Moni nonse. Madzulo a chiyambi cha maphunziro gulu latsopano Tikusindikiza zinthu zothandiza zolembedwa ndi wophunzira wathu, komanso mlangizi wamaphunziro, katswiri wothandizira zamakampani a REG.RU - Roman Travin.
Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za 2 zosintha ma disks ndikusamutsa zidziwitso ku ma disks atsopano okulirapo ndikuwonjezeranso kachitidwe kamitundu ndi mafayilo. Mlandu woyamba ukhudza kusinthidwa kwa ma disks omwe ali ndi magawo a MBR/MBR kapena GPT/GPT, nkhani yachiwiri ikukhudza kusinthidwa kwa ma disks ndi magawo a MBR okhala ndi ma disks okhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 2 TB, yomwe muyenera kuyikapo. Gawo la GPT ndi gawo la biosboot. Muzochitika zonsezi, ma disks omwe timasamutsa deta adayikidwa kale pa seva. Fayilo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa mizu ndi ext4.
Mlandu 1: Kusintha ma disks ang'onoang'ono ndi ma disks akuluakulu (mpaka 2TB)
Ntchito: Sinthani ma disks apano ndi ma disks akulu (mpaka 2 TB) ndi kusamutsa zidziwitso. Pankhaniyi, tili ndi 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disks ndi dongosolo anaika ndi 2 x 1 TB SATA disks kumene dongosolo ayenera kusamutsidwira.
Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe a disk omwe alipo.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Tiyeni tiyang'ane malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,6M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0
Kukula kwa fayilo musanalowe m'malo mwa ma disks ndi 204 GB, 2 md126 mapulogalamu ophatikizika amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amayikidwa mkati. /boot и md127, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuchuluka kwa thupi za gulu la VG vg0.
1. Kuchotsa magawo a disk mumagulu
Kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa gululo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri: md126 (mount point /boot) - imakhala ndi gawo /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM kwa sinthanani ndi muzu wa fayilo) - imakhala ndi /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Timayika magawo a disk yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lililonse ngati yoyipa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Timachotsa magawo a / dev/sda block pagulu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2Titachotsa diski kuchokera pamndandanda, chidziwitso cha chipangizo cha block chidzawoneka chonchi.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Mkhalidwe wa arrays mutachotsa ma disks.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>2. Koperani tebulo logawa ku disk yatsopano
Mutha kuyang'ana tebulo logawa lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito pa disk ndi lamulo ili.
fdisk -l /dev/sdb | grep 'Disk label type'
Zotsatira za MBR zingakhale:
Disk label type: doskwa GPT:
Disk label type: gpt
Kukopera tebulo la magawo a MBR:
sfdisk -d /dev/sdb | sfdisk /dev/sdcMu timuyi choyamba disk ikuwonetsedwa с zomwe chizindikirocho chimakopedwa, chachiwiri - kuti kope.
ZOCHITIKA: Za GPT choyamba disk ikuwonetsedwa pa kope chizindikiro chachiwiri diski imawonetsa disk kuchokera komwe kope chizindikiro. Ngati mutasakaniza ma disks, kugawa bwino koyambirira kumalembedwa ndikuwonongeka.
Kutengera tebulo la masanjidwe a GPT:
sgdisk -R /dev/sdс /dev/sdbKenako, perekani UUID mwachisawawa ku diski (ya GPT).
sgdisk -G /dev/sdc
Lamulo likachitika, magawowo ayenera kuwonekera pa disk /dev/sdc.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Ngati, pambuyo kuchitapo, magawo mu dongosolo pa litayamba /dev/sdc osasankha, ndiye timapereka lamulo kuti tiwerengenso tebulo logawa.
sfdisk -R /dev/sdcNgati ma disks omwe alipo akugwiritsa ntchito tebulo la MBR ndipo chidziwitsocho chiyenera kusamutsidwa ku disks zazikulu kuposa 2 TB, ndiye kuti pa disks zatsopano mudzafunika kupanga gawo la GPT pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la biosboot. Nkhaniyi ifotokozedwa mu Gawo 2 la nkhaniyi.
