Wophunzira amabwera ku maphunziro kapena maphunziro apamwamba. Amawona mizere yolongosoka ya chithandizo chaumisiri, zingwe zamagetsi zoyendetsedwa bwino, mawonekedwe a bolodi la holo yophunzirira, zithunzi zowala ndi zithunzi za silayidi. Oyankhula ndi nthabwala ndi kumwetulira amapereka chidziwitso m'njira yoti mukhale ndi nthawi yomvetsetsa. Zoyimilira zimakhazikitsidwa, ntchito zoyeserera zimangowulukira zala zanu, kupatula kuti nthawi zina mumafunika thandizo la akatswiri. thandizo.
Komanso khofi yopuma ndi anthu amalingaliro ofanana, malo osangalala komanso amphamvu, kusinthana kwa zochitika, mafunso osayembekezereka kwa okamba. Mayankho onse ndi chidziwitso chomwe simudzachipeza m'mabuku, koma pochita.
Kodi mukuganiza kuti zidatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, kulimbikira komanso minyewa kuti ziwoneke ngati izi?
Tithokoze kwa Volodya Guryanov, woyang'anira wovomerezeka wa Kubernetes ndi injiniya/timu wotsogolera ku Southbridge, yemwe wachitira umboni ndikuchita nawo mwachangu pakupanga maphunziro ambiri a Slurm kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe.
Anawona kuzama kwa chilengedwe - zovuta ndi zokwawa zaminga, kuzindikira ndi zothetsera zosayembekezereka. Ndipo zodziwika bwino za Kubernetes, monga Slurm Basic ndi Slurm Mega. Ndipo maphunziro atsopano, osinthidwa kwambiri , yomwe ikuyandikira kwambiri ndipo idzayamba pa August 19.
Koma, mwinamwake, zokwanira za mawu, tiyeni tipite ku nkhani yokha. Momwe kuchokera pamitu ingapo yodziyimira payokha komanso yamitundumitundu . Chifukwa chake ndiyamba nkhani ya momwe maphunziro amapangidwira ndikupangidwira - monga "Kale mumlalang'amba wakutali, kutali ...."
Kodi kuseri kwa zochitikazo ndi chiyani?
Mukafunsa momwe timapangira maphunziro komanso komwe zimayambira, ndingoyankha "Zonse zimayamba ndi lingaliro."
Nthawi zambiri lingaliro limachokera kwinakwake - sitikhala omangidwa m'chipinda chapansi mpaka titapeza kuti: "Tiphunzitse mutu wanji?" Malingaliro amachokera kwinakwake paokha kuchokera ku magwero akunja. Nthawi zina anthu amayamba kufunsa kuti: "Mukudziwa chiyani zaukadaulo woterewu?" Kapena momwe zinalili ndi Docker kuti zinali zosatheka kumukwanira nthawi yamaphunzirowa - mwachiwonekere adayenera kutulutsidwa kunja kuti akhale ndi nthawi yoti anene zinazake panthawi yamaphunzirowa.
Umu ndi momwe lingaliro limawonekera.
Pambuyo polengezedwa, m'malingaliro anga, nthawi yovuta kwambiri imayamba - kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe mungaphatikizepo m'maphunzirowa - izi zikufanana kwambiri ndi momwe okamba amakonzekerera misonkhano iliyonse.
Pali chowawa chimodzi chachikulu pamene mukuwoneka kuti mwasankha mutu ndikuganiza kuti: "Kodi ndinganene chiyani pankhaniyi? Izi ndizosavuta, izi ndizodziwikiratu, aliyense amadziwanso izi. β
Koma kwenikweni izi sizili choncho nkomwe. Ndipo ine ndekha ndikunena mβmalo ambiri kuti zimene zimawoneka zoonekeratu kwa inu, kwa iwo amene amabwera kudzamvetsera kwa inu kapena kutenga maphunziro, siziri zoonekeratu. Ndipo apa pali kusanjikiza kwakukulu kwa ntchito ndi mikangano yamkati, momwe mungaphatikizire maphunzirowo. Zotsatira zake, timapeza mndandanda wa machaputala omwe ali ndi zikwapu zazikulu, zomwe maphunzirowo adzakhala.
Kenako ntchito yosavuta yachizolowezi imayamba:
- Kusankha zinthu
- Werengani mosamala zolemba za mtundu wamakono, popeza dziko la IT tsopano likukula pamtundu wina wa liwiro la cosmic. Ngakhale mutagwira ntchito ndi chinachake ndikupanga maphunziro, muyenera kupita ku zolembazo ndikuwona zatsopano kumeneko, zomwe ndi zosangalatsa kukambirana, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza makamaka kuzitchula.
