChatOps, kutulutsidwa kwa canary ndi zonsezi zili kuti? Koma palibe, chifukwa kampaniyo sifunikira DevOps ngati njira, koma imagwiritsa ntchito zatsopano.
Ichi ndi chifukwa chodziwikiratu kuchokera ku kampani momwe njira yoperekera mapulogalamu imagwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwaukadaulo ndi maudindo omwe mudzachita.
Ngati abwana akuyankha mafunso anu momveka bwino, ngati kuti akuchokera m'buku, popanda tsatanetsatane, ndiye kuti palibe ndondomeko ya DevOps pakampani pano, koma ichi si chifukwa chokana, phunzirani kampaniyo ndi zinthu zake, kaya zili pa intaneti. ntchito zomwe kampaniyo imadzipangira yokha, mafoni a m'manja, malingaliro azinthu.
Ngati inde, ndiye fotokozani ngati muyenera kugwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi machitidwewa kapena ngati pali kuthekera koyenda mopingasa kumagulu a mautumikiwa ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino muzochita za DevOps. Ngati inde, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupita ndikukhala okangalika komanso othandiza, ndipo mukamaliza maphunziro athu, izi ndizotsimikizika.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti akatswiri a Devops amapeza phindu lenileni pokhapokha atakhala ndi chidziwitso pa chitukuko / kuyang'anira / kuyesa. Pokhapokha chidziwitsocho sichidzakhala chosadziwika, koma kulimbikitsa katswiri (m'lingaliro lililonse). Choncho, lingaliro la "kuphunzira DevOps kuyambira pachiyambi" ndi lofanana ndi kuphunzira "kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi kuyambira pachiyambi" ngati simunagwirepo kamera m'manja mwanu kapena kuwongolera kuwombera. Kuti tikuthandizeni kusankha ngati maphunzirowo ndi oyenera kwa inu, tapanga mayeso olowera omwe angayang'ane kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chanu.
Ine ndikuganiza imodzi mwa zidule - kuti panthawi yophunzitsa wophunzira aliyense adzisankhire yekha mbali yomwe akufuna kukulitsa. Nthawi zambiri timawona masinthidwe pomwe wopanga amakhala wopanga zomangamanga, ndipo woyang'anira amazindikira kuti akufuna kulemba kachidindo - ndiye amaphunziranso chilankhulocho ndikuchiwonjezera ndi luso lomwe adapeza la DevOps. Choncho, timawalandira makamaka amene akuona kuti ntchito yawo yatsala pangβono kutha. Maphunzirowa ayamba pa Meyi 28, koma mutha kujowina milungu iwiri pambuyo poyambira. Mutha kuwona pulogalamuyo ndikuyesa . Tikuwonani ku OTUS!
Source: www.habr.com