TL; DR ndi positi yamafunso/mayankho okhudza Sayansi ya Data ndi momwe mungalowetse ntchitoyi ndikutukuka momwemo. M'nkhaniyi ndidzasanthula mfundo zofunika ndi FAQ ndipo ndine wokonzeka kuyankha mafunso anu enieni - lembani mu ndemanga (kapena mu uthenga wachinsinsi), ndiyesera kuyankha chirichonse mkati mwa masiku angapo.
Kubwera kwa mndandanda wa zolemba za "Satanist Date", mauthenga ambiri ndi ndemanga zinabwera ndi mafunso okhudza momwe angayambitsire ndi komwe angakumba, ndipo lero tipenda luso lalikulu ndi mafunso omwe adatuluka pambuyo pa zofalitsa.
Chilichonse chomwe chanenedwa apa sichikunena kuti ndichowonadi ndipo ndi lingaliro la wolemba. Tidzawona zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuwoneka zofunika kwambiri pakuchita.
Nβchifukwa chiyani zimenezi zili zofunika kwenikweni?
Kuti cholingacho chikwaniritsidwe bwino, kuti chiwoneke ngati chachindunji - mukufuna kukhala DS kapena Research Scientist pa Facebook/Apple/Amazon/Netflix/Google - yang'anani zofunikira, zilankhulo ndi maluso ofunikira makamaka pa udindo uti. Kodi njira yolembera anthu ntchito ndi yotani? Kodi tsiku lililonse limayenda bwanji m'njira yotere? Kodi mbiri ya munthu amene amagwira ntchito kumeneko imawoneka bwanji?
Nthawi zambiri chithunzi chonse ndi chakuti munthu samamvetsetsa kwenikweni zomwe akufuna ndipo sizikudziwikiratu momwe angakonzekerere chithunzi chosadziwika bwino - kotero ndikofunikira kukhala ndi dongosolo lovuta la zomwe mukufuna.
Tsimikizirani zolinga zapano
Ngakhale zitasintha panjira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachilendo kusintha mapulani panthawi yamasewera, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi cholinga ndikuyang'ana pa icho, ndikuwunika nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuganiziranso.
Zingakhale kapena zikadali zofunika?
Pa nthawi yomwe mumakula kukhala malo.
Tangoganizani kuti musanayambe udindo wanu muyenera kupeza PhD, gwirani ntchito kwa zaka 2-3 mumakampani ndikumeta tsitsi lanu uku mukusinkhasinkha ku nyumba ya amonke - sizingakhale zofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika kale ndi akatswiri azachuma komanso maloya? Kodi zonse zidzasintha mopitilira kudziwika mdera lomwe mukufuna kutsata?
Kodi palibe mwayi woti aliyense athamangire kumeneko tsopano ndipo tiwona chithunzi pomwe pali gulu lalikulu la anthu omwe akuyesera kulowa ntchitoyi - ndipo padzakhala malo oyambira ochepa.
Kungakhale koyenera kuganizira zomwe zikuchitika posankha njira, osati momwe msika wantchito ulili pano, komanso malingaliro anu amomwe akusintha komanso komwe kuli.
Mwachitsanzo, wolemba sanakonzekere kukhala wa satana, koma pa PhD yake adagwira ntchito zamagulu ena omwe anali ndi luso lamphamvu lofanana ndi DS, ndipo pamapeto a sukulu yomaliza maphunziro adasintha mwachibadwa ku chilengedwe, akuwona zabwino. udindo.
Ngati panthawi ya sewerolo zikuwoneka kuti zidzakhala zofunikira kusamukira kwinakwake - chifukwa tsopano pali kusuntha kwakukulu ndi zochitika zonse zosangalatsa zikuchitika, ndiye kuti tidzasunthira kumeneko mwachibadwa.
Kuwonongeka kwa Luso
Awa ndi magulu okhazikika a maluso omwe akuwoneka kwa ine kukhala ofunikira pakugwira ntchito mokwanira mu DS. Ndiwunikira Chingerezi padera - phunzirani chilichonse chomwe mungachite mu CS. Chotsatira ndi magulu ofunikira.
Programming/Scripting
Ndi zilankhulo ziti zomwe mukutsimikiza kuzolowerana nazo? Python? Java? Zolemba za Shell? Lua? Sql? C++?
Zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti muchite komanso chifukwa chake pamapulogalamu - kuchuluka kwa maudindo apa kumasiyana kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri ndimayenera kukhazikitsa malingaliro ovuta, mafunso, zitsanzo, ma analytics, ndikupanga machitidwe otanthauziridwa, koma pafupifupi palibe zofunika pa liwiro la code, kupatula zambiri komanso zomveka.
