M'nkhaniyi tiwona zomwe zili pakompyuta pazida zoterezi, mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito ndi njira yosinthira. Mpaka pano, ndapeza kufotokozera kwa zinthu zomwe zatsirizidwa mufakitale, zokongola kwambiri, komanso zosatsika mtengo. Mulimonsemo, pofufuza mwachangu, mitengo imayamba pa ma ruble zikwi khumi. Ndikupereka mafotokozedwe a zida zaku China zodzipangira okha 1.5 zikwi.
Choyamba, m'pofunika kulongosola bwino zomwe zidzakambidwe. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma levitators a maginito, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machitidwe ake ndi yodabwitsa. Zosankha zoterezi, pamene maginito okhazikika, chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake, ali ndi mizati yomwe ikuyang'anizana, ilibe chidwi ndi aliyense lero, koma pali njira zambiri zochenjera. Mwachitsanzo izi:
Mfundo ya ntchito yafotokozedwa mobwerezabwereza, kunena mwachidule - pali maginito okhazikika omwe akupachikidwa mu magnetic field ya solenoid, mphamvu yomwe imadalira chizindikiro cha sensa ya holo.
Mbali ina ya maginito simatembenuzika chifukwa chakuti imayikidwa mu globe ya dummy, yomwe imasuntha pakati pa mphamvu yokoka pansi. Dongosolo lamagetsi la chipangizocho ndi losavuta kwambiri ndipo limafunikira pafupifupi kasinthidwe.
Pali zosankha zogwiritsira ntchito mapulojekiti ofanana pa Arduino, koma izi zikuchokera mndandanda wakuti "chifukwa chiyani zikhale zosavuta pamene zingakhale zovuta."
Nkhaniyi yaperekedwa ku njira ina, pomwe choyimira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa kuyimitsidwa:
M'malo mwa dziko lapansi, duwa kapena china chake n'chotheka, monga momwe mumaganizira. Kupanga zoseweretsa zotere kwakhazikitsidwa, koma mitengo yake sisangalatsa aliyense. Mu kukula kwa Ali Express ndinapeza magawo otsatirawa:
chomwe ndi kudzazidwa kwamagetsi kwa choyimilira. Mtengo wofunsidwa ndi ma ruble 1,5 zikwi ngati "Njira ya Wogulitsa" yasankhidwa.
Kutengera zotsatira za kulumikizana ndi wogulitsa, , ndi malangizo okhazikitsa mu Chitchaina. Chomwe chinandikhudza kwambiri chinali chakuti wogulitsayo adapereka ulalo wa kanema pomwe katswiriyo amafotokoza zonse mwatsatanetsatane, komanso mu Chitchaina. Pakalipano, kamangidwe kamene kasonkhanitsidwa kumafuna kusintha koyenera komanso kovutirapo; sikuli kwanzeru kuyiyambitsa "mwachangu." Ndicho chifukwa chake ndinaganiza zolemeretsa RuNet ndi malangizo mu Russian.
Kotero, mwa dongosolo. Gulu losindikizidwa losindikizidwa linapangidwa pamalo abwino kwambiri; monga momwe zinakhalira, zinali zosanjikiza zinayi, zomwe ziri zosafunikira kwenikweni. Ubwino wamapangidwe ake ndiabwino kwambiri ndipo chilichonse chimawonetsedwa ndi silika ndikujambula mwatsatanetsatane. Choyamba, ndizosavuta kugulitsa masensa a Hall, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuziyika bwino. Chithunzi choyandikira chalumikizidwa.
Malo okhudzidwa a masensa ayenera kukhala theka la kutalika kwa solenoids.
Sensa yachitatu, yopindika ndi chilembo "G", imatha kukwezedwa pang'ono. Udindo wake, mwa njira, siwovuta kwambiri - umathandizira kuyatsa mphamvu.
Ndikupangira kuyika ma solenoids kuti zotsogola kuyambira koyambira kolowera zili pamwamba. Mwanjira iyi adzayimirira mofanana, ndipo pamakhala chiopsezo chochepa chozungulira. Ma solenoids anayi amapanga lalikulu; ndikofunikira kulumikiza ma diagonal awiriawiri. Pa bolodi langa, diagonal imodzi inalembedwa kuti X1,Y1, ndipo ina inali yolembedwa X2,Y2.
Si zoona kuti mudzakumana ndi zomwezo. Mfundoyi ndi yofunika: timatenga diagonal, timagwirizanitsa materminals amkati a coils pamodzi, ndikugwirizanitsa ma terminals akunja kukhala dera. Maginito opangidwa ndi ma koyilo aliwonse ayenera kukhala moyang'anizana.
Mizati inayi ya maginito okhazikika iyenera kukwezedwa kuti zonse ziyang'ane mbali imodzi. Ziribe kanthu kaya ndi kumpoto kapena kum'mwera, ndikofunika kuti musagwirizane.
Pambuyo pake, timachita modekha ndi zigawozo ndikuziyika molingana ndi kusindikiza kwa silika. Kuwongolera ndi zitsulo ndizabwino kwambiri, kugulitsa bolodi lotere ndikosangalatsa.
Tsopano ndi nthawi yoti tifufuze momwe ntchito zamagetsi zimagwirira ntchito.
Node J3 - U5A - Q5 ili padera. Element J3 ndiye sensa ya Hall yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yokhala ndi miyendo yopindika. Ichi sichina koma chosinthira mphamvu chamagetsi chodziwikiratu. Sensor J3 imazindikira zenizeni za kukhalapo kwa zoyandama pamwamba pa kapangidwe kake. Tinayika zoyandama ndikuyatsa mphamvu. Kuchotsedwa - kuzimitsa. Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa popanda zoyandama ntchito ya dera imakhala yopanda tanthauzo.
