Domain corp.com ndiyogulitsa. Ndizowopsa kwa mazana masauzande a makompyuta amakampani omwe akuyendetsa Windows

Dongosolo la kutayikira kwa data kudzera pa Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) chifukwa cha kugunda kwa dzina (panthawiyi, kugundana kwa dera lamkati ndi dzina la imodzi mwa ma gTLD atsopano, koma tanthauzo lake ndilofanana). Gwero: Maphunziro a University of Michigan, 2016

Mike O'Connor, m'modzi mwa oyika ndalama zakale kwambiri m'mayina awo, imagulitsa gawo lowopsa komanso losokoneza m'gulu lake: domain corp.com kwa $ 1,7 miliyoni. Mu 1994, O'Connor adagula mayina ambiri osavuta, monga grill.com, place.com, pub.com ndi ena. Zina mwa izo zinali corp.com, yomwe Mike adasunga kwa zaka 26. Wogulitsa ndalamayo anali kale ndi zaka 70 ndipo adaganiza zopanga ndalama zomwe adagulitsa kale.

Vuto ndiloti corp.com ndiyowopsa pamakompyuta amakampani osachepera 375 chifukwa chakusanjidwa mosasamala kwa Active Directory pakumanga ma intranet amakampani koyambirira kwa 000s kutengera Windows Server 2000, pomwe mizu yamkati idangotchulidwa kuti "corp". .” Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2010, izi sizinali vuto, koma ndi kukwera kwa ma laputopu m'malo amalonda, antchito ochulukirapo anayamba kusuntha makompyuta awo a ntchito kunja kwa intaneti. Mawonekedwe a Active Directory kukhazikitsa amatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti ngakhale popanda pempho lachindunji kwa //corp, mapulogalamu angapo (mwachitsanzo, makalata) amagogoda pa adiresi yodziwika yokha. Koma pakakhala kulumikizana kwakunja ndi netiweki mu cafe wamba kuzungulira ngodya, izi zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa data ndi zopempha zikutsanulidwa. corp.com.

Tsopano O'Connor akuyembekezadi kuti Microsoft yokhayo idzagula derali ndipo, mwamwambo wabwino kwambiri wa Google, iwola kwinakwake komwe kuli mdima komanso kosafikirika ndi anthu akunja, vuto lachiwopsezo chotere cha ma netiweki a Windows lithetsedwa.

Active Directory ndi kugunda kwa mayina

Maukonde amakampani omwe ali ndi Windows amagwiritsa ntchito Active Directory directory service. Zimalola oyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko zamagulu kuti awonetsetse kusinthidwa kofanana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito, kutumiza mapulogalamu pamakompyuta ambiri kudzera mu ndondomeko zamagulu, kuchita chilolezo, ndi zina zotero.

Active Directory imaphatikizidwa ndi DNS ndipo imayenda pamwamba pa TCP/IP. Kuti mufufuze zokhala mu netiweki, protocol ya Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WAPD) ndi ntchitoyi DNS dzina devolution (yomangidwa mu Windows DNS Client). Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza makompyuta kapena maseva ena popanda kupereka dzina lodziwika bwino.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati kampani imagwiritsa ntchito netiweki yamkati yotchedwa internalnetwork.example.com, ndipo wogwira ntchitoyo akufuna kupeza galimoto yogawana yomwe imatchedwa drive1, palibe chifukwa cholowa drive1.internalnetwork.example.com mu Explorer, ingolembani \ drive1 - ndipo kasitomala wa Windows DNS amaliza dzina lokha.

M'mitundu yakale ya Active Directory - mwachitsanzo, Windows 2000 Server - kusakhazikika kwa gawo lachiwiri lakampani kunali corp. Ndipo makampani ambiri asunga zotsalira zamkati mwawo. Choyipa chachikulu, ambiri ayamba kupanga maukonde akulu pamwamba pa kukhazikitsidwa kolakwika uku.