Chifukwa chake, luso langa lokhazikika ndilosiyana kwambiri ndi omwe amalemba laibulale ya Tensorflow ndikuganiza za kukhathamiritsa kachidindo kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino cache ya l1 ndi zinthu zofananira, ndiye yang'anani zomwe mukufuna ndikuwunika njira yoyenera yophunzirira.
Mwachitsanzo, kwa python, anthu amapanga kale kuphunzira chinenero.
Zowonadi, pali upangiri wodziwa kale komanso magwero abwino pazosowa zanu - muyenera kusankha pamndandanda ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito.
Kumvetsetsa njira zamabizinesi
Simungapite kulikonse popanda izo: muyenera kumvetsa chifukwa chake mukufunikira mu ndondomekoyi, zomwe mukuchita ndi chifukwa chake. Nthawi zambiri izi ndizomwe zingakupulumutseni nthawi yochuluka, kukulitsa phindu lanu komanso osataya nthawi ndi chuma pa bullshit.
Nthawi zambiri ndimadzifunsa mafunso otsatirawa:
- Kodi nditani kwenikweni pakampani?
- Chifukwa chiyani?
- Ndani adzaigwiritsa ntchito ndipo motani?
- Kodi ndili ndi njira ziti?
- Kodi malire a magawo ndi chiyani?
Pano pali tsatanetsatane pang'ono za magawo: nthawi zambiri mukhoza kusintha kwambiri zochitika za ntchito ngati mukudziwa kuti chinachake chikhoza kuperekedwa nsembe: mwachitsanzo, kutanthauzira kapena mosemphanitsa, angapo peresenti sadzachita nawo gawo pano ndipo tili ndi kufulumira kwambiri. yankho, ndipo kasitomala amafunikira, chifukwa amalipira nthawi yomwe payipi ikuyenda mu AWS.
Math
Apa mukuganiza ndikumvetsetsa zonse nokha - popanda kudziwa masamu oyambira simuli kanthu kuposa anyani okhala ndi grenade (pepani Random Forest) - kotero muyenera kumvetsetsa zinthu zoyambira. Ngati ndingapange mndandanda wochepa kwambiri, ungaphatikizepo:
- Linear algebra - zinthu zambiri ndizosavuta kwa Google, yang'anani zomwe zikuyenera inu;
- Kusanthula masamu - (osachepera mu semesita ziwiri zoyambirira);
- Chiphunzitso chotheka chili paliponse pophunzira pamakina;
- Ma Combinatorics - ndi ogwirizana ndi chiphunzitsocho;
- Chiphunzitso cha zithunzi - osachepera BASIC;
- Ma algorithms - osachepera ma semesita awiri oyamba (onani malingaliro a Cormen m'buku lake);
- Masamu - osachepera zofunika.
Kusanthula kothandiza kwa data ndikuwonera
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ndikutha kusachita mantha kuyipitsa manja anu ndi data ndikusanthula mwatsatanetsatane deta, projekiti, ndikupanga mawonekedwe ofulumira a data.
Kusanthula deta yowunikira kuyenera kungokhala chinthu chachilengedwe, monga kusintha kwina konse kwa data komanso kuthekera kopanga mapaipi osavuta kuchokera ku unix node (onani nkhani zam'mbuyomu) kapena kulemba kope lowerengeka komanso lomveka.
Ndikufuna kutchula zowonera: ndikwabwino kuwona kamodzi kuposa kumva kambirimbiri.
Kuwonetsa graph kwa manejala ndikosavuta komanso komveka bwino kuwirikiza ka zana kuposa manambala angapo, kotero matplotlib, seaborn ndi ggplot2 ndi anzanu.
Maluso ofewa
Ndikofunikiranso kuti muthe kufotokozera malingaliro anu, komanso zotsatira ndi nkhawa (ndi zina) kwa ena - onetsetsani kuti mungathe kunena momveka bwino ntchitoyo muzochita zonse zaukadaulo ndi zamalonda.
Mutha kufotokozera anzanu, oyang'anira, oyang'anira, makasitomala ndi wina aliyense amene akufunikira zomwe zikuchitika, zomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito komanso zotsatira zomwe mwapeza.
Ma chart anu ndi zolemba zanu ziyenera kuwerengedwa popanda inu. Ndiko kuti, simuyenera kupita kwa inu kuti mumvetse zomwe zalembedwa pamenepo.
Mutha kufotokozera momveka bwino kuti mumvetsetse mfundoyo ndi/kapena kulemba pulojekiti/ntchito yanu.
Mutha kufotokoza malingaliro anu mwanzeru komanso mopanda chisoni, kunena "inde/ayi" kapena kufunsa / kuthandizira chisankho.
