Zolemba za othandizira a IoT. Zowopsa za ma polling utility mita

Moni okondedwa mafani a intaneti ya Zinthu. M'nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kuti ndilankhulenso za ntchito zapanyumba ndi anthu ammudzi komanso kafukufuku wa zida za metering.

Nthawi ndi nthawi, wosewera wina wamkulu wa telecom amauza momwe angalowe mumsikawu ndikuphwanya onse omwe ali pansi pake. Nthawi zonse ndi nkhani zotere, ndimaganiza kuti: "Anyamata, zabwino zonse!"
Simudziwa nkomwe kumene mukupita.

Kuti mumvetsetse kukula kwavutoli, ndikufotokozerani mwachidule gawo laling'ono lazomwe takumana nazo popanga nsanja ya Smart City. Gawo limenelo lomwe lili ndi udindo wotumiza.

Lingaliro lazonse ndi zovuta zoyamba

Ngati sitikulankhula za zida za metering, koma zomwe zili m'zipinda zapansi, zipinda zowotchera ndi mabizinesi, ndiye kuti ambiri aiwo ali ndi zotulutsa za telemetry. Zocheperako nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri - RS-485/232 kapena Ethernet. Monga lamulo, zida za "mkate" zowerengera kwambiri ndizomwe zimaganizira kutentha. Ndi chifukwa chotumiza iwo ali okonzeka kulipira poyamba.
Ndakhala kale mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani yanga pazinthu za RS-485. Mwachidule, ndi deta chabe mawonekedwe. M'malo mwake, zofunikira pamagetsi amagetsi ndi mizere yolumikizirana. Kufotokozera kwa mapaketi kumapita kumtunda wapamwamba, muyeso yotengera deta yomwe imagwira ntchito pamwamba pa RS-485. Ndipo zomwe zidzakhalepo pamlingo - zili pachifundo cha wopanga. Nthawi zambiri Modbus, koma osati kwenikweni. Ngakhale Modbus, imatha kusinthidwa.

M'malo mwake, chipangizo chilichonse chowerengera chimafunikira zolemba zake, zomwe zimatha "kulankhula" nazo ndikuzifunsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makina otumizira ndi ma script a kauntala aliyense payekha. Nawonso database pomwe zonsezi zimasungidwa. Ndipo mawonekedwe ena ogwiritsa ntchito momwe angapangire lipoti lomwe akufuna.

Zikuwoneka zosavuta. Mdierekezi, monga nthawi zonse, ali mwatsatanetsatane.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi gawo loyamba.

Zolemba

Kodi kulemba iwo? Chabwino, mwachiwonekere, gulani mita, mutsegule, phunzirani momwe mungalankhulire ndi izo ndikuziphatikiza mu nsanja wamba.

Tsoka ilo, yankho ili lingokhudza gawo limodzi la zosowa zathu. Monga lamulo, kauntala yotchuka imakhala ndi mibadwo ingapo, ndipo zolemba za m'badwo uliwonse zingakhale zosiyana. Nthawi zina pang'ono, nthawi zina zambiri. Mukagula chinthu, mumapeza m'badwo waposachedwa. Wolembetsa, wokhala ndi mwayi wapamwamba, adzakhala ndi chinachake chakale kwambiri. Sichigulitsidwanso m'masitolo. Ndipo wolembetsa sadzasintha metering unit.

Chifukwa chake vuto loyamba. Kulemba zolembedwa zotere ndi gulu lolimba la opanga mapulogalamu ndi mainjiniya "pansi". Tidagula m'badwo waposachedwa, ndikulemba template yoyambira kenako ndikuisintha pazida zenizeni. Ndizosamveka kuchita izi mu labotale, pokhapokha mukugwira ntchito ndi olembetsa amoyo.

Zinatitengera nthawi yochuluka kupanga mtolo wotero. Tsopano algorithm yakonzedwa. Ma templates oyambilira anali kukonzedwa nthawi zonse ndikuwonjezeredwa, kutengera zomwe takumana nazo muzochita zathu. Zoonadi, wolembetsayo anachenjezedwa ngati mwadzidzidzi anali kauntala yake yomwe inasanduka pang'ono "osati choncho". Chida choterocho chikawonekera, chimalumikizidwa molingana ndi dongosolo lokhazikika ndipo script yovota imasinthidwa panjira. Panthawi yogwirizanitsa, wolembetsa amagwira ntchito kwaulere. Amadziwitsidwa kuti akukhalabe mumayendedwe oyesera. Njira yophatikizira yokha ndi chinthu chosayembekezereka. Nthawi zina mumayenera kuwongolera pang'ono. Pali zovuta ndondomeko ndi ulendo kwa chinthu, fosholo mabuku ndi zonse kugonjetsa angatenge.