3. Kuwonjezera magawo a litayamba latsopano ku gulu
Tiyeni tiwonjezere magawo a disk kumagulu ofanana.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc2Timayang'ana kuti magawo awonjezedwa.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk Pambuyo pake, timadikirira kuti ma arrays agwirizane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[==>..................] recovery = 10.6% (24859136/233206784) finish=29.3min speed=118119K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Mutha kuwunika mosalekeza njira yolumikizirana pogwiritsa ntchito zofunikira watch.
watch -n 2 cat /proc/mdstat
chizindikiro -n imatchula pazigawo ziti mumasekondi lamulo liyenera kuchitidwa kuti muwone momwe zikuyendera.
Bwerezani masitepe 1 - 3 kuti mulowe m'malo mwa disk.
Timayika magawo a disk yachiwiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lililonse ngati zoyipa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Kuchotsa magawo a zida zotchinga /dev/sdb kuchokera kumagulu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2Titachotsa diski kuchokera pamndandanda, chidziwitso cha chipangizo cha block chidzawoneka chonchi.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
Mkhalidwe wa arrays mutachotsa ma disks.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
bitmap: 1/2 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Kukopera tebulo la magawo a MBR kuchokera pa disk /dev/sdс ku disk /dev/sdd.
sfdisk -d /dev/sdс | sfdisk /dev/sdd
Lamulo likachitika, magawowo ayenera kuwonekera pa disk /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part Kuwonjezera ma disk partitions ku arrays.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd1
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd2Timayang'ana kuti magawo awonjezedwa.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Pambuyo pake, timadikirira kuti ma arrays agwirizane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.5% (1200000/233206784) finish=35.4min speed=109090K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
5. Kuyika GRUB pama drive atsopano
Kwa CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXKwa Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
kumene X - kalata ya chipangizo chotchinga. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukhazikitsa GRUB /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
6. Fayilo yowonjezera (ext4) ya magawo a mizu
Pa disks zatsopano /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd 931.5 GB ilipo. Chifukwa chakuti tebulo logawa lidakopedwa kuchokera ku ma disks ang'onoang'ono, magawo /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 222.5 GB ilipo.
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Ndikofunika:
- Wonjezerani gawo 2 pa disk iliyonse,
- Wonjezerani gulu la md127,
- Wonjezerani PV (kuchuluka kwa thupi),
- Wonjezerani LV (voliyumu yomveka) vg0-root,
- Wonjezerani fayilo ya fayilo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito adagawikana tiyeni tikulitse gawo /dev/sdc2 mpaka pamtengo wokwanira. Perekani lamulo parted /dev/sdc (1) ndikuwona tebulo lomwe lilipo pano ndi lamulo p (2).
Monga mukuwonera, kutha kwa gawo 2 kumatha pa 240 GB. Tiyeni tikulitse kugawa ndi lamulo resizepart 2, pamene 2 ndi chiwerengero cha gawo (3). Timawonetsa mtengo wamtundu wa digito, mwachitsanzo 1000 GB, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chiwonetsero cha gawo la disk - 100%. Tikuwonanso kuti gawoli lili ndi kukula kwatsopano (4).
Bwerezani masitepe omwe ali pamwambawa pa disk /dev/sdd. Pambuyo kuwonjezera partitions /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdd2 idakhala yofanana ndi 930.5 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Pambuyo pake timakulitsa gululo Md127 mpaka pamlingo waukulu.
mdadm --grow /dev/md127 --size=maxTimayang'ana kuti gulu likukulirakulira. Tsopano kukula kwake kwakhala 930.4 GB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc2 8:34 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 931,5G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd2 8:50 0 930,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 930,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Kuonjezera ndalama kuchuluka kwa thupi. Tisanakulitse, tiyeni tiwone momwe PV ilili.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [222,40 GiB / 0 free]
Total: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in use: 1 [222,40 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]
Monga mukuonera, PV /dev/md127 amagwiritsa 222.4 GB malo.
Timakulitsa PV ndi lamulo ili.
pvresize /dev/md127Kuwona zotsatira za kukula kwa PV.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/md127 VG vg0 lvm2 [930,38 GiB / 707,98 GiB free]
Total: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in use: 1 [930,38 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]Kukulitsa voliyumu yomveka. Tisanafutukule, tiyeni tiwone momwe LV (1) ilili.