M'masiku a makompyuta apakompyuta, iyi sinali nkhani yachitetezo chifukwa palibe amene adatenga makompyutawa kunja kwamakampani. Koma chimachitika ndi chiyani pamene wogwira ntchito akugwira ntchito mu kampani yomwe ili ndi njira yochezera corp mu Active Directory amatenga laputopu yamakampani ndikupita ku Starbucks yakomweko? Kenako protocol ya Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) ndi DNS name devolution ntchito imayamba kugwira ntchito.

Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kuti ntchito zina pa laputopu zipitilira kugogoda pazida zamkati corp, koma osachipeza, ndipo m'malo mwake zopempha zidzathetsedwa ku corp.com domain kuchokera pa intaneti yotseguka.

M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kuti mwini wake wa corp.com atha kuvomereza zopempha zachinsinsi kuchokera pamakompyuta mazana masauzande ambiri omwe amasiya mwangozi m'makampani pogwiritsa ntchito dzinali. corp pa domain yanu mu Active Directory.

Kutayikira kwa zopempha za WPAD mumayendedwe aku America. Kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa 2016 University of Michigan, gwero

Chifukwa chiyani derali silinagulitsidwebe?

Mu 2014, akatswiri a ICANN adasindikiza kuphunzira kwakukulu kugunda kwa dzina mu DNS. Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi gawo lina la US Department of Homeland Security chifukwa chidziwitso chochokera ku maukonde amkati chimawopseza osati makampani amalonda okha, komanso mabungwe a boma, kuphatikizapo Secret Service, mabungwe a intelligence ndi nthambi zankhondo.

Mike ankafuna kugulitsa corp.com chaka chatha, koma wofufuza Jeff Schmidt adamulimbikitsa kuti achedwetse kugulitsa kutengera lipoti lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa. Kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti makompyuta 375 amayesa kulumikizana ndi corp.com tsiku lililonse popanda eni ake kudziwa. Zopemphazo zinali zoyesera kulowa mu intranet zamakampani, ma network kapena mafayilo.

Monga gawo la kuyesa kwake, Schmidt, pamodzi ndi JAS Global, adatsanzira pa corp.com momwe Windows LAN imachitira mafayilo ndi zopempha. Pochita izi, iwo, kwenikweni, adatsegula malo opita ku gehena kwa katswiri aliyense wodziwa chitetezo:

Zinali zoipa. Tinasiya kuyesa pambuyo pa mphindi 15 ndikuwononga [zonse zomwe tinapeza]. Woyesa wodziwika bwino yemwe adalangiza JAS pankhaniyi adanenanso kuti kuyesako kunali ngati "mvula yachinsinsi" komanso kuti anali asanawonepo chilichonse chonga ichi.

[Tidakhazikitsa zolandilira makalata pa corp.com] ndipo patadutsa pafupifupi ola limodzi tidalandira maimelo opitilira 12 miliyoni, pambuyo pake tidasiya kuyesa. Ngakhale kuti maimelo ambiri anali odzipangira okha, tinapeza kuti ena anali okhudzidwa ndi [chitetezo] choncho tinawononga deta yonse popanda kusanthula kwina.

Schmidt amakhulupirira kuti olamulira padziko lonse lapansi akhala akukonzekera mosadziwa botnet yoopsa kwambiri m'mbiri kwa zaka zambiri. Mazana a masauzande a makompyuta ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ali okonzeka osati kukhala mbali ya botnet, komanso kupereka zinsinsi za eni ake ndi makampani awo. Zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mutengere mwayi ndi control corp.com. Pankhaniyi, makina aliwonse omwe amalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yamakampani, omwe Active Directory adakonzedwa kudzera //corp, amakhala gawo la botnet.

Microsoft idasiya vutoli zaka 25 zapitazo

Ngati mukuganiza kuti MS sanali kudziwa za bacchanalia zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira corp.com, ndiye kuti mukulakwitsa kwambiri. Mike adayendetsa Microsoft ndi Bill Gates mwiniwake mu 1997Ili ndi tsamba lomwe ogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa beta wa FrontPage '97 adafikirapo, pomwe corp.com idalembedwa ngati ulalo wokhazikika:

Mike atatopa kwambiri ndi izi, corp.com idayamba kulozera ogwiritsa ntchito patsamba logulitsira zogonana. Poyankha, adalandira makalata zikwizikwi okwiya kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe adawatumizanso kudzera kwa Bill Gates.