Ntchitoyo si yosavuta, koma solvable. Zotsatira zake ndi script yogwira ntchito. Laibulale ya script ikakula, kumakhala kosavuta kukhala ndi moyo.

Vuto lachiwiri.

Makhadi olumikizana ndiukadaulo

Kuti ndikupatseni lingaliro la zovuta za ntchitoyi, ndikupatsani chitsanzo. Tiyeni titenge mita yotentha kwambiri ya VKT-7.

Dzinalo silimatiuza chilichonse. VKT-7 ili ndi mayankho angapo a hardware. Kodi ili ndi mawonekedwe otani mkati mwake?

Pali zosankha zosiyanasiyana. Pakhoza kukhala zotuluka mu DB-9 block (iyi ndi RS-232). Mwina chotchinga chokha chokhala ndi ma RS-485. Mwinanso khadi laukonde ndi RJ-45 (pankhaniyi, ModBus ndi mmatumba mu Efaneti).

Kapena mwina palibe konse. Ndi mita yokha. Mukhoza kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe owonetsera momwemo, amagulitsidwa ndi wopanga padera ndipo amawononga ndalama. Vuto lalikulu ndikuti kuti muyike, muyenera kutsegula mita ndikuphwanya zisindikizo. Ndiko kuti, bungwe lopereka zothandizira likuphatikizidwa mu ndondomekoyi. Amadziwitsidwa kuti zisindikizo zidzathyoledwa, tsiku limasankhidwa ndipo injiniya wathu, pamaso pa nthumwi ya ogwira ntchito zothandizira, amakonza zofunikira, pambuyo pake mita imasindikizidwanso.

Kutengera mawonekedwe omwe adayikidwa, kuwongolera kwina kumachitidwa. Mwachitsanzo, tinaganiza zolumikiza mita ndi waya. Iyi ndiye njira yosavuta, ngati kusintha kwathu kuli mkati mwa mita 100, ndiye kuti kunyenga ndi LoRa ndikosowa. Ndizosavuta ndi chingwe ku netiweki yathu, kupita ku VLAN yakutali.

RS-485/232 imafuna chosinthira ku Efaneti. Ambiri amakumbukira nthawi yomweyo MOHA, koma ndiyokwera mtengo. Pamayankho athu, tasankha njira yotsika mtengo yaku China.

Ngati linanena bungwe yomweyo Efaneti, ndiye Converter sikufunika.

Funso. Tiyerekeze kuti timayika mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe tokha. Kodi mungapangire moyo wanu kukhala wosavuta ndikuyika Ethernet kulikonse?

Izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse. Tiyenera kuyang'ana kuphedwa kwa thupi. Angakhale alibe dzenje loyenera kuti mawonekedwe aimirire momwe ayenera. Ndipo kauntala, ndikukumbutsani, ili m'chipinda chathu chapansi. Kapena m'chipinda cha boiler. Pali chinyezi chambiri, kumangika sikungaphwanyidwe. Kumaliza mlanduwo ndi fayilo ndi lingaliro loyipa. Ndi bwino kuyika chinthu chomwe poyamba sichifuna kusintha kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri - RS-485 ndiyo njira yokhayo yotulukira.

Komanso. Kodi mita yalumikizidwa kumagetsi otsimikizika? Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti imakhala ndi mabatire. Munjira iyi, idapangidwa kuti izipanga zisankho pamanja kamodzi pamwezi kwa mphindi zitatu. Kupeza CGT-7 nthawi zonse kumakhetsa batire yake. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukoka magetsi otsimikizika ndikuyika chosinthira chamagetsi.

Kwa aliyense wopanga mamita, gawo lamagetsi ndi losiyana. Itha kukhala gawo lakunja panjanji ya DIN kapena chosinthira chomangidwa.

