Moni nonse.
Chaka chapitacho ndinakumana ndi zinthu zosasangalatsa monga matenda oganiziridwa kuti ndi matenda a chiwewe. Werengani dzulo zinandikumbutsa za mlanduwo - makamaka chifukwa chosatchulapo za chiwewe, ngakhale ndizofala kwambiri (makamaka ku Russia, Asia, Africa ndi America) komanso kachilombo kobisika. Tsoka ilo, kuopsa kokhudzana ndi izo sikupatsidwa kufunikira koyenera.
Ndiye chiwewe ndi chiyani? Izi osachiritsika matenda a virus omwe amafalikira kudzera m'malovu kapena magazi a nyama ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amayamba chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi nyama yomwe imanyamula kachilomboka.
Kodi anthu okhala ku Russia anganene chiyani za matenda a chiwewe? Chabwino, pali matenda. Mogwirizana ndi izi, agalu achiwewe amakumbukiridwa nthawi zambiri. Mbadwo wokalamba udzawonjezera kuti ngati galu wotere akakulumani, muyenera kupereka jekeseni 40 m'mimba ndikuyiwala za mowa kwa miyezi ingapo. Ndizo zonse.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti si aliyense amene akudziwa kuti chiwewe ndi matenda 100%. Ngati kachilomboka kalowa m'thupi mwanu mwanjira ina, "kuwerengera" kumayamba: kuchulukirachulukira ndikufalikira, kachilomboka kamasuntha mumitsempha kupita ku msana ndi ubongo. "Ulendo" wake ukhoza kukhalapo kwa masiku angapo kapena masabata mpaka miyezi ingapo - pamene kuluma kumakhala pafupi ndi mutu, nthawi yochepa yomwe mumakhala nayo. Nthawi yonseyi mudzamva bwino, koma ngati mutalola kuti kachilomboka kafike pa cholinga chake, ndiye kuti mwatheratu. Izi zikachitika, simudzamva zizindikiro za matendawa, koma mudzakhala kale chonyamulira chake: kachilomboka kadzawonekera m'zinsinsi za thupi. Zitatha izi, matenda a chiwewe amatha kudziwika poyezetsa, koma ndichedwa kwambiri kuchiza pakadali pano. Kachilomboka kakachulukana muubongo, zizindikiro zoyamba zosavulaza zimayamba kuonekera, zomwe m'masiku ochepa zimayamba kukhala kutupa kwaubongo komwe kumapita patsogolo komanso kufa ziwalo. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana - imfa.
Kuchiza matenda a chiwewe ndi mpikisano wa imfa. Matendawa sangayambike pokhapokha mutakwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wa chiwewe kachilombo ka HIV kasanalowe muubongo ndikumupatsa nthawi yoti achitepo kanthu. Katemerayu ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwewe (akufa) omwe amabayidwa m'thupi kuti "aphunzitse" chitetezo chamthupi kulimbana ndi kachilomboka. Tsoka ilo, "maphunziro"wa amatenga nthawi kuti apange ma antibodies, pomwe kachilomboka kamapitilira kupita ku ubongo wanu. Amakhulupirira kuti sikunachedwe kugwiritsa ntchito katemera mpaka masiku 14 mutalumidwa - koma ndi bwino kuchita izi mwamsanga, makamaka tsiku loyamba. Mukafuna thandizo munthawi yake ndikupatsidwa katemera, thupi limapanga chitetezo chamthupi ndikuwononga kachilomboka "poyenda." Ngati munazengereza ndipo kachilomboka kamatha kulowa muubongo musanayambe kupangidwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, mutha kuyang'ana malo kumanda. Kukula kwina kwa matendawa sikudzayimitsidwanso.
Monga mukuonera, matendawa ndi aakulu kwambiri - ndipo nthano zomwe zilipo ku Russia pa mutuwu zimawoneka zachilendo kwambiri.
Nthano nambala 1: Ndi agalu okha amene amanyamula chiwewe. Nthawi zina amphaka ndi (nthawi zambiri) nkhandwe amatchulidwanso ngati zonyamulira.
Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti onyamula matenda a chiwewe, kuwonjezera pa zomwe tatchulazi, akhoza kukhala nyama zina zambiri (makamaka, zoyamwitsa ndi mbalame zina) - raccoons, ng'ombe, makoswe, mileme, atambala, ankhandwe, ngakhale agologolo kapena hedgehogs.
Nthano nambala 2: Nyama yachiwewe imatha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi khalidwe lake losayenera (nyamayo imayenda modabwitsa, ikumedzera, imathamangira anthu).