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<206,41 GiB] inherit
LV /dev/vg0/root amagwiritsa ntchito 206.41 GB.
Timakulitsa LV ndi lamulo ili (2).
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-rootTimayang'ana zomwe zamalizidwa (3).
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/swap' [<16,00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg0/root' [<914,39 GiB] inherit
Monga mukuwonera, mutatha kukulitsa LV, kuchuluka kwa malo omwe adakhalako kudakhala 914.39 GB.
Voliyumu ya LV yawonjezeka (4), koma mawonekedwe amafayilo akadali ndi 204 GB (5).
1. Tiyeni tikulitse dongosolo wapamwamba.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-rootLamuloli litaperekedwa, timayang'ana kukula kwa fayilo.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 32G 9,5M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 900G 1,3G 860G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 6,3G 0 6,3G 0% /run/user/0Kukula kwa mizu yamafayilo kudzakwera mpaka 900 GB. Mukamaliza masitepe, mutha kuchotsa ma disks akale.
Mlandu 2: Kusintha ma disks ang'onoang'ono ndi ma disks akuluakulu (kuposa 2TB)
Zolimbitsa thupi: Sinthani ma disks omwe alipo ndi ma disks akuluakulu (2 x 3TB) pamene mukusunga zambiri. Pankhaniyi, tili ndi 2 x 240 GB SSD (RAID-1) disks ndi dongosolo anaika ndi 2 x 3 TB SATA disks kumene dongosolo ayenera kusamutsidwira. Ma disks apano amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo la magawo a MBR. Popeza ma disks atsopano ali ndi mphamvu yoposa 2 TB, adzafunika kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo la GPT, popeza MBR silingagwire ntchito ndi ma disks akuluakulu kuposa 2 TB.
Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe a disk omwe alipo.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Tiyeni tiwone tebulo la magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa disk /dev/sda.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda | grep 'Disk label type'
Disk label type: dos
Pa disk /dev/sdb tebulo logawa lofanana limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone malo a disk omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dongosolo.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,5M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,3G 192G 1% /
/dev/md126 1007M 120M 837M 13% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Monga mukuwonera, muzu wamafayilo amatengera 204 GB. Tiyeni tiwone momwe pulogalamu ya RAID ilili.
1. Kuyika tebulo la magawo a GPT ndi magawo a disk
Tiyeni tiwone masanjidwe a disk ndi gawo.
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda print
Модель: ATA KINGSTON SVP200S (scsi)
Диск /dev/sda: 240GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/512B
Таблица разделов: msdos
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Тип Файловая система Флаги
1 1049kB 1076MB 1075MB primary загрузочный, raid
2 1076MB 240GB 239GB primary raid
Pa disk yatsopano ya 3TB tidzafunika kupanga magawo atatu:
- Gawo
bios_grub2MiB kukula kwa GPT BIOS kuyanjana, - Gawo la gulu la RAID lomwe lidzakwezedwa
/boot. - Kugawa kwa gulu la RAID komwe kudzakhalako LV mizu и Kusintha kwa mtengo wa LV.
Kukhazikitsa zofunikira adagawikana gulu yum install -y parted (za CentOS), apt install -y parted (kwa Debian/Ubuntu).
Kugwiritsa ntchito adagawikana Tiyeni tiyendetse malamulo otsatirawa kuti tigawane disk.
Perekani lamulo parted /dev/sdc ndi kupita ku disk masanjidwe editing mode.
Pangani tebulo la magawo a GPT.
(parted) mktable gpt
Pangani gawo limodzi bios_grub gawo ndikuyika mbendera yake.
(parted) mkpart primary 1MiB 3MiB
(parted) set 1 bios_grub on
Pangani gawo 2 ndikuyika mbendera yake. Gawoli lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipika cha gulu la RAID ndikuyikamo /boot.
(parted) mkpart primary ext2 3MiB 1028MiB
(parted) set 2 boot onTimapanga gawo lachitatu, lomwe lidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chipika chomwe LVM idzakhalapo.
(parted) mkpart primary 1028MiB 100% Pankhaniyi, sikoyenera kukhazikitsa mbendera, koma ngati kuli kofunikira, ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ili.
(parted) set 3 raid onTimayang'ana tebulo lopangidwa.
