Malo opangira data amawononga 3-5% yamagetsi onse padziko lapansi, ndipo m'maiko ena, monga China, chiwerengerochi chimafika 7%. Malo opangira data amafunikira magetsi 24/7 kuti zida ziziyenda bwino. Zotsatira zake, kugwira ntchito kwa malo opangira data kumapangitsa kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ukhale mumlengalenga, ndipo potengera kuchuluka kwa zoyipa zachilengedwe, zitha kufananizidwa ndi kuyenda kwa ndege. Tinasonkhanitsa kafukufuku waposachedwa kuti tidziwe momwe malo opangira data amakhudzira chilengedwe, ngati izi zingasinthidwe, komanso ngati pali njira zofananira ku Russia.
Malinga ndi omaliza Malo a Supermicro's eco-conscious data centers omwe akugwiritsa ntchito njira zobiriwira amatha kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwawo ndi chilengedwe ndi 80%. Ndipo mphamvu yosungidwa ndikusunga makasino onse aku Las Vegas oyaka kwa zaka 37. Koma pakali pano, 12% yokha ya malo osungira deta padziko lapansi angatchedwe "wobiriwira".
kutengera kafukufuku wa 5000 oimira makampani a IT. Zinapezeka kuti 86% ya omwe adafunsidwa nthawi zambiri samaganizira za momwe malo opangira data amakhudzira chilengedwe. Ndipo 15% yokha ya oyang'anira ma data omwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi udindo wa anthu ndikuwunika mphamvu zamabizinesi. Makampaniwa amayang'ana kwambiri zolinga zokhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Ngakhale kuyang'ana pazotsatirazi ndikopindulitsa kwa malo opangira ma data: mabizinesi wamba amatha kusunga mpaka $ 38 miliyoni pazinthu zamagetsi.
PUE
PUE (Power Utilization Efficiency) ndi metric yomwe imayang'ana kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa data center. Muyesowu udavomerezedwa ndi mamembala a The Green Grid consortium mu 2007. PUE ikuwonetsa chiΕ΅erengero cha mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo opangira deta ku mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi zida za data center. Kotero, ngati malo a deta amalandira mphamvu ya 10 MW kuchokera pa intaneti, ndipo zipangizo zonse "zimasunga" pa 5 MW, chizindikiro cha PUE chidzakhala 2. Ngati "gap" muzowerengetsera kuchepa, ndipo magetsi ambiri amafika pazida. , coefficient idzatengera chizindikiro choyenera ndi chimodzi.
Kafukufuku wa August Global Data Center wochokera ku Uptime Institute adafufuza oyendetsa ma data 900 ndipo adapeza pafupifupi PUE padziko lonse lapansi. ku 1,59. Ponseponse, chiwerengerochi chasintha kuyambira 2013. Poyerekeza, mu 2013 PUE inali 1,65, mu 2018 - 1, ndipo mu 58 - 2019.
Ngakhale PUE sichilungamo kufananiza malo osiyanasiyana a data ndi malo, Uptime Institute imapanga matebulo ofananitsa otere.
Kupanda chilungamo kwa kufananitsako ndi chifukwa chakuti malo ena opangira deta ali mu nyengo yoipa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuziziritsa malo odziwika bwino a data ku Africa, magetsi ochulukirapo amafunikira kuposa malo opangira data omwe ali kumpoto kwa Europe.
Ndizomveka kuti malo opangira data osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri ali ku Latin America, Africa, Middle East ndi madera ena a Asia-Pacific. "Chitsanzo" kwambiri potengera chizindikiro cha PUE chinali ku Europe ndi dera lomwe limagwirizanitsa USA ndi Canada. Mwa njira, pali oyankha ambiri m'maiko awa - 95 ndi 92 opereka data center, motero.
Kafukufukuyu adayesanso malo opangira data ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS. Komabe, anthu 9 okha omwe adafunsidwa adachita nawo kafukufukuyu. PUE yazidziwitso zapakhomo ndi "zoyandikana" zinali 1,6.
Momwe mungachepetse PUE
Kuzizira kwachilengedwe
Malingana ndi , pafupifupi 40% ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo opangira deta zimapita kuntchito ya machitidwe ozizira ozizira. Kukhazikitsa kuzizira kwachilengedwe (kuzizira kwaulere) kumathandiza kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama. Ndi dongosololi, mpweya wakunja umasefedwa, kutenthedwa kapena utakhazikika, ndiyeno umaperekedwa kuzipinda za seva. Mpweya wotentha "wotulutsa" umatulutsidwa kunja kapena kusakanikirana pang'ono, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndi kutuluka komwe kukubwera.
Pankhani ya kuzizira kwaulere, nyengo ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kutentha kwakunja koyenera kwambiri kumakhala kwa chipinda cha data center, mphamvu zochepa zimafunika kuti zibweretse ku "mikhalidwe" yomwe mukufuna.