Tsoka ilo, izi sizowona nthawi zonse. Makulitsidwe nthawi ya chiwewe ndi yaitali ndithu, ndipo malovu a chonyamulira matenda amapatsirana 3-5 masiku zizindikiro zoyamba kuonekera. Kuonjezera apo, chiwewe chikhoza kuchitika mwa "chete" mawonekedwe, ndipo nyama nthawi zambiri imataya mantha ndikutuluka kwa anthu popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zowopsya. Chifukwa chake, mukalumidwa ndi nyama yakuthengo kapena yosadziwika bwino (ngakhale ikuwoneka yathanzi), njira yokhayo yolondola ndikufunsa dokotala posachedwa, makamaka pasanathe tsiku loyamba, kuti mulandire katemera wa anti-rabies.
Nthano nambala 3+
Mwina maganizo olakwika owopsa. Kachilombo kachiwewe, ndithudi, sikulekerera kukhudzana ndi mankhwala amchere - koma kuti alowe mu minofu ya thupi, kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa khungu ndikokwanira. Palibe njira yodziwira ngati anakwanitsa kuchita izi asanatsutse bala.
Nthano nambala 4: adotolo adzakulemberani majekeseni 40 opweteka m'mimba, ndipo muyenera kupita kukalandira jakisoni tsiku lililonse.
Izi zinalidi choncho, koma mβzaka 4 zapitazi. Katemera wa matenda a chiwewe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano amafunikira jakisoni 6 mpaka XNUMX paphewa masiku angapo motalikirana, kuphatikiza jekeseni yomwe mwasankha musanalumidwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala (katswiri wa matenda opatsirana kapena rabiologist) angasankhe zosayenera katemera, kutengera momwe kuluma komanso momwe matenda amakhalira (amawunikidwa kuti ndi nyama yanji, kaya ndi yapakhomo kapena yakuthengo, komwe ndi momwe zidachitikira, kaya zidalembedwa m'dera la matenda a chiwewe ndi zina zotero).
Nthano nambala 5: Katemera wa chiwewe ali ndi mavuto ambiri ndipo ukhoza kufa ndi matendawa.
Katemera wamtunduwu amakhala ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa - ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amalandila katemera wa chiwewe osati prophylactically, koma pokhapokha ngati pali chiopsezo chotenga matenda. "Zotsatira zoyipa" izi sizosangalatsa, koma nthawi zambiri sizitenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo kupirira si mtengo waukulu wolipira kuti ukhalebe ndi moyo. Simungafe ndi katemera wokha, koma ngati simuwapeza mutalumidwa ndi nyama yokayikitsa kapena kudumpha katemera mobwerezabwereza, mukhoza kufa ndi chiwewe.
Nthano nambala 6: Ukagwira kapena kupha nyama yomwe yakuluma sikuyenera kulandira katemera chifukwa madokotala azitha kuyezetsa kuti adziwe ngati inali ndi matenda a chiwewe.
Izi ndi zoona mwatheka. Ngati chiweto chagwidwa ndipo sichikuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda a chiwewe, chikhoza kukhala kwaokha, koma izi sizingakupulumutseni ku katemera. Madokotala atha kupanga chisankho chosiya ngati chiweto sichidwala kapena kufa mkati mwa masiku 10 - koma apa mutha kukumana ndi zovuta ngati matenda a chiwewe. Apa ndi pamene chiweto chodwala chimakhala kwambiri yaitali kuposa masiku 10 omwewo - ndipo nthawi yonseyi ndi chonyamulira cha kachilomboka, popanda kusonyeza kunja zizindikiro za matenda. Palibe ndemanga zofunika. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti malinga ndi ziwerengero, matenda a chiwewe ndi osowa kwambiri - komabe ndikwabwino kumaliza njira yoyambira katemerayo kusiyana ndi kumaliza ziwerengero zomwezo ndikutsimikizira pambuyo pake m'dziko lotsatira kuti zinangochitika mwangozi.
Pankhani yomwe nyamayo imaphedwa pomwepo kapena kugwidwa ndi kuphedwa, kusanthula koteroko kumatheka kupyolera mu maphunziro a zigawo za ubongo, koma kuti zidzatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji (komanso ngati zidzachitidwa) zimadalira kwambiri kumene zonsezi zinachitika. ndi kumene munatembenukira . Nthawi zambiri, ndibwino kuyamba katemera nthawi yomweyo ndikuyimitsa ngati matenda a chiwewe satsimikiziridwa ndi kuyezetsa kwa labotale.
Ngati chinyama chimene chinakulumani chinathawa, ichi ndi chisonyezero chodziwikiratu cha katemera, ndipo ndi dokotala yekha amene ayenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo apa. Inde, kumaliza maphunziro a katemera kungakhale reinsurance - mulibe njira yodziwira ngati nyamayo inali ndi matenda a chiwewe. Koma ngati katemera sichinachitike, ndipo nyama akadali chonyamulira HIV, ndiye inu kungakupatseni imfa yowawa mu masabata kapena miyezi ingapo.
Nthano nambala 7: Ngati mwalumidwa ndi chiweto chomwe chili ndi katemera wa chiwewe, katemera sakufunika.