(parted) p
Модель: ATA TOSHIBA DT01ACA3 (scsi)
Диск /dev/sdc: 3001GB
Размер сектора (логич./физич.): 512B/4096B
Таблица разделов: gpt
Disk Flags:
Номер Начало Конец Размер Файловая система Имя Флаги
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary bios_grub
2 3146kB 1077MB 1074MB primary загрузочный
3 1077MB 3001GB 3000GB primary
Timagawira GUID yatsopano ku disk.
sgdisk -G /dev/sdd
2. Kuchotsa magawo a disk yoyamba kuchokera kumagulu
Kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa gululo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/2 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Dongosolo limagwiritsa ntchito 2 arrays: md126 (mount point / boot) - imakhala ndi /dev/sda1 и /dev/sdb1, md127 (LVM kwa swap ndi muzu wa fayilo) - imakhala ndi /dev/sda2 и /dev/sdb2.
Timayika magawo a disk yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lililonse ngati yoyipa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sda2
Kuchotsa magawo a zida zotchinga /dev/sda kuchokera kumagulu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sda1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sda2
Kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa gulu pambuyo kuchotsa litayamba.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
3. Kuwonjezera magawo a litayamba latsopano ku gulu
Chotsatira ndikuwonjezera magawo a disk yatsopano kumagulu a kulunzanitsa. Tiyeni tiwone momwe diski imapangidwira.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
Gawo /dev/sdc1 ndi bios_grub gawo ndipo sichimakhudzidwa pakupanga masanjidwe. Zosanjikiza zidzangogwiritsa ntchito /dev/sdc2 и /dev/sdc3. Timawonjezera zigawo izi kumagulu ofanana.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdc2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdc3Kenako timadikirira kuti gululo ligwirizane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdc2[2] sdb1[1]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 0/1 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdb2[1]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.2% (619904/233206784) finish=31.2min speed=123980K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Kugawa kwa disk pambuyo powonjezera magawo ku gululo.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk 4. Kuchotsa magawo a disk yachiwiri kuchokera kumagulu
Timayika magawo a disk yachiwiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pagulu lililonse ngati zoyipa.
mdadm /dev/md126 --fail /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --fail /dev/sdb2
Kuchotsa magawo a zida zotchinga /dev/sda kuchokera kumagulu.
mdadm /dev/md126 --remove /dev/sdb1
mdadm /dev/md127 --remove /dev/sdb2
5. Koperani tebulo la masanjidwe a GPT ndi kulunzanitsa gululo
Kuti tikopera tebulo la GPT tidzagwiritsa ntchito sgdisk, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu phukusi logwirira ntchito ndi magawo a disk ndi tebulo la GPT - gdisk.
kolowera gdisk kwa CentOS:
yum install -y gdisk
kolowera gdisk kwa Debian/Ubuntu:
apt install -y gdiskZOCHITIKA: Za GPT choyamba disk ikuwonetsedwa pa koperani chizindikiro, chachiwiri diski imawonetsa disk kuchokera komwe koperani chizindikiro. Ngati mutasakaniza ma disks, kugawa bwino koyambirira kumalembedwa ndikuwonongeka.
Lembani tebulo la GPT.
sgdisk -R /dev/sdd /dev/sdc
Kugawanika kwa litayamba pambuyo posamutsa tebulo litayamba /dev/sdd.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part Kenako, timawonjezera magawo onse omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamapulogalamu a RAID.
mdadm /dev/md126 --add /dev/sdd2
mdadm /dev/md127 --add /dev/sdd3Tikudikirira kuti gulu ligwirizane.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md126 : active raid1 sdd2[3] sdc2[2]
1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
bitmap: 1/1 pages [4KB], 65536KB chunk
md127 : active raid1 sdd3[3] sdc3[2]
233206784 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
[>....................] recovery = 0.0% (148224/233206784) finish=26.2min speed=148224K/sec
bitmap: 2/2 pages [8KB], 65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>Pambuyo kukopera gawo la GPT ku disk yachiwiri yatsopano, magawowo adzawoneka chonchi.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part
└─sda2 8:2 0 222,5G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 1G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 222,5G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md126 9:126 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md127 9:127 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]Kenako, ikani GRUB pa disks zatsopano.