Kuonjezera apo, malo osungiramo deta akhoza kukhala pafupi ndi malo osungiramo madzi - pamenepa, madzi ochokera kumeneko angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuziziritsa deta. Mwa njira, malinga ndi zolosera za Stratistics MRC, pofika chaka cha 2023 mtengo wa msika wamakono wozizira wamadzi udzafika $ 4,55 biliyoni. Pakati pa mitundu yake ndi kumiza kuzirala (zida zomiza mu mafuta omiza), kuzizira kwa adiabatic (kutengera teknoloji ya evaporation, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Facebook. data center), kusinthana kwa kutentha (kuzizira kwa kutentha kofunikira kumapita mwachindunji ku rack ndi zipangizo, kuchotsa kutentha kwakukulu).
Kuyang'anira ndikusintha zida munthawi yake
Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mphamvu zomwe zilipo pa data center zidzathandizanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi. Ma seva omwe adagulidwa kale ayenera kugwira ntchito za kasitomala kapena osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yopanda ntchito. Njira imodzi yopitirizira kuwongolera ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu owongolera zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM). Mapulogalamu oterowo amagawiranso katunduyo pa maseva, kuzimitsa zida zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikupanga malingaliro pa liwiro la mafani a firiji (kachiwiri, kusunga mphamvu pakuzizira kopitilira muyeso).
Gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera mphamvu zama data center ndikukonzanso zida munthawi yake. Seva yachikale nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika pakugwira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida ku m'badwo watsopano. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse PUE, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthira zida pafupipafupi - makampani ena amachita izi chaka chilichonse. Kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa Supermicro: Kuwongolera kotsitsimutsa kwa ma hardware kumatha kuchepetsa zinyalala za e-mail ndi 80% ndikupititsa patsogolo zokolola za data center ndi 15%.
Palinso njira zokometsera malo anu a data center popanda kuphwanya banki. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kutseka mipata m'makabati a seva kuti mupewe kutulutsa mpweya wozizira, kudzipatula pamipata yotentha kapena yozizira, kusuntha seva yodzaza kwambiri kumalo ozizira a data center, ndi zina zotero.
Ma seva ocheperako - makina ambiri owoneka bwino
VMware ikuyerekeza kuti kusintha ma seva enieni kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mpaka 80% nthawi zina. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti kuyika chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma seva pafupifupi pa makina ocheperapo a makina akuthupi amachepetsa mtengo wa kukonza hardware, kuzizira ndi mphamvu.
NRDC ndi Anthesis adawonetsa kuti kusintha ma seva a 3 ndi makina pafupifupi 000 kumapulumutsa $ 150 miliyoni pamitengo yamagetsi.
Mwa zina, virtualization imapangitsa kuti athe kugawanso ndikuwonjezera zinthu zenizeni (mapurosesa, kukumbukira, kusungirako) munjirayo. Choncho, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikugwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo ndalama za zipangizo zopanda ntchito.
Inde, njira zina zopangira mphamvu zingathenso kusankhidwa kuti ziwongolere mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuti akwaniritse izi, malo ena opangira data amagwiritsa ntchito ma solar panels ndi ma jenereta amphepo. Izi, komabe, ndi ntchito zodula kwambiri zomwe makampani akuluakulu okha angakwanitse.
Greens pochita
Chiwerengero cha malo opangira data padziko lonse lapansi kuchoka pa 500 mchaka cha 000 kufika pa 2012 miliyoni. Kuchuluka kwawo kwa magetsi kumawirikiza kawiri zaka zinayi zilizonse. Kutulutsidwa kwa magetsi ofunikira ndi malo opangira deta kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon umene umabwera chifukwa cha kuyaka kwa mafuta.
Asayansi ochokera ku UK Open University kuti malo opangira data amatulutsa 2% ya mpweya wa CO2 padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndizofanana ndi zomwe ndege zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimatulutsa. Kuti apatse mphamvu ma data 2019 ku China, mafakitale opanga magetsi adatulutsa matani 44 miliyoni a COβ mumlengalenga mu 2018, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 99 GreenPeace.
Atsogoleri akuluakulu a dziko lapansi monga Apple, Google, Facebook, Akamai, Microsoft, amatenga udindo wowononga chilengedwe ndikuyesera kuchepetsa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje "obiriwira". Chifukwa chake, CEO wa Microsoft, Satya Nadella, adalankhula za cholinga cha kampaniyo kuti akwaniritse mpweya woipa wa kaboni pofika chaka cha 2030, komanso pofika 2050 kuti athetseretu zotsatira za kutulutsa mpweya kuyambira pomwe kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1975.
Zimphona zazikulu zamabizinesi izi, komabe, zili ndi zinthu zokwanira kuti zikwaniritse zolinga zawo. M'mawuwa titchula malo angapo osadziwika "obiriwira".
Kolosasi
Deta ya data, yomwe ili ku Ballengen (Norway), imadziyika yokha ngati data center yoyendetsedwa ndi 100% mphamvu zowonjezera. Choncho, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizozi zikugwira ntchito, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsa ma seva, madzi ndi magetsi opangira magetsi. Pofika 2027, malo opangira data akukonzekera kupitilira 1000 MW yamagetsi amagetsi. Tsopano Kolos amapulumutsa 60% ya magetsi.