Zikuoneka kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana ndi ma module amphamvu pa mita iliyonse iyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse mnyumba yathu yosungiramo zinthu. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneko ndi kochititsa chidwi.

Zachidziwikire, zonsezi zidzalipidwa pomaliza ndi wolembetsa. Koma sadikira mwezi umodzi mpaka chipangizo choyenera chitafika. Ndipo akufunika kuyerekeza kuti alumikizane pano ndi pano. Chifukwa chake nkhokwe yaukadaulo imagwera pamapewa athu.

Chilichonse chomwe ndidafotokoza chimasandulika kukhala khadi yolumikizirana bwino kwambiri kuti mainjiniya am'deralo asaganize kuti ndi nyama yamtundu wanji yomwe adakumana nayo mchipinda chapansi chotsatira ndi zomwe amafunikira kuti igwire ntchito.

Mapu aukadaulo ali moyandikana ndi malamulo olumikizirana ambiri. Kupatula apo, sikokwanira kuphatikiza mita mumaneti athu, muyenera kuponyanso VLAN yomweyo pa doko losinthira, muyenera kuchita zowunikira, kupanga kafukufuku woyesa. Timayesetsa kupanga makina onse momwe tingathere kuti tipewe zolakwika komanso kuti tisaphatikizepo mphamvu zosafunika za mainjiniya.

Chabwino, tinalemba mapu luso, malamulo, zokha. Konzani mayendedwe.

Kodi pali misampha yobisika kuti?

Deta imawerengedwa ndikutsanuliridwa mu database.

Wolembetsa kuchokera ku ziwerengerozi siwotentha kapena ozizira. Akufunika lipoti. Makamaka mu mawonekedwe amene anazolowera. Ngakhale bwino, ngati yomweyo mu mawonekedwe a lipoti kuti akhoza kumvetsa, amene akhoza kusindikiza, kusaina ndi kugonjera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukufunikira mawonekedwe osavuta komanso omveka omwe amawonetsa zambiri pa mita ndipo amatha kupanga lipoti.

Apa zoo yathu ikupitilira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pali mitundu ingapo ya lipoti. Pachimake chawo, amawonetsera chinthu chomwecho (kutentha kumatentha), koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ena mwa olembetsa amafotokoza zamtengo wapatali (ndiko kuti, zowerengera zimalembedwa pamndandanda wazogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kuyambira pakuyika mita), wina ku deltas (apa ndipamene timalemba kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali. popanda kutengera zoyambira). M'malo mwake, sagwiritsa ntchito miyezo yofananira, koma machitidwe okhazikika. Pakhala pali zochitika pamene olembetsa amawona zonse zomwe amafunikira (kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumatenthedwa, kuchuluka kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndikupita, kusiyana kwa kutentha), koma mizati mu lipoti ili motsatira molakwika.
Choncho sitepe yotsatira - lipoti ayenera customizable. Ndiko kuti, wolembetsa yekha amasankha zomwe zikuyenda motsatizana ndi zomwe zili muzolemba zake.

Nayi mfundo yosangalatsa. Chilichonse chili bwino ngati mita yathu yayikidwa bwino. Koma zimachitika kuti bungwe lokhazikitsa, pakukhazikitsa ITP, linasokoneza ndikuyika molakwika nthawi ya mita. Tawona zida zomwe zikuganiza kuti ndi 2010. M'dongosolo lathu, izi ziwoneka ngati zowerengera ziro pamasiku apano, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni ngati tisankha 2010. Apa ndi pamene ma deltas amakhala othandiza. Ndiko kuti, tikunena kuti tsiku lapitalo zambiri zakhala zikugwedezeka.

Zikuwoneka, chifukwa chiyani zovuta zotere? Kodi ndizovuta kutsitsa wotchiyo?

Ndi ndendende ndi VKT-7 kuti izi zidzatsogolera kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa kauntala ndikuchotsa zakale kuchokera pamenepo.
Wolembetsa adzakakamizika kutsimikizira kwa oyang'anira zothandizira kuti adayika ITP osati dzulo, koma pafupifupi zaka zisanu zapitazo.

Ndipo potsiriza, icing pa keke.

Chizindikiritso

Tili ndi mita, tili ndi lipoti. Pakati pawo pali dongosolo lathu lomwe limapanga lipoti ili. Kodi inu mukumukhulupirira iye?