- Ndipo mafupa ena a maphunzirowo akuwonekera, pomwe mitu yambiri, nthawi zambiri, yaphimbidwa kale ndipo zikuwoneka kuti chilichonse chomwe chilipo - jambulani mavidiyo ndikuyambitsa kupanga.
- Koma kwenikweni, ayi, ndiye kuti ntchito yovuta imayamba, koma osati kwa olemba maphunzirowo, koma kwa iwo omwe amayesa. Nthawi zambiri oyesa athu a alpha ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo, chomwe, choyamba, chimawerengeranso maphunziro pazolakwika zilizonse zamakaganizidwe ndi galamala. Chachiwiri, amatimenya mopweteka ndi ndodo ndi kutukwana pamene pali malo osadziwika bwino, osamvetsetseka. Pamene ziganizo zina zolembedwa movutikira zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba angapo kapena zamkhutu zodziwikiratu zimawonekera m'malembawo. Iwo amawerenga izo zonse, samalani nazo izo.
- Ndiye siteji kuyezetsa mchitidwe akuyamba, pamene zina zoonekeratu sanali ntchito zinthu komanso anagwidwa ndi mfundo zina zikusonyeza kuti mwina kukhala zovuta kwambiri, popeza izo zimakhala zosasangalatsa kwambiri - atakhala ndi kukopera - ndi malo amadziwika kumene kwambiri. zovuta ndipo tili ndi zambiri zoti tichite zomwe tikufuna kwa anthu omwe adzachite maphunzirowa. Kenako malingaliro amabwera: "Anyamata, pangitsani kukhala kosavuta apa, zikhala zosavuta kuzizindikira ndipo padzakhala phindu lochulukirapo."
- Pambuyo pa ntchito yochulukayi, gawo lomwe likukhudzana ndi kanema lalembedwa, chirichonse chikuwoneka bwino. Ndipo mutha kupereka kale kuti mupange, kutsatsa maphunzirowa. Koma kachiwiri, ayi, ndi mofulumira kwambiri - chifukwa posachedwapa tasiya kudzidalira pang'ono ndipo, makamaka, tayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mayankho. Pali chinthu chonga kuyesa kwa beta - apa ndi pamene anthu amaitanidwa kuchokera kwa akunja, osagwirizana ndi kampani yathu mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo pazinthu zina zabwino amasonyezedwa mbali zonse za maphunziro, mavidiyo, zolemba, ntchito zothandiza, kotero kuti iwo kupenda ubwino wa nkhaniyo, kupezeka kwa nkhaniyo ndi kutithandiza kupanga maphunziro kukhala abwino monga momwe tingathere.
- Ndipo kubwereza kotereku kukadutsa, okamba, kuyesa kwa alpha m'njira yothandizira, kuyesa kwa beta, kuwongolera. Kenako zonse zimayambiranso - chithandizo chaukadaulo, kuyesa kwa beta, kukonza.
- Ndipo panthawi ina, kumvetsetsa kumabwera kuti mwina tachita zosintha, chifukwa sizomveka kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense akukonda, kapena zisankho zazikulu zimapangidwa. Ndemanga zambiri za malo ena zikavuta, zibwerezeni padziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa china chake chalakwika.
- Ndiye nthawi imafika yosintha pang'ono - penapake chiganizocho sichinapangidwe bwino kwambiri, kwinakwake wina sakonda font, 14,5, koma akufuna 15,7.
- Ndemanga zamtunduwu zikatsalira, ndiye kuti, maphunzirowo amatseguka, malonda ovomerezeka amayamba.
Ndipo poyang'ana koyamba, ntchito yayifupi komanso yosavuta yopanga maphunziro imakhala yosakhala yophweka ndipo imatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Ndipo pali mfundo ina yofunika kuti ntchito ndi maphunziro sikutha pamene maphunziro atulutsidwa. Choyamba, timawerenga mosamala ndemanga zomwe zatsala mbali zina. Ndipo ngakhale kuyesetsa konse komwe tapanga, zolakwika zina zimadziwikabe, zolakwika zina zikuwongoleredwa ndikuwongoleredwa panjira, munthawi yeniyeni, kuti wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense wotsatira alandire ntchito yabwinoko.