Zam'badwo Wotsatira
The British data center imagwira ntchito makampani monga telecommunication akugwira BT Group, IBM, Logica ndi ena. Mu 2014, NGD idati idakwanitsa PUE yake imodzi. Deta ya data inabweretsedwa pafupi ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu ndi ma solar panels omwe ali padenga la data center. Komabe, kenako akatswiri anakayikira chotsatira chautopian.
Swiss Fort Knox
Deta iyi ndi mtundu wa projekiti yapamwamba. Deta ya data "inakula" pa malo a Cold War bunker yakale, yomangidwa ndi asilikali a ku Switzerland pakagwa nkhondo ya nyukiliya. Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti malo opangira deta, kwenikweni, satenga malo padziko lapansi, amagwiritsanso ntchito madzi oundana ochokera m'nyanja ya pansi pa nthaka muzitsulo zake zozizira. Chifukwa cha izi, kutentha kwa dongosolo lozizira kumasungidwa pa 8 digiri Celsius.
Equinix AM3
Malo osungiramo data, omwe ali ku Amsterdam, amagwiritsa ntchito nsanja zoziziritsa za Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage muzomangamanga zake. Mpweya wawo wozizira umachepetsa kutentha kwa makonde otentha. Kuphatikiza apo, malo opangira data amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoziziritsa zamadzimadzi, ndipo madzi otayira otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcha ku Yunivesite ya Amsterdam.
Zomwe zili ku Russia
Kafukufuku CNews idawulula kuchuluka kwa ma racks pakati paopereka chithandizo chachikulu kwambiri ku Russia. Mu 2019, kukula kunali 10% (mpaka 36,5), ndipo mu 2020 chiwerengero cha ma racks chikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 20%. Othandizira ma data amalonjeza kuti adzalemba mbiri ndikupatsa makasitomala ma rack ena a 6961 chaka chino.
Ndi CNews, mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito njira zothetsera mavuto ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya data center ili pamtunda wochepa kwambiri - 1 W ya mphamvu yothandiza imawerengera mpaka 50% ya ndalama zopanda kupanga.
Komabe, malo opangira data aku Russia ali ndi chilimbikitso chochepetsera chizindikiro cha PUE. Komabe, dalaivala wa kupita patsogolo kwa opereka ambiri sakukhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe ndi udindo wa anthu, koma phindu lachuma. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kosakhazikika kumawononga ndalama.
Pa mlingo wa boma, palibe miyezo ya chilengedwe yokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka malo a deta, kapena zolimbikitsa zachuma kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira za "green". Choncho, ku Russia akadali udindo waumwini wa malo a deta.
Njira zodziwika bwino zowonetsera kuzindikira zachilengedwe m'malo osungiramo data:
- Kusintha kwa njira zochepetsera mphamvu zoziziritsira (zozizira zaulere ndi kuziziritsa kwamadzi);
- Kutaya zida ndi zinyalala zosalunjika kuchokera ku data center;
- Kubwezeretsanso zovuta za malo opangira data pachilengedwe kudzera mukuchita nawo kampeni yazachilengedwe komanso kuyika ndalama pazolinga zachilengedwe.
Kirill Malevanov, director director a Selectel
Masiku ano, PUE ya Selectel data centers ndi 1,25 (Dubrovka DC m'dera la Leningrad) ndi 1,15-1,20 (Berzarina-2 DC ku Moscow). Timawunika chiΕ΅erengero ndi kuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera mphamvu zoziziritsira, kuyatsa ndi zina zogwirira ntchito. Ma seva amakono tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zofananira; palibe chifukwa chopitira mopitilira muyeso ndikumenyera 10W. Komabe, ponena za zipangizo zomwe zimapereka mphamvu za data, njirayo ikusintha - tikuyang'ananso zizindikiro zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.
Tikanena za kubwezeretsanso, a Selectel adachita mapangano ndi makampani angapo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zida zobwezeretsanso. Osati ma seva okha, komanso zinthu zina zambiri zimatumizidwa ku zowonongeka: mabatire kuchokera kumagetsi osasunthika, ethylene glycol kuchokera ku machitidwe ozizira. Timatoleranso ndikubwezeretsanso mapepala otayidwa - zolongedza kuchokera ku zida zomwe zimafika kumalo athu opangira data.
Selestel adapita patsogolo ndikuyambitsa pulogalamu ya "Green Selectel". Tsopano kampaniyo idzabzala mtengo umodzi pachaka kwa seva iliyonse yomwe ikuyenda m'ma data a kampani. Kampaniyo idabzala nkhalango yoyamba pa Seputembara 19 - kumadera a Moscow ndi Leningrad. Mitengo yonse ya 20 inabzalidwa, yomwe m'tsogolomu idzatulutsa malita 000 a oxygen pachaka. Kukwezeleza sikutha pamenepo; pali mapulani okhazikitsa njira zobiriwira chaka chonse. Mutha kudziwa zotsatsa zatsopano patsamba lawebusayiti ndi .
Source: www.habr.com