Mwa njira, Mike mwiniyo, mwachidwi, adakhazikitsa seva yamakalata ndipo adalandira makalata achinsinsi pa corp.com. Iye anayesa kuthetsa mavutowa yekha mwa kulankhula ndi makampani, koma iwo sankadziwa mmene kukonza zinthu:

Nthawi yomweyo, ndinayamba kulandira maimelo achinsinsi, kuphatikizapo zolemba zoyambirira za malipoti a zachuma ku US Securities and Exchange Commission, malipoti a anthu ndi zinthu zina zoopsa. Ndinayesa kulemberana makalata ndi makampani kwa kanthaŵi, koma ambiri a iwo sankadziŵa chochita nazo. Chifukwa chake ndidangoyimitsa [seva yamakalata].

MS sanachitepo kanthu, ndipo kampaniyo imakana kuyankhapo pankhaniyi. Inde, Microsoft yatulutsa zosintha zingapo za Active Directory pazaka zomwe zimathetsa vuto la kugunda kwa dzina la domain, koma ali ndi zovuta zingapo. Kampaniyo idapanganso ndondomeko pakukhazikitsa mayina amkati, malingaliro oti mukhale ndi gawo lachiwiri kuti mupewe mikangano, ndi maphunziro ena omwe nthawi zambiri samawerengedwa.

Koma chofunika kwambiri chagona pa zosintha. Choyamba: kuti muwagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuyika pansi intranet ya kampaniyo. Chachiwiri: pambuyo pa zosintha zotere, mapulogalamu ena angayambe kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono, molakwika, kapena kusiya ntchito zonse. N'zoonekeratu kuti makampani ambiri omwe ali ndi makina opangidwa ndi makampani sangatenge zoopsa zoterezi pakapita nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri aiwo sadziwa nkomwe kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo chomwe chimadzaza ndi kutumizidwanso kwa chilichonse ku corp.com pomwe makinawo amatengedwa kunja kwa netiweki yamkati.

Kunyodola kwakukulu kumatheka mukawonera Schmidt Domain Name Collision Research Report. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi data yake, zopempha zina ku corp.com zimachokera ku intranet ya Microsoft.

Nanga n’ciani cidzacitika pambuyo pake?

Zikuwoneka kuti yankho la vutoli liri pamwamba ndipo linafotokozedwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi: lolani Microsoft igule malo a Mike kuchokera kwa iye ndikumuletsa kwinakwake kumalo akutali kwamuyaya.

Koma sizophweka. Microsoft idapereka O'Connor kuti agule malo ake oopsa kwamakampani padziko lonse lapansi zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndizo basi Chimphonacho chinapereka ndalama zokwana madola 20 okha kuti atseke dzenje loterolo pamanetiweki ake.

Tsopano derali likuperekedwa kwa $ 1,7 miliyoni.

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.

Kodi mukanatani mukanakhala O'Connor?

• 59,6%Lolani Microsoft igule domain pa $1,7 miliyoni, kapena mulole wina agule.501

• 3,4%Ndikanagulitsa $20 zikwi; Sindikufuna kulowa m'mbiri monga munthu amene adatsitsa malo otere kwa wina wosadziwika.29

• 3,3%Ndikayika maliro ndekha kwamuyaya ngati Microsoft sangathe kupanga chisankho choyenera.28

• 21,2%Ndikagulitsa mwachindunji malowa kwa obera ngati angawononge mbiri ya Microsoft pamakampani. Adziwa za vutoli kuyambira 1997!178

• 12,4%Ndikhoza kukhazikitsa botnet + seva ya makalata ndekha ndikuyamba kusankha tsogolo la dziko.104

Ogwiritsa 840 adavota. Wogwiritsa m'modzi adasala.

Source: www.habr.com