Maphunziro aliwonse ali ndi mwiniwake wa mankhwala, yemwe, kuwonjezera pa kufotokoza lingaliro lachidziwitso, amafufuza nthawi zomalizira, amalemba m'mphepete mwake kuti ikadzafika nthawi yoti alembenso maphunzirowo, ndipo idzafikadi, chifukwa m'zaka ziwiri. kapena ngakhale patapita chaka, zina mwa zimene timanena zidzakhala zosagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuti makhalidwe awo ayamba kutha. Mwiniwake wa mankhwala amalemba m'mphepete mwazomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amafunsa kuti ndi mfundo ziti zomwe sizinali zomveka bwino, ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimawoneka zovuta kwambiri, komanso zomwe zimawoneka ngati zosavuta. Ndipo zonsezi zimaganiziridwa polembanso maphunzirowo, panthawi ya mtundu wina wa refactoring, kotero kuti kubwereza kulikonse kwa maphunziro apadziko lonse kumakhala bwino, kosavuta komanso kosavuta.
Umu ndi momwe maphunziro amawonekera.
Momwe maphunziro a Docker adabadwira
Uwu ndi mutu wosiyana komanso wachilendo kwa ife. Chifukwa mbali imodzi, sitinakonzekere kuchita, chifukwa masukulu ambiri a pa intaneti amapereka. Kumbali inayi, iye mwini adapempha ufulu ndipo adapeza malo omveka mu lingaliro lathu la kuphunzitsa akatswiri a IT ku Kubernetes.
Kulankhula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, poyambilira zonse zidayamba ndi maphunziro a Kubernetes, pomwe zidangoyamba, mwa lingaliro langa, pambuyo pa Slurm yoyamba. Tidasonkhanitsa ndemanga ndikuwona kuti anthu ambiri akufuna kuwerenga zina zowonjezera za Docker kwina, ndipo ambiri amabwera kumaphunziro oyambira a Kubernetes osadziwa kuti ndi chiyani. .
Chifukwa chake, kwa Slurm yachiwiri adapanga maphunziro - kapena kani, osati maphunziro, koma adapanga mitu ingapo pa Dockers. Kumene adafotokozera zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri, kuti anthu omwe amabwera kumalo okhudzidwa kwambiri asamve ngati akumanidwa ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika.
Kenako zochitika zinayamba kukhala chonchi. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu kunakula ndikusiya koyenera mu masiku atatu. Ndipo lingaliro lomveka komanso lodziwikiratu lidawonekera: bwanji osasintha zomwe timaphunzira ku Slurm Basic kukhala maphunziro ang'onoang'ono omwe mungatumizeko anthu omwe akufuna kuwonerapo kanthu za Docker asanayambe maphunziro a Kubernetes.
Slurm Junior, kwenikweni, ndi kuphatikiza kwamaphunziro angapo oyambira. Zotsatira zake, maphunziro a Docker adakhala gawo la Slurm Junior. Ndiye kuti, iyi ndi sitepe ya zero kale ΠΈ . Ndiyeno panali zongofotokoza chabe zofunika kwambiri.
Panthawi ina, anthu anayamba kufunsa kuti: βAnyamata, zonsezi nzabwino, izi ndi zokwanira kuti mumvetse zomwe mukunena pamaphunziro ozama. Kodi ndingawerenge mwatsatanetsatane zomwe docker angachite komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, ndi chiyani?" Kotero lingaliro linabwera kuti liwongole , kotero kuti, choyamba, anthu omwe amabwera ku Slurm pogwiritsa ntchito Kubernetes akhoza kutumizidwa kwa izo, komano, kwa iwo omwe alibe chidwi ndi Kubernetes panthawiyi yachitukuko. Kuti katswiri wa IT abwere kudzawonera maphunziro athu pa Docker ndikuyamba njira yake yosinthira ndi Docker yoyera. Kuti tikhale ndi maphunziro athunthu, athunthu - ndiyeno ambiri, atawonera maphunzirowa, atagwira ntchito kwakanthawi ndi Docker yoyera, adakula mpaka pomwe amafunikira Kubernetes kapena makina ena oyimba. Ndipo iwo anadza kwa ife makamaka.
Nthawi zina funso limafunsidwa: "Ndi anthu otani omwe sangafune Kubernetes?" Koma funso ili silikukhudza anthu, koma funso lokhudza makampani. Apa muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti Kubernetes ali ndi milandu ina yomwe ili yoyenera komanso ntchito zomwe zimathetsa bwino, koma m'malo mwake, pali zochitika zina zogwiritsira ntchito Kubernetes pamene zimayambitsa ululu wowonjezera ndi kuvutika kowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, sizitengera ngakhale anthu, koma zomwe makampani akhala akupanga komanso kwanthawi yayitali bwanji.