Zophunzitsa
Pali malo ambiri osiyanasiyana komwe mungaphunzire zonsezi. Ndipereka mndandanda waufupi - ndidayesa chilichonse kuchokera pamenepo ndipo, kunena zoona, chilichonse chili ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zake. Yesani ndikusankha zomwe zikukuyenererani, koma ndikupangira kuti muyesere zosankha zingapo osakhazikika pa imodzi.
- Maphunziro a pa intaneti: coursera, udacity, Edx, etc;
- Masukulu atsopano: pa intaneti ndi pa intaneti - SkillFactory, ShaD, MADE;
- Masukulu akale: mapulogalamu ambuye aku yunivesite ndi maphunziro apamwamba;
- Ntchito - mutha kusankha ntchito zomwe zimakusangalatsani ndikuzidula, kuziyika ku github;
- Ma Internship - ndizovuta kunena chilichonse apa; muyenera kuyang'ana zomwe zilipo ndikupeza zosankha zoyenera.
Ndikofunikira?
Pomaliza, mwina ndiwonjezera mfundo zitatu zanga zomwe ndikuyesera kuzitsatira ndekha.
- Ziyenera kukhala zosangalatsa;
- Bweretsani chisangalalo chamkati (= osayambitsa kuvutika);
- "Kuti ndikhale wako."
Chifukwa chiyani? Nβzovuta kulingalira kuchita chinachake tsiku lililonse osasangalala nacho kapena osachita chidwi. Tangoganizani kuti ndinu dokotala ndipo mumadana ndi kuyankhulana ndi anthu - izi, ndithudi, zingagwire ntchito mwanjira ina, koma mudzakhala osamasuka nthawi zonse ndi kutuluka kwa odwala omwe akufuna kukufunsani chinachake. Izi sizigwira ntchito pakapita nthawi.
Chifukwa chiyani ndatchula makamaka zosangalatsa zamkati? Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti izi ndizofunikira kuti chitukuko chipitirire komanso, makamaka, njira yophunzirira. Ndimasangalala kwambiri ndikatha kumaliza zina zovuta ndikupanga chitsanzo kapena kuwerengera zofunikira. Ndimasangalala nazo pamene code yanga ili yokongola komanso yolembedwa bwino. Choncho, kuphunzira china chatsopano nβkosangalatsa ndipo sikutanthauza mwachindunji kusonkhezeredwa.
"Kukhala wanu" ndikumverera komweko kuti izi ndi zomwe mumafuna kuchita. Ndili ndi kankhani kakang'ono. Kuyambira ndili mwana, ndakhala ndi chidwi ndi nyimbo za rock (ndi zitsulo - SALMON!) Ndipo, monga ena ambiri, ndinkafuna kuphunzira kusewera ndipo ndizo zonse. Zinapezeka kuti ndinalibe kumva kapena mawu - izi sizinandivutitse konse (ndipo ndiyenera kunena kuti izi sizikuvutitsa ochita masewera ambiri pa siteji), ndipo ndidakali kusukulu ndinali ndi gitala ... zinaonekeratu kuti sindimakonda kukhala kwa maola ambiri ndi kusewera pa izo. Zinali zovuta, nthawi zonse zinkawoneka kwa ine kuti mtundu wina wa ng'ombe ukutuluka - sindinasangalale nazo konse ndipo ndinkangodzimva kuti ndine wopusa, wopusa komanso wosatheka. Ndinadzikakamiza kuti ndikhale pansi m'makalasi ndipo nthawi zambiri sichinali chakudya chabwino cha kavalo.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndimatha kukhala modekha kwa maola ambiri ndikupanga chidole, kugwiritsa ntchito script kuti ndiwonetsere china chake pa flash (kapena china chake) ndipo ndidalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti ndimalize mbali zamasewera kapena kuthana ndi zimango zoyenda ndi/ kapena kulumikiza malaibulale a chipani chachitatu, mapulagini ndi china chilichonse.
Ndipo panthawi ina ndinazindikira kuti kuimba gitala si chinthu changa komanso kuti ndimakonda kumvetsera, osati kusewera. Ndipo maso anga adawala pamene ndimalemba masewera ndi ma code (kumvetsera zitsulo zamtundu uliwonse panthawiyo) ndipo ndizomwe ndinkakonda panthawiyo, ndipo ndizomwe ndimayenera kuchita.
Kodi muli ndi mafunso ena?
Zachidziwikire, sitinathe kudutsa mitu yonse ndi mafunso, chifukwa chake lembani ndemanga ndi PM ine - nthawi zonse ndimakhala wokondwa kukhala ndi mafunso.
Source: www.habr.com