Kuyika kwa CentOS:
grub2-install /dev/sdXKuyika kwa Debian/Ubuntu:
grub-install /dev/sdX
kumene X - kalata yoyendetsa, m'malo mwathu ma drive /dev/sdc и /dev/sdd.
Timasintha zambiri zamagulu.
Kwa CentOS:
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose > /etc/mdadm.confKwa Debian/Ubuntu:
echo "DEVICE partitions" > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan --verbose | awk '/ARRAY/ {print}' >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
Kusintha chithunzi initrd:
Kwa CentOS:
dracut -f -v --regenerate-allKwa Debian/Ubuntu:
update-initramfs -u -k allTimasintha kasinthidwe ka GRUB.
Kwa CentOS:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Kwa Debian/Ubuntu:
update-grubMukamaliza masitepe, ma disks akale amatha kuchotsedwa.
6. Fayilo yowonjezera (ext4) ya magawo a mizu
Kugawa kwa Disk musanayambe kukulitsidwa kwamafayilo mutatha kusamuka ku 2 x 3TB disks (RAID-1).
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 222,4G 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Tsopano magawo /dev/sdc3 и /dev/sdd3 ali ndi 2.7 TB. Popeza tidapanga mawonekedwe atsopano a disk ndi tebulo la GPT, kukula kwa magawo 3 kudakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo pamalo apamwamba a disk; Pankhaniyi, palibe chifukwa chokulitsa magawowo.
Ndikofunika:
- Wonjezerani gulu la md126,
- Wonjezerani PV (kuchuluka kwa thupi),
- Wonjezerani LV (voliyumu yomveka) vg0-root,
- Wonjezerani fayilo ya fayilo.
1. Wonjezerani gululo md126 mpaka pamlingo waukulu.
mdadm --grow /dev/md126 --size=max
Pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwa gulu md126 kukula kwa malo ogwidwawo kwawonjezeka kufika pa 2.7 TB.
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 223,6G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdc1 8:33 0 2M 0 part
├─sdc2 8:34 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdc3 8:35 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdd 8:48 0 2,7T 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 2M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 0 1G 0 part
│ └─md127 9:127 0 1023M 0 raid1 /boot
└─sdd3 8:51 0 2,7T 0 part
└─md126 9:126 0 2,7T 0 raid1
├─vg0-root 253:0 0 206,4G 0 lvm /
└─vg0-swap 253:1 0 16G 0 lvm [SWAP]
Kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa thupi.
Musanayambe kukulitsa, yang'anani mtengo waposachedwa wa malo okhala PV /dev/md126.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- 222,40g 0 Timakulitsa PV ndi lamulo ili.
pvresize /dev/md126
Timayang'ana zomwe zatsirizidwa.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md126 vg0 lvm2 a-- <2,73t 2,51tKukulitsa voliyumu yomveka vg0-root.
Titakulitsa PV, tiyeni tiwone malo omwe ali ndi VG.
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg0 1 2 0 wz--n- <2,73t 2,51tTiyeni tiwone malo omwe LV akukhala.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- <206,41g
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00g Voliyumu ya vg0-root imatenga 206.41 GB.
Timakulitsa LV mpaka malo apamwamba a disk.
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/vg0-root Kuyang'ana malo a LV pambuyo pakukulitsa.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root vg0 -wi-ao---- 2,71t
swap vg0 -wi-ao---- <16,00gKukulitsa dongosolo lamafayilo (ext4).
Tiyeni tiwone kukula kwa mafayilo amakono.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 204G 1,4G 192G 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0Voliyumu /dev/mapper/vg0-root imatenga 204 GB pambuyo pakukulitsa kwa LV.
Kukulitsa dongosolo la fayilo.
resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg0-root
Kuyang'ana kukula kwa fayilo mutatha kukulitsa.
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Файловая система Размер Использовано Дост Использовано% Cмонтировано в
devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 16G 9,6M 16G 1% /run
tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/vg0-root 2,7T 1,4G 2,6T 1% /
/dev/md127 1007M 141M 816M 15% /boot
tmpfs 3,2G 0 3,2G 0% /run/user/0
Kukula kwamafayilo awonjezedwa kuti kuphimba voliyumu yonse.
Source: www.habr.com