Mwachitsanzo, ena oyipa Legacy monolith - mwina simuyenera kukankhira mu Kubernetes, chifukwa izo zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri kuposa phindu. Kapena, mwachitsanzo, ngati iyi ndi ntchito yaying'ono, ili ndi katundu wochepa kapena, kwenikweni, osati ndalama zambiri ndi zothandizira. Palibe chifukwa chokokera ku Kubernetes.
Ndipo kawirikawiri, mwina, monga momwe anthu ambiri anenera kale, ngati mukufunsa funso: "Kodi Ndikufuna Kubernetes?", ndiye kuti simukusowa. Sindikukumbukira yemwe adabwera nazo poyamba, mwa lingaliro langa, Pasha Selivanov. Ndimagwirizana ndi izi 100%. Ndipo muyenera kukula mpaka Kubernetes - ndipo zikayamba kuonekeratu kuti ndikufunika Kubernetes ndipo kampani yathu ikufunika, ndipo zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa nkhani zoterezi, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kupita kukaphunzira ndikulingalira momwe mungakhazikitsire. zikukwera bwino, kotero kuti kusintha kwa Kubernetes sikuli kowawa kwambiri.
Matenda a ana ena ndi zinthu zina zosavuta, ndipo ngakhale zosavuta, zitha kupezeka makamaka kuchokera kwa ife, ndipo musadutse nokha ndi ululu wanu.
Makampani ambiri apita ndendende momwe poyamba padali mtundu wina wa zomangamanga popanda zotengera. Kenako adafika pomwe zidakhala zovuta kuwongolera zonse, adasinthira ku Docker ndipo nthawi ina adakula mpaka pomwe idapanikizana mkati mwa Docker ndi zomwe amapereka. Ndipo anayamba kuyang'ana zomwe zinali pafupi, zomwe zimathetsa mavutowa, makamaka Kubernetes - iyi ndi imodzi mwa machitidwe omwe amakulolani kuthetsa mavuto pamene Docker yoyera imakhala yodzaza ndi kusowa ntchito, iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri pamene anthu Amapita pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pansi, kumvetsetsa kuti teknolojiyi sikokwanira ndikupita ku mlingo wotsatira. Anagwiritsa ntchito chinachake, chinasowanso, ndipo anasunthira.
Ichi ndi chisankho chanzeru - komanso chabwino kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, ndikuwona kuti dongosolo lathu limamangidwa mokongola kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, , ngakhale kudzera mu maphunziro a kanema. Kenako pambuyo pa docker imapita ndiye ndiye . Chilichonse chimayenda bwino - munthu amapita ndipo ntchito yolimba imatuluka.
M'malo mwake, maphunzirowa amakupatsani mwayi woti muthane ndi milandu yambiri, ngakhale yamakono. Palinso madera omwe amakhalabe a imvi, ndikuyembekeza kuti posachedwa tidzapanga maphunziro omwe angatilole kuti titseke madera a imvi, makamaka, tidzabwera ndi chitetezo. Chifukwa izi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri.
Mwachidule, tili ndi madera ena otuwa omwe angakhale abwino kwambiri kutseka, kuti chikhale chithunzi chokwanira, chokwanira - ndipo anthu abwere, ndipo monga Kubernetes mwiniwake ali ngati womanga wa Lego, mukhoza kupanga zinthu zosiyana zimasonkhanitsa, ngati kulibe zokwanira - zowonjezera, zomwezo ndi maphunziro athu, kuti anthu amvetse zomwe akufunikira kuchokera ku izi; ayenera kusonkhanitsa mtundu wazithunzi, mtundu wa zomangamanga zomwe zachokera ku maphunziro athu.
Mukadzifunsa funso lolondola komanso lowona mtima: "Ndani angagwiritse ntchito maphunziro a Docker tsopano?", Ndiye:
- Kwa ophunzira omwe angoyamba kumene kulowamo.
- Kuyesa ogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti.
- M'malo mwake, pali makampani ambiri omwe sanagwiritse ntchito Docker okha, koma palibe amene adamvapo zaukadaulo wotero ndipo, kwenikweni, sadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Ndipo ndikudziwa makampani akuluakulu angapo ku St. Makamaka, kwa makampani oterowo, kwa mainjiniya m'makampani oterowo, maphunzirowa angakhale osangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa, choyamba, amakupatsani mwayi woti mumize mwachangu muukadaulo uwu, ndipo chachiwiri, pakangowoneka mainjiniya angapo omwe amamvetsetsa momwe zimachitikira. amagwira ntchito, atha kuzibweretsa ku kampani ndikukulitsa chikhalidwe ichi ndi mayendedwe awa mkati mwa kampani.