Izi ndi zoona, koma osati nthawi zonse. Katemera ayenera, choyamba, kulembedwa (olembedwa mu chiphaso cha katemera), ndipo kachiwiri, sayenera kutha kapena kuperekedwa pasanathe mwezi umodzi chisanachitike. Kuonjezera apo, ngakhale zonse zili bwino malinga ndi zolembazo, koma nyamayo imakhala yosayenera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikutsatira malangizo ake.
Nthano nambala 8: Mutha kutenga matenda a chiwewe pogwira chiweto chodwala, kapena chikamakanda kapena kunyambita.
Izi sizowona kwathunthu. Kachilombo kachiwewe sikangathe kukhala kunja kwa chilengedwe, choncho singakhale pakhungu/ubweya wa nyama kapena pa zikhadabo (mwachitsanzo, paka). Imamveka bwino m'malovu, koma simatha kulowa pakhungu lomwe silili bwino. Koma chotsatiracho, muyenera kusamba nthawi yomweyo ndi sopo ndikuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakhungu, pambuyo pake muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala ndikumulola kuti asankhe zoyenera kuchita.
Nthano nambala 9: Nthawi ndi pambuyo katemera wa chiwewe, sayenera kumwa mowa, apo ayi izo neutralize zotsatira za katemera.
Palibe umboni wa sayansi wonena kuti mowa umalepheretsa kupanga ma antibodies panthawi ya katemera wa chiwewe. Nkhani yowopsyayi ikufalikira m'mayiko omwe kale anali USSR. Childs, madokotala kunja msasa wakale Socialist sanamve za zoletsa, ndi malangizo katemera chiwewe mulibe contraindications zokhudzana ndi mowa.
Nkhani yowopsya iyi imabwerera ku zaka zapitazo, pamene katemera wa mbadwo wakale anagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe kwenikweni anabadwira m'mimba kwa masiku 30-40 motsatizana. Kuphonya jekeseni wotsatira, nthawi zonse ndi pano, kuopsa konyalanyaza zotsatira za katemera, ndipo kuledzera ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti asawonekere kwa dokotala.
Nthano nambala 10: Chiwewe ndi mankhwala. Anthu aku America adachiritsa mtsikana wodwala pogwiritsa ntchito Milwaukee Protocol pambuyo poti zizindikiro za matendawa zidawonekera.
Izi ndi zotsutsana kwambiri. Zowonadi, njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yokwera mtengo (pafupifupi $800000) yochizira matenda a chiwewe panthawi yazizindikiro ilipo, koma ndi zochepa chabe zakugwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe zatsimikiziridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, sayansi sichingathe kufotokoza momwe amasiyanirana ndendende ndi zochitika zambiri zomwe chithandizo chamankhwala sichinabweretse zotsatira. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kudalira Milwaukee Protocol - mwayi wopambana kumeneko ukuzungulira 5%. Njira yokhayo yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza yopewera matenda a chiwewe ndi katemera wapanthawi yake.
Pomaliza, ndikuwuzani nkhani yophunzitsa. Ndimakhala ku Germany, ndipo kuno, monga m'maiko ambiri oyandikana nawo, "zachiwewe" zanyama (ndipo, chifukwa chake, matenda a anthu) adathetsedwa chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za boma ndi mabungwe azaumoyo. Koma "zotumizidwa" nthawi zina zimatuluka. Mlandu womaliza unali pafupifupi zaka 8 zapitazo: munthu adaloledwa ku chipatala ndi madandaulo a kutentha kwakukulu, spasms pamene akumeza ndi mavuto ndi kugwirizana kwa kayendedwe. Pa mbiri yotenga ndondomeko, adanena kuti miyezi 3 isanayambike matendawa adabwerera kuchokera kuulendo wopita ku Africa. Nthawi yomweyo anamuyeza kuti ali ndi matenda a chiwewe ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zabwino. Pambuyo pake wodwalayo adatha kunena kuti adalumidwa ndi galu paulendo, koma sanayamikire izi ndipo sanapite kulikonse. Posakhalitsa mwamunayo anafera mβchipinda chakutali. Ndipo ntchito zonse za epidemiological m'deralo, mpaka ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo, zinali kale m'makutu mwawo panthawiyo - komabe, vuto loyamba lachiwewe m'dzikoli chifukwa Mulungu akudziwa zaka zingati ... Iwo anachita ntchito ya titanic, mkati mwa 3 days kupeza ndi katemera aliyense amene wakufayo anakumana naye atabwerako ku ulendo wovuta uja.
Musanyalanyaze kulumidwa ndi nyama, ngakhale ziweto, ngati zilibe katemera - makamaka m'mayiko omwe chiwewe chafala. Ndi dokotala yekha amene angapange chisankho chodziwitsa za kufunika kwa katemera pazochitika zilizonse. Polola kuti izi zichitike, mukuika moyo wanu ndi wa okondedwa anu pachiswe.
Source: www.habr.com