Ndine inde. Koma momwe tingasonyezere kuti palibe chomwe chimasintha mkati mwathu, kuti tisasokoneze tanthauzo. Ndi nkhani ya certification. Dongosolo loponya zisankho liyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi yotsimikizira kupanda tsankho. Machitidwe onse akuluakulu, monga LERS, Ya Energetik ndi ena, ali ndi satifiketi yofanana. Tidazipezanso, ngakhale ndizokwera mtengo komanso zimatenga nthawi yayitali.

Inde, nthawi zonse mukhoza kudula ngodya ndikugula chinthu chokonzekera. Koma wopanga adzayenera kulipira izi. Ndipo wopanga mapulogalamu sangapemphe ndalama zolowera, komanso zolipira pamwezi. Ndiko kuti, tidzakakamizika kugawana naye gawo la pie yathu.

Chifukwa chiyani zonsezi?

Vuto lalikulu si ili. Kupanga dongosolo lanu ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta. Komabe, imapereka mwayi wofunikira. Timamvetsetsa bwino momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Timachikulitsa mosavuta, titha kuchisintha ngati chosowa chotere chikachitika mwadzidzidzi. Wolembetsa amalandira chithandizo chokwanira, ndipo kuchokera kumbali yathu, zana limodzi pa zana limayang'anira ndondomekoyi.

Ndicho chifukwa chake tinasankha njira yachiwiri. Tayika chaka chimodzi cha moyo wa omanga athu ndi mainjiniya am'munda momwemo. Koma tsopano tikumvetsa bwino ntchito ya unyolo wonse.

Ndikayang'ana m'mbuyo, ndikumvetsetsa kuti popanda chidziwitso chomwe ndapeza, sindingathe kutanthauzira molondola khalidwe lachilendo la kauntala inayake.

Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu chinanso chingamangidwe pamaziko a dongosolo lotumiza. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma alarm, lipoti la ngozi. Tili ndi pulogalamu yam'manja yomwe ikubwera posachedwa.

Tinapita patsogolo ndikuwonjezera pa nsanja yathu (kupanda kutero simungatchule mwanjira ina) kuthekera kolandila zopempha kuchokera kwa okhalamo, kutha kuwongolera "ma intercoms" athu, nthawi yomweyo kuwongolera kuyatsa mumsewu ndi ntchito zina zingapo zomwe ine simunalembe za panobe.

Zonsezi ndizovuta, zosokoneza ubongo komanso zazitali. Koma zotsatira zake n’zamtengo wapatali. Olembetsa amalandira mankhwala opangidwa okonzeka.

Wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amene akukonzekera kulowa mnyumba ndi ntchito za anthu ammudzi atenga njira iyi. Kodi chidzadutsa?
Nali funso. Zilibe ngakhale za ndalama. Monga ndalembera pamwambapa, chomwe chikufunika apa ndi kuphatikiza ntchito m'munda ndi chitukuko. Si osewera akulu onse omwe amazolowera izi. Ngati Madivelopa anu ali ku Moscow, ndipo maulumikizidwe apangidwa ku Novosibirsk, ndiye kuti nthawi yanu yomalizidwa imatambasulidwa kwambiri.

Nthawi idzakuuzani omwe adzagwire pamsika uno, ndipo ndani anganene - chabwino, wapita ku gehena! Koma chinthu chimodzi chimene ndikudziwa bwino n’chakuti sizingagwire ntchito kubwera kudzatenga gawo la msika ndi ndalama basi. Izi zimafuna njira zosavomerezeka, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito, kukumba malamulo, kulankhulana ndi oyang'anira zothandizira ndi olembetsa, kudziwika kosalekeza ndi kugonjetsa kangaude.

PS M'nkhaniyi, ndakhala ndikuyang'ana mwadala kutentha ndipo osatchula magetsi kapena madzi. Ndikufotokozeranso kugwirizana kwa chingwe. Ngati tili ndi pulse linanena bungwe, pali ena nuances, monga kuvomerezedwa reconciliations pambuyo unsembe. Zitha kukhala kuti waya sangathe kufika, ndiye LoRaWAN imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizosamveka kufotokoza nsanja yathu yonse ndi magawo a chitukuko chake m'nkhani imodzi.

Source: www.habr.com