- M'malingaliro anga, maphunzirowa atha kukhala othandiza kwa iwo omwe adagwirapo kale ntchito ndi docker, koma pang'ono komanso ochulukirapo mumayendedwe a "chita kamodzi, chitani kawiri" - ndipo tsopano alumikizana mwanjira ina ndi Kubernetes yemweyo, ndipo izi. imayika maudindo ena pa iwo, ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba kwambiri cha zomwe docker ili, momwe mungayendetsere, koma nthawi yomweyo simudziwa momwe zimagwirira ntchito kuchokera mkati, simudziwa zomwe mungachite bwino. Izi ndi zomwe zili bwino kuti musachite, ndiye kuti maphunzirowa ndi oyenerera pakukonzekera ndi kuzama chidziwitso.
Koma ngati muli ndi chidziwitso pamlingo wa: "Sindikudziwa kulemba mafayilo a Docker molondola, ndimatha kulingalira za malo omwe ali, momwe zotengera zimagwirira ntchito, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pamakina opangira" - ndiye pali ndithudi palibe chifukwa chopita kwa ife, simudzaphunzira chirichonse chatsopano ndipo mudzakhala achisoni pang'ono chifukwa cha ndalama ndi nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati tipanga zabwino zomwe maphunziro athu ali nazo, ndiye:
- Tinayesetsa kupanga maphunzirowa ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha zochitika zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti musamangomvetsetsa gawo lachidziwitso lomwe lilipo, komanso kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake mukulifunira komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mtsogolo;
- pali zigawo zingapo zomwe sizipezeka paliponse - ndipo mwambiri palibe zinthu zambiri zomwe zilipo. Amakhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwa Docker ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito, ngakhale mosiyana pang'ono. Ndi njira ziti zomwe Docker adatenga kuchokera pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito makina osungira - ndipo izi zimapereka chidziwitso chozama cha nkhani yonse yoyendetsa zotengera mkati mwa Linux. Momwe zimagwirira ntchito, momwe zimalumikizirana wina ndi mnzake mkati mwa opaleshoni, kunja, ndi zina zotero.
Uku ndikuwoneka kozama kwambiri kotero kuti kumachitika kawirikawiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, m'malingaliro anga, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa ukadaulo uliwonse ndikumvetsetsa zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kwa iwo, muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la momwe zimagwirira ntchito pamlingo wotsika.
Maphunziro athu akuwonetsa ndikuwuza momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito kuchokera pamawonekedwe a kachitidwe. Kumbali imodzi, makina onse osungiramo zinthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo. Kumbali ina, amatenga zomwe zili mu Linux, monga docker. Makina ena oyika zida sanabwere ndi chilichonse chatsopano - adatenga zomwe zinali kale ku Linux ndikulemba chopukutira chosavuta chomwe chimakulolani kuyitcha mwachangu, kuyiyendetsa, kapena kuyanjana nayo. Docker yemweyo si gawo lalikulu kwambiri pakati pa makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mzere wolamula, ndi mtundu wa zofunikira zomwe zimakulolani kuti musalembe ma kilotons a malamulo kapena mtundu wina wa C code kuti mupange chidebe, koma kuti muchite izi mwa kulowa. mizere ingapo mu terminal.
Ndipo chinthu chinanso, ngati tikulankhula makamaka za Docker, zomwe Docker adabweretsa kudziko la IT ndi miyezo. Momwe ntchitoyo iyenera kuyambitsidwira, momwe iyenera kugwirira ntchito, zomwe zikufunika pazipika, zomwe zimafunikira pakukulitsa, kukonza pulogalamuyo yokha.
Munjira zambiri, docker imakhudza miyezo.
Miyezo ikupitanso ku Kubernetes - ndipo pali miyezo yofanana ndendende; ngati mukudziwa kuyendetsa bwino ntchito yanu ku Docker, ndiye kuti 99% ya nthawiyo idzagwiranso ntchito mkati mwa Kubernetes.
Ngati simunasangalale ndi momwe maphunziro a Docker adapangidwira, komanso maphunziro ena, komanso kukhala ndi chidwi ndi maphunzirowo kuchokera pamalingaliro othandiza, ndiye
Tidzasangalala kukuwonani!
Source: www.habr.com