Ngati mphamvu sizikuperekedwa, choyandamacho chimamamatira mwamphamvu kumodzi mwa maginito. Chonde dziwani: izi ndi zolondola, umu ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Choyandamacho chiyenera kutembenuzidwira mbali iyi. Imayamba kukankha pokhapokha ngati ili pakati pa dongosolo. Koma ngakhale zamagetsi sizikugwira ntchito, amagwera pamtundu umodzi wa bwaloli.
Wowongolera amapangidwa motere: magawo awiri ofananira, ma amplifiers awiri osiyana, aliyense amalandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa yake ya Hall ndikuwongolera H-mlatho, katundu wake ndi solenoids.
Mmodzi wa amplifiers LM324 Mwachitsanzo, U1D, amalandira chizindikiro kuchokera kachipangizo J1, ena awiri, U1B ndi U1C, kutumikira monga madalaivala H-mlatho wopangidwa ndi transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4. Malingana ngati choyandama chili pakatikati pa bwalo, amplifier ya U1D iyenera kukhala yokwanira ndipo manja onse a H-bridge atsekedwa. Choyandamacho chikangosunthira kumodzi mwa solenoids, chizindikiro chochokera ku sensor J1 chimasintha, theka la H-mlatho limatsegulidwa, ndipo solenoids imapangitsa kuti maginito asokonezeke. Amene ali pafupi ndi choyandamacho ayenera kuchikankhira kutali. ndi yemwe ali patsogolo - m'malo mwake, kukopa. Chotsatira chake, choyandamacho chimabwerera kumene chinachokera. Ngati zoyandama zimabwereranso kwambiri, mkono wina wa H-mlatho udzatsegulidwa, polarity ya magetsi ku solenoids idzasintha, ndipo zoyandamazo zidzasunthiranso pakati.
The diagonal yachiwiri pa transistors Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9 imagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi. Zachidziwikire, ngati musokoneza kukhazikika kwa ma koyilo kapena kuyika kwa masensa, zonse zikhala zolakwika ndipo chipangizocho sichigwira ntchito.
Koma ndani amakulepheretsani kuyika zonse pamodzi molondola?
Tsopano popeza tamvetsetsa dera lamagetsi, nkhani ya kasinthidwe yakhala yomveka bwino.
Ndikofunikira kukonza zoyandama pakati, ndikuyika potentiometers R10 ndi R22 kuti manja onse a H-milatho atsekedwe. Tinene, "konza" - Ndanyamulidwa, mutha kugwira choyandamacho ndi manja anu, ndendende, ndi dzanja limodzi, ndipo ndi dzanja lina mosinthana potoza zopinga ziwiri. Monga momwe zinakhalira, zotsutsa izi zimatembenuka pazifukwa zingapo - kwenikweni theka la kutembenukira pa imodzi mwazo, ndipo mawonekedwewo atayika. Kumene manja anga amachokera ndi chinsinsi, koma pokhudza sindinathe kuzindikira kusintha kwa khalidwe la zoyandama malinga ndi malo a potentiometer slide. Ndingayerekeze kunena kuti wopanga adakumana ndi zovuta zomwezo, motero adapereka ma jumper awiri otere pa bolodi.
Kodi mumawona ma jumper awiri pamwamba kumanzere ndi kumanja? Amaphwanya dera pakati pa solenoids ndi H-mlatho. Ubwino wa iwo uli pawiri: kuchotsa mmodzi wa jumpers, mukhoza kuzimitsa imodzi mwa diagonals, ndi kuyatsa ammeter m'malo ena, mukhoza kuona mmene H-mlatho wa diagonal ena.
Monga kulira kwanyimbo, ndikuwona kuti ngati milatho ya H pa ma diagonals onse ndi otseguka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kufika ma amperes atatu. Zikatero, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti transistor Q5 ikhalebe ndi moyo. Mwamwayi, imatha kupirira katundu wotere kwakanthawi kochepa, koma muyenera kutembenuza ma resistors awiri, ndipo simukudziwa pasadakhale komwe.
Chifukwa chake pakukhazikitsa koyambirira, ndikupangira kuti muyambe kusewera ndi diagonal iliyonse padera: zimitsani yachiwiri ndi jumper kuti Q5 isasute.
Popeza panopa kudutsa solenoids akhoza kusintha njira, Chinese ndi ammeters mmene singano imayima vertically pakati pa sikelo. Ndipo chifukwa chake amamva bwino komanso omasuka: amatulutsa zodumphira, amamatira ma ammeter mumipata, ndikutembenuza modekha zotsutsa mpaka mivi ikupita ku ziro.
Ndinayenera kusiya jumper imodzi yotseguka, ndikulowetsa mumpata wina woyesa wakale wa Soviet mu njira ya ammeter yokhala ndi malire a 10 amperes. Ngati pompopompo ikhala yosiyana, woyesayo adachoka kumanzere, ndipo moleza mtima ndidatembenuza screw mpaka woyesayo adabwerera ku zero. Iyi inali njira yokhayo yosinthira koyambirira. Ndiye zinali zotheka kuyatsa ma diagonal onse ndikusintha kusintha, kukwaniritsa bata lalikulu la zoyandama. Mukhozanso kulamulira chiwerengero chonse chamakono chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipangizocho: zochepa. ndi zolondola kwambiri.
MwachizoloΕ΅ezi, ndinasindikiza nkhani ya Levitron pa printer ya 3D. Sizinali zokongola ngati chidole chomalizidwa cha zikwi khumi, koma ndinali ndi chidwi ndi mfundo zaukadaulo, osati zokongoletsa.
Source: www.habr.com