Anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro aukadaulo amayesetsa kupeza dongosolo mu chilichonse. Pophunzira Chingerezi, chomwe chikufunika kwambiri mu IT, ambiri opanga mapulogalamu amakumana ndi mfundo yakuti sangathe kumvetsa momwe chinenerochi ndi dongosolo lake limagwirira ntchito.
"Walakwa ndani?"
Vuto ndi chiyani? Zikuwoneka kuti wopanga mapulogalamu, yemwe nthawi zambiri amalankhula zilankhulo zingapo zovomerezeka, kapena woyang'anira dongosolo, mosavutikira amayang'anira machitidwe ovuta kwambiri, sangakhale ndi vuto lodziwa chilankhulo chosavuta ngati Chingerezi.
Mwatsoka, mu ambiri anavomereza mchitidwe kuphunzira English, si zonse ndi losavuta. Amaphunzitsa zilankhulo ndi kulemba mabuku aumunthu ndi malingaliro osiyana ndi a akatswiri aukadaulo. Conventionally, amene amapanga mapulogalamu ndi zothandizira kuphunzira English pa msika lero akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:
- Ogwira ntchito za anthu olankhula Chirasha ;
- Olankhula Native, humanists, akatswiri .
Njira zonse zophunzitsira Chingelezi zili ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino: njirazo zimamangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu kupita kuzinthu zambiri, i.e. ku dongosolo lomwe, nthawi zambiri, silinakwaniritsidwe pochita.
Mukayamba kuphunzira pamaziko a mfundo imeneyi, munthu alibe lingaliro lomveka la mtundu wa chinenero chimene iye adzaphunzira. Pa nthawi yophunzira, wophunzira alibe lingaliro lomveka la gawo la dongosolo lomwe akuphunzira, momwe gawo lomwe likuphunziridwa likuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lonse, komanso komwe lidzafunikire. Mwambiri, palibe dongosolo lofunikira kuti katswiri waukadaulo (osati kokha) kuti aphunzitse luso.
Olemba mabuku olankhula Chirasha ozikidwa pa mfundo ya galamala yomasulira amagwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ofotokozera, kapena ofotokozera, galamala, omwe amachitidwa ndi akatswiri a zinenero, omwe ali ndi chiyanjano chosadziwika ndi kachitidwe kalankhulidwe. Ngakhale kulongosola kozama kwa galamala komwe kumasiyanitsa njira iyi, zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa, monga lamulo, zimatsikira kuzinthu zomwe zapangidwa bwino za dongosolo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalabe ndi wophunzira chidziwitso chochepa chabe, osati chosonkhanitsidwa mu dongosolo lothandizira la moyo. chinenero.
Njira yolankhulirana imafika pakuloweza malankhulidwe, omwe, nawonso, samapereka luso latanthauzo la chilankhulo pamlingo wa wopanga zolankhula. Popeza omwe amapanga njira yolumikizirana ndi omwe amalankhula okha, amatha kungopereka lingaliro lawo la chilankhulo kuchokera mkati, osatha kufotokoza, kumvetsetsa kuchokera kunja ngati dongosolo lomwe limasiyana ndi dongosolo la chilankhulo. chinenero chobadwa cha wophunzira wolankhula Chirasha.
Komanso, olankhula mbadwa samakayikira kuti ophunzira awo olankhula Chirasha ali m'chinenero chosiyana kwambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a galamala. Chifukwa chake, chodabwitsa, okamba omwe samalankhula Chirasha sangathe kufotokozera olankhula Chirasha ma nuances onse a Chingerezi chawo.
Vuto la kadzidzi padziko lonse lapansi
Chilankhulo cha Chirasha ndi Chingelezi chimasiyana ngakhale pamlingo wa chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la nthawi mu Chingerezi limaganiziridwa mosiyana kwambiri ndi Chirasha. Izi ndi galamala ziwiri zomangidwa pa mfundo zosiyana: Chingerezi ndi chinenero, pamene Russian - .
Akayamba kuphunzira chinenero popanda kuganizira mfundo yofunika kwambiri imeneyi, wophunzira amagwa mumsampha. Mwachikhazikitso, mwachibadwa kuyesetsa kufufuza dongosolo lodziwika bwino, chikumbumtima chathu chimakhulupirira kuti chikuphunzira chinenero chofanana ndi Chirasha, koma Chingerezi chokha. Ndipo, ziribe kanthu kuti wophunzira amaphunzira bwanji Chingelezi, iye mosasamala, mosadziΕ΅a, akupitiriza βkukokera kadzidzi wa Chingelezi ku dziko la Russia.β Izi zingatenge zaka kapena makumi angapo.
"Zochita?", Kapena Kutumiza ku ubongo
Mutha kusiya chizolowezi chomaliza mwachidule cha "", zogwirizana ndi makhalidwe a akatswiri olankhula Chirasha. Wolemba amathetsa zovuta zomwe tafotokozazi poyambitsa zinthu ziwiri zachilendo pakuphunzitsa.
Choyamba, asanayambe kuphunzira Chingerezi, wophunzirayo amamvetsetsa bwino kusiyana kwa galamala ya Chirasha ndi Chingelezi, kuyambira m'chinenero chake kuti asiyanitse njira ziwirizi zoganizira.
Mwanjira imeneyi, wophunzirayo amapeza chitetezo chodalirika kuti asagwere mu "bug" ya "kukokera Chingerezi ku Chirasha" mwachidziwitso, zomwe zimachedwetsa kuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kachiwiri, chimango cha chidziwitso chamalingaliro a chilankhulo cha Chingerezi chimalowetsedwa m'chiyankhulo cha chilankhulo chisanayambe kuphunzira Chingerezi. Ndiko kuti, kuphunzira kumapangidwa kuchokera ku luso la grammatical algorithm mpaka kuchita zinthu zake. Kupitilira apo, podzaza chimangochi ndi zomwe zili m'Chingerezi, wophunzira amagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe kalembedwe kodziwika kale kwa iye.
"Russian Revolution", kapena Miracles of Psycholinguistics
Magawo onsewa amangofunika pafupifupi maola 10 a maphunziro ndi mphunzitsi kapena nthawi yophunzira paokha ndi wophunzira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyikidwa pagulu. Kugulitsa koyambirira kotereku, kuwonjezera pa kukhala kosangalatsa kwa wophunzira, kuyimira mtundu wamasewera amalingaliro, kumapulumutsa nthawi yochulukirapo komanso ndalama, kumapangitsa malo abwinoko odziwa bwino luso, ndipo kumawonjezera chidwi cha wophunzirayo. kudzidalira.
Monga momwe mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito njirayi wasonyezera, akatswiri a IT amadziwa bwino galamala ya Chingerezi bwino komanso mofulumira kuposa ophunzira ena - njira ya algorithmic ndi deterministic ya galamala, kuphweka ndi kulingalira kwadongosolo kumagwirizanitsa bwino ndi luso la akatswiri.
Wolembayo adatcha kuthyolako kwa moyo wamaphunzirowa "Njira 12" pambuyo pamitundu yoyambira (kapena, m'mawu wamba, "makumi") omwe amapanga chimango cha galamala ya chilankhulo cha Chingerezi.
Ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito iyi ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mfundo zamaganizo za psycholinguistics, zopangidwa ndi asayansi otchuka monga N. Chomsky, L. Shcherba, P. Galperin.
Source